this presentioation will help individuals learn about the most popular eating disorders known around the world, and how these disorders are spreading in the arab countries.

1. Anorexia, Bulimia, & Bing disorder
EATING
DISORDERS
Presented By: Marwa Hussam Al- Mauly
Institution: Ibn Sina Hospital
Job Title: Psychologist

2. INDEX
 Disordered eating Vs. Eating disorder
 Definition of eating disorders
 Types
 Diagnosis
 Causes
 Eating disorders In Oman

3. DISORDERED EATING
VS.
EATING DISORDER

4. Disordered Eating Eating Disorder
• A reaction to a life situation • An illness
• Absence of compulsive thoughts or • Frequent and persistent thoughts
problems in regular functioning. and behaviors about body.
• Self-help can result in change • Needs Professional Intervention

5. DEFINITION

6.  Threatening psychological & physical illness
 Consuming small or huge amount of food
 Mostly teenage woman
 Eating disorders are characterized by:
 abnormal and harmful eating behaviors.
 motivated by unhealthy beliefs concerning eating, weight,
and body shape.
 difficulty accepting and feeling good about themselves.

7. TYPES

8. Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge Eating Disorder

9. ANOREXIA NERVOSA

10. CHARACTERISTCS
 Extreme thinness (emaciation)
 A relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to
maintain a normal or healthy weight.
 Intense fear of gaining weight.
 imbalance in the menstrual cycle among girls and
women.
 Extremely restricted eating.
 denial of the seriousness of low body weight

11. PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS
 Thinning of the bones (osteopenia or osteoporosis)
 Brittle hair and nails
 Dry and yellowish skin
 Growth of fine hair all over the body (lanugo)
 Mild anemia and muscle wasting and weakness
 Severe constipation
 Low blood pressure, slowed breathing and pulse
 Damage to the structure and function of the heart
 Brain damage
 Multi-organ failure
 Drop in internal body temperature, causing a person to feel cold
all the time
 feeling tired all the time
 Infertility.

12. BULIMIA NERVOSA

13.  consuming large amount of food
 Lack of control over episodes
 Followed by:
 Forced vomiting
 Fasting
 Excessive use of laxatives(diet pills)
 Excessive exercise
 Maintain healthy & normal weight

14. PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS
 Chronically inflamed and sore throat
 Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area
 Worn tooth enamel, increasingly sensitive and
decaying teeth as a result of exposure to stomach
acid
 Acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal
problems
 Intestinal distress and irritation from laxative abuse
 Severe dehydration from purging of fluids
 Electrolyte imbalance (too low or too high levels of
sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals)
which can lead to heart attack

15. THIS YOUNG WOMAN HAS LOST ALMOST ALL ENAMEL FROM THE PALATAL SURFACES
OF HER ANTERIOR TEETH (YELLOW DENTIN IS EXPOSED). A THIN WHITE RIM OF
REMAINING ENAMEL IS SEEN AT GUM LINE AND AMALGAM FILLINGS STAND "HIGH AND
DRY" AS THE TEETH ERODE AROUND THEM FROM REPEATED CONTACT WITH VOMIT

16. BINGE-EATING DISORDER

17.  lose of control over eating
 not followed by purging (vomiting)
 eating throughout the day
 over weight/ obese
 feeling of shame & guilt (lead to more
binge-eating)

18. PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS
 High blood pressure
 High cholesterol
 Gall bladder disease
 Diabetes
 Heart disease
 Certain types of cancer

19. CAUSES

20.  Psychological
 Interpersonal
 Social/Cultural
 Biological

21. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
 Low self-esteem
 Feelings of inadequacy or failure
 Feeling out of control
 Response to change (puberty)
 Response to stress (sports, dance)
 Personal illness

22. INTERPERSONAL FACTORS
 Troubled family and personal relationships
 Difficulty expressing emotions and feelings
 History of being teased or ridiculed based
on size or weight
 History of physical or sexual abuse

23. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS
 Narrow definitions of beauty
 Influence of media
 Religious Reasons (eg: Hindu)
 immigration to a western country
 Mingling with people of different cultures

24. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
 Eating disorders often run in families (learn
coping skills and attitudes in family)
 Genetic component (certain chemicals in
the brain control hunger, appetite and
digestion have been found unbalanced).

25. DIAGNOSIS OF EATING DISORDER

26. THE EATING DISORDER INVENTORY (EDI)
 64 questions
 divided into 8 subscales:
1. Drive for thinness
2. Bulimia
3. Body dissatisfaction
4. Ineffectiveness
5. Perfectionism
6. Interpersonal distrust
7. Interceptive awareness
8. Maturity fears

27. EATING ATTITUDES TEST (EAT-26)
 self-report measure of symptoms and
concerns characteristic of eating disorders
 Consists of 26 questions
 can be used in a non-clinical
 can be administered in group or individual
settings

28. TREATMENT OF EATING
DISORDERS

29.  CBT
 Individual, group, and/or family
psychotherapy
 Medical care and monitoring
 Nutritional counseling
 Medications.
 no treatment for chronic cases yet

30. EATING DISORDER IN OMAN
Eating disorders are generally found in western
developed countries
In Oman:
 Fatness was culturally preferred
 Recently Developed (why?)
 Studies showed that anorexia affects males more
then females (is it true?)
 number is significantly increasing