this presentioation will help individuals learn about the most popular eating disorders known around the world, and how these disorders are spreading in the arab countries.
A crash-course ED 101 for dietitians not familiar with eating disorders
- What does "normal eating" mean and when does it become "disordered eating?"
- What are the spectrum of eating disorders?
- What are the causes of eating disorders and what does treatment involve?
- What is the dietitian's role in eating disorders?
- What are some ways to screen eating disorders and obsessive/compulsive exercise?
- Why are "Health at Every Size" and "Intuitive Eating" effective approaches in preventing clinical eating disorders?
this presentioation will help individuals learn about the most popular eating disorders known around the world, and how these disorders are spreading in the arab countries.
A crash-course ED 101 for dietitians not familiar with eating disorders
- What does "normal eating" mean and when does it become "disordered eating?"
- What are the spectrum of eating disorders?
- What are the causes of eating disorders and what does treatment involve?
- What is the dietitian's role in eating disorders?
- What are some ways to screen eating disorders and obsessive/compulsive exercise?
- Why are "Health at Every Size" and "Intuitive Eating" effective approaches in preventing clinical eating disorders?
Feeding and Eating disorders are one of the devastating disorders , Anorexia is a killer disease , very common in childhood and adolescent, mainly in girls more than boys. Bulimia is charecterize by binge eating followed by compulsive purging . Binge eating disorders and night eating syndrome are becoming very prevalent
Feeding disorders as avoidant restrictive food intake disorder , rumination disorders and pica are the types of feeding disorders in infant and childhood period
psychological rehabilitation, nutritional plan and medical therapy are the most effective lines of treatment foe eating Disorders
A presentation about depressive disorder. The presentation composed of the definition, causes, types, clinical feature, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and prevention of depression
Eating disorder is now known to reflect an interaction between an organism’s physiological variables include the balance of various neuropeptide and neurotransmitters, metabolic state, metabolic rate, condition of the gastrointestinal tract, amount of storage tissue, and sensory receptors for taste and smell.
In today's society, leanness is often equated with beauty, success, fitness, and self-control. Obesity, on the other hand, is considered as undesirable as leanness is desirable, for reasons that are often more related to cosmetic concerns than to actual or potential medical complications.
Identify the signs and symptoms associated with ODD. Identify strategies to help work more effectively with children/adolescents with ODD
Identify the signs and symptoms associated with Conduct Disorder. Identify strategies to help work more effectively with children/adolescents with Conduct Disorder
Feeding and Eating disorders are one of the devastating disorders , Anorexia is a killer disease , very common in childhood and adolescent, mainly in girls more than boys. Bulimia is charecterize by binge eating followed by compulsive purging . Binge eating disorders and night eating syndrome are becoming very prevalent
Feeding disorders as avoidant restrictive food intake disorder , rumination disorders and pica are the types of feeding disorders in infant and childhood period
psychological rehabilitation, nutritional plan and medical therapy are the most effective lines of treatment foe eating Disorders
A presentation about depressive disorder. The presentation composed of the definition, causes, types, clinical feature, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and prevention of depression
Eating disorder is now known to reflect an interaction between an organism’s physiological variables include the balance of various neuropeptide and neurotransmitters, metabolic state, metabolic rate, condition of the gastrointestinal tract, amount of storage tissue, and sensory receptors for taste and smell.
In today's society, leanness is often equated with beauty, success, fitness, and self-control. Obesity, on the other hand, is considered as undesirable as leanness is desirable, for reasons that are often more related to cosmetic concerns than to actual or potential medical complications.
Identify the signs and symptoms associated with ODD. Identify strategies to help work more effectively with children/adolescents with ODD
Identify the signs and symptoms associated with Conduct Disorder. Identify strategies to help work more effectively with children/adolescents with Conduct Disorder
Part of a 12 part series of courses at AllCEUs.com resulting in the receipt of a certificate in eating disorders counseling. Addresses bulimia, binge eating, anorexia, obesity. Uses The Body Betrayed by Zerbe and Brief Therapy with Eating Disorders by McDonald in addition to Dr. Snipes clinical experiences.
Increasing number of individuals is being diagnosed with eating disorders, as social media and western culture portray thinness as signs of happiness and well-being. Individuals with eating disorders are obsessed with food, body image, and weight loss. Depending on the severity and duration of their illness, they may display physical symptoms such as weight loss, amenorrhea, loss of interest in sex, low blood pressure, depressed body temperature, chronic and unexplained vomiting and the growth of soft, fine hair on the body and face.
Eating Disorders describe illnesses that are characterized by irregular eating habits and severe distress or concern about body weight or shape.
Done by:
Alhanouf Alsarhan
Farah Alshammari
severe and enduring anorexia nervosa : clinical and neuropsychological aspectsHeba Essawy, MD
severe and enduring anorexia nervosa is a persistent dietary restriction , underweight and over evaluation-of weight , history of more than 3 years and exposure to at least two evidence based treatments delivered
Alexithymia and eating disorders : clinical and treatment implicationHeba Essawy, MD
alexithymia and emotion regulation difficulties have an impact on the course and maintenance of eating disorders
lack of insight and the externally- oriented thinking styles typical to alexithymia will interfere with treatment compliance and patients with eating disorders ability to benefit from interventions especially psychotherapy ones
always screen for alexithymia in the everyday clinical practice with psychiatric patients including those suffering from eatings
A Comprehensive Exploration of Alexithymia, Autism spectrum Disorders and Eat...Heba Essawy, MD
Alexithymia , autism and eating disorders are sophisticated conditions that have garnered significant attention in recent years
these conditions have dramatic effects on mental and emotional well-being
one of the specific psychological variables that contribute to the etiology of eating disoders and autism is emotion regulation ability
Alexithymia is sub-clinical phenomenon not identifying a personality disorder per se, but a personality trait with a dimensional nature
construct of alexithymia , difficulty in identifying feelings, difficulty differentiation between typical bodily processes ( Hunger cues exhaustions
externally oriented thinking where the clients are paying more attention to external things arond than to internal experiences
difficulty of describing emotions
Autism eating experience and sensory processing constructs , exteroception, interoceptive
Uncovering the correlation between PTSD and Eating DisordersHeba Essawy, MD
traumatic experience and PTSD and eating disorders commonly co-occur , which can complicate recovery due to how the two psychiatric disorders can fuel one another .
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
3. 2- Anorexia nervosa:
serious, characterize By:
Disturbed body image.
Self-induced starvation.
Morbid fear of fatnes.
Serious malnutrition.
Mortality is 5-18%.
4. Diagnosis AN (DSM-V):
Restriction of energy intake relative to
requirements leading to a significantly low
body weight in the context of age, sex.
Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming
fat, or persistent behavior that interferes
with weight gain.
Disturbance in one's body weight or shape ,
persistent lack of recognition of the
seriousness of low body weight
Specify:
Restricting type
Purging type/Binge Eating.
5. Subtypes AN (DSM-V):
Restricting Type: during last 3months,
the person has not engaged in recurrent
episodes of binge eating or purging
behavior
Binge-Eating/Purging Type: during last 3
months, the person engaged in
recurrent episodes of binge eating or
purging behavior
6. Eating Disorder
Inventory (EDI)
The EDI is a 64 item, self-report for the
assessment of psychological and behavioral
traits common in anorexia nervosa (AN) and
bulimia.
EDI consists of eight sub-scales measuring:
1) Drive for Thinness, 2) Bulimia, 3) Body
Dissatisfaction, 4) Ineffectiveness, 5)
Perfectionism, 6) Interpersonal Distrust, 7)
Interoceptive Awareness ,8) Maturity Fears
7. CLINICAL FEATURES
PHYSICAL SIGNS:
Hypothermia.
Dependent odema.
Bradicardia.
Hypotension.
Lanugo Hair.
ECG Changes: Flat or invert T wave
Depressed ST Segment
Lengthening of QT Interval.
9. Epidemiology:
Life time prevalence
Girls from 14- 18ys
AN and BN
Death
Age:
Sp. After stress
M:F ratio
In professions
ballet
dancers.
0.5- 3.7%
0.5- 1%
30 - 50%
3-8%
10-30years.
1: 20
modeling –
15. Treatment
Outpatient.
Inpatient : depend on degree of
dehydration, starvation, & electrolyte
imbalance and weight loss.
1. Ensure weight gain
2. Treatment of metabolic condition
16. ANOREXIA NERVOSA
HOSPITALIZATION
- Recommended for patients who are
20 % below the expected.
- Require hospitalization if patients
are 30% less than expected→ two to
six months .
17. PLAN OF TREATMENT
Patient resists medication.
Antidepressant
SSRI → Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Weight gain by cyproheptadine( periactin).
TCA → if nutritional status is ok .
Group therapy:
Education
Supportive
Inspirational
Individual psychodynamic
Family therapy
Cognitive therapy
( not effective)
18. BULIMIA NERVOSA
Uncontrolled , rapid ingestion
Compulsive
For short time
Followed by
Self-induced vomiting
Use of laxatives
Use of diuretics
Fasting
Exercise
Specify type
Purging
Non purging
19. DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for
Bulimia Nervosa
A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating:
(1) Eating large amount in a discrete
period of time
(2) lack of control over eating
B. Recurrent compensatory behavior in
order to prevent weight gain.
C. Binge eating and inappropriate
compensatory behaviors is at least
once a week for 3 months.
20. Epidemiology
Life time prevalence
1-4%
Age
16-18 ys
M:F
1:10.
Occur in normal weight or obese.
Etiology
1. Biological
↓ Norepinephrine
↓5-HT
↑ Plasma endorphins after vomiting
21. PSYCHOLOGICAL
Patient have difficulties with
adolescent demands.
Bulimics are impulsive, angry, Self
destructive sexual relation.
Emotional Lability and suicide are at
Risk.
Binge Eating is Egodystonic so
seeking more help.
25. EATING DISODER
(NOS)
AN but with regular menses.
AN with weight within normal range.
BN occur less than twice a week , or
less than 3 months .
Repeated chewing or spiting out large
amount of food.
Binge Eating Disorder in absence of
compensatory behavior.
26. Binge eating disorder
BED : recurrent binge eating but do not engage in
the characteristic compensatory behaviors of
bulimia nervosa.
A common (30.1%) among subjects attending
hospital-affiliated weight control programs.
Rare in the community (2.0%).
The disorder is more common in females than in
males.
Associated with severity of obesity and a history of
marked weight fluctuations.
27. Binge eating disorder
impairment in work and social functioning
overconcern with body/shape and weight
significant amount of time in adult life on
diets
history of depression, alcohol/drug abuse,
and treatment for emotional problems
28. DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for
Binge Eating Disorder
Eating, in a discrete period of time ,
large amount
Lack of control over eating during the
episode
Binge eating occurs, on average, at
least once a week for three month
29. DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for
Binge Eating Disorder
BE are associated WITH :
1. Eating much more rapidly than normal
2. Eating until feeling uncomfortably full
3. Eating large amounts of food when
not feeling hungry
4. feeling disgusted with oneself,
depressed, or very guilty afterwards
30. DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for
Binge Eating Disorder
. The binge-eating episodes are associated with three (or more) of the
following:
1. eating much more rapidly than normal
2. eating until feeling uncomfortably full
3. eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry
4. eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much one is eating
5. feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterwards
C. Marked distress regarding binge eating is present.
D. The binge eating occurs, on average, at least once a week for three
months.
E. The binge eating is not associated with the recurrent use of inappropriate
compensatory behavior (for example, purging) and does not
exclusive
occur
31. Association of binge
eating disorder
Major depression.
Panic disorder.
Bulimia nervosa.
Borderline personality disorder.
Avoidant personality disorder .
32. psychopathology binge
eating disorder in obese
history of frequent weight fluctuations.
amount of time spent dieting.
drive for thinness.
feelings of ineffectiveness, stronger perfectionist
attitudes
impulsivity, less self-esteem.
33. Obesity:
Def: Ch. By excessive accumulation of fat in the body
Diagnosis: when the body wt. exceeds by 20% the standard wt. listed in ht-wt
tables or according BMI, healthful BMI is range of 20 to 25.
Epidemiology:
More in female by 6 times esp in lower social class
More in female than male
Etiology:
1- Biological
Impaired metabolic signal to the receptors in the hypothalamus after eating ⇒
remaining sense of hunger
Leptin abnormality, act as a fat thermostat. Patient level leptin is ↓→ more full in
consumed.
Baseline set patient (food in relation to energy to keep baseline fat store).
34. Genetic:
– 80% of patient have +ve family history.
Psychological:
– No Specific mental illness
– Stress produces hyperphgia
– Strong dependence needs produce
overeating as compensation.
D.D:
– Metabolic: Cushing's disease
– Myxedema
– SRI → wt gain
– Anti-psychotic .
35. Treatment:
Diet: Balanced diet of 1.100 to 1.200
calories/day
Supplemented iron, folic acid , Zn, vit B6.
Side effect of modified fasting
Orthostatic hypotension
Impaired nitrogen balance.
Exercise.
Drug:
Orlistal (xenical)
260mg/d
Sibutramine (Meridia)
10-20mg/d
Mazindal (Anorex)
3-9mg/d
36. Anorexia
Bulimia
Disturbed body image
Binge eating
Weight loss ↓ 85% of
expected.
Wt loss ↓ 15%
Restricting
Purging
Purging
Non purging
Life time prevailing
in female
0.5-3.7%
1-4%
Age of onset
10-30ys
16-18ys
M:F
1: 10
1:5
↓MHPG in urine a CST
↓ NE
↓ endorphins
↓ 5-HT
Ch.by
Specify type
Biological etiology
↑ endorphins