This document discusses ecosystems and food chains. It defines an ecosystem as a community of organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment. The key components of an ecosystem are producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers. Ecosystems can be terrestrial like forests or grasslands, or aquatic like freshwater or marine ecosystems. Food chains show the transfer of energy between trophic levels as organisms consume other organisms. There are three main types of food chains: grazing, detritivorous, and parasitic.

1. WELCOME

2. JSS INSTITUTE OF EDUCTION
SAKALESHAPURA
FROM
Aishwarya .L.R
FISRT B.Ed
JSS INSTITUTION OF EDUCTION
SAKALESHAPURA

3. ECOSYSTEM

4. Content
1.Introduction
2.Meaning
3.Definition of ecosystem
4.Components of ecosystem
5.Types of ecosystem
6.Characteristics

5. Introduction :
An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in
a community as well as all the abiotic factors with
which they interact. The Dynamics of an ecosystem
involve two process that is Energy flow and chemical
cycling .we can follow that transformation of energy
by grouping the species in a community into trophic
levels of feeding relationships

6. Meaning of Ecosystem :
 The term ecosystem was first used by A.G.Tanslet in 1935 He defines the
term ‘ecosystem’ “a particular of physical systems consisting of
organisms and inorganic compounds in a relatively stable equilibrium,
open of various size and kinds". It is comprised in two major parts that
Biome and Habitat .

7. Definition :
Ecosystem is the structural and functional unit of the
ecology where living organisms interact with each
other and also with surrounding physical
environment.
For example : Tropical rain forest with its trees
animals etc. …

8. Components of Ecosystem
 We known that plants are described as autotrophs .Since they are
capable of manufacturing their own food . Green plants in land
ecosystem and algae in aquatic ecosystem are described as
‘producers’.
 Heterotrophs depend on producers for their food either directly or
indirectly . Hence in any ecosystem animals are described as
‘consumers’.
 In ecosystem herbivores are described as primary consumers .
 The animals which obtain their food by eating herbivores. They are
described as Secondary consumers .
 Some animals obtain their food by feeding on secondary
consumers, they represents the tertiary consumers . Frogs may
become the food for snakes .

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11. Types of Ecosystem :
Mainly there are two
types of ecosystem namely
1.Terrestrial Ecosystem and
2. Aquatic Ecosystem

13. Terrestrial Ecosystem : This is the ecosystem which exists on land . It
can be further divided into the following types
1. Forest Ecosystem
2. Grassland Ecosystem
3. Desert Ecosystem

15. Aquatic Ecosystem : This is the ecosystem which exists in
water . It can be further divided into two types
1. Fresh water ecosystem
2. Marine water ecosystem

17. Characteristics of Ecosystem :
1. Ecosystem has no particular size .It can be as large as desert
2. The ecosystem may be natural or man made
3. Ecosystem different organisms interact with each other and
every organism has a role to play
4. It is a system where biotic or abiotic components work
together that is water plants , animals , micro organisms , air ,
heat
5. The foundation on which ecosystem resets is the production
of organic matter by photosynthesis .

18. Conclusion :
It has no particular size , and it may be
natural or man made then it can change with time
according to environments then the every different
organism has a role to play in ecosystem . Both the
biotic and abiotic are work together ,. So it show they
are inter depend with each other .

19. Food chain :
The food energy is getting
transferred from one trophic level to another is
called food chain

20. Classification :
Food chains can be broadly classified
into the following three types
1. Grazing or Herbivorous food chains
2. Detritivorous food chains
3. parasitic food chains

21. 1. Grazing or Herbivorous food chains :
In this food chain
primary consumers are
plants eating animals .
Most of the food chain
belong to this category .
Such food chain are also
known as Predatory
food chains .
Examples :
Grass--------Rabbit----------- Wolf

22. 2.Detritivorous food chain
In this food chains
primary consumer is a
detritivore . Ants ,
terminates , earthworms
, are called detrivores
because they feed on
detritus
Example : Detritus-------
-Earthworms ----Birds .

23. 3. Parasitic food chains :
In this types either the
producer or consumer is
parasitized . The transfer of
the food energy may occur
through a series of parasites .
Example ; Tree------- Fruit
eating birds------- Lice and
bugs -----Fungi

24. Conclusion :
It has no particular size , and it may be
natural or man made then it can change with time
according to environments then the every different
organism has a role to play in ecosystem . Both the
biotic and abiotic are work together ,. So it show they
are inter depend with each other .