Earth's atmosphere
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The atmosphere consists mainly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), and also contains smaller amounts of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone. It is held in place by Earth's gravitational force and is densest closest to the surface, decreasing in density with altitude. The atmosphere functions to provide oxygen for respiration, nitrogen for plant growth, carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, protection from UV radiation, and moderation of temperature ranges. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane that are absorbing more heat from the sun, increasing atmospheric temperatures and causing sea levels to rise as ice melts.
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3) The nitrogen is recycled as animals eat plants and their waste decomposes, returning nitrogen to the soil, to be reused by plants.
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The document discusses several nutrient cycles (carbon, water, nitrogen) and how they interact with organisms and the environment. It then covers topics like the human population growth, human influences on ecosystems like agriculture, pollution, and conservation. Specific types of pollution are explained in more detail like water pollution from fertilizers and sewage, air pollution from sulfur dioxide and greenhouse gases, and nuclear fallout from accidents. Agriculture can impact ecosystems through deforestation and fertilizer use.
carbon oxygen cycle
The carbon and oxygen cycles describe the movement of carbon and oxygen between the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and released through respiration, while oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis and used in respiration. Human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming. This disrupts global climate patterns and ecosystems.
Green house effect
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and related topics in three paragraphs:
1) It defines the greenhouse effect as a phenomenon that helps keep the Earth warm enough to support life. It was first postulated in 1896 and carbon dioxide levels have increased 25% in recent years.
2) Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapor trap heat in the lower atmosphere like glass. Increased production of these gases from human activities is enhancing the greenhouse effect and causing global warming.
3) The impacts of the enhanced greenhouse effect include rising temperatures, sea levels and extreme weather. Control measures involve reducing greenhouse gas emissions through energy conservation, renewable energy, and international cooperation.
Carbon and nitrogen cycle
The document discusses the carbon and nitrogen cycles. It describes how carbon and nitrogen move between different reservoirs on Earth, including the atmosphere, living organisms, oceans, and fossil fuels. Key steps in the carbon cycle include photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and the burning of fossil fuels. The nitrogen cycle involves nitrogen fixation, decay, nitrification, and denitrification as microbes convert nitrogen between gas, organic, and inorganic forms. Human activities like burning fossil fuels are increasing carbon dioxide levels and affecting global climate.
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The ozone layer is situated 20-30 km above the Earth's surface and contains 90% of the atmospheric ozone. It is formed through photochemical reactions involving oxygen, molecular oxygen, UV radiation, and ozone. Chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone depleting chemicals released these reactions and led to thinning of the ozone layer, most pronounced in the lower stratosphere. Depletion of the ozone layer has negative effects on human health through increased UV exposure and impacts ecosystems and climate through changes in temperatures and CO2 absorption. The Montreal Protocol was enacted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances and has been successful in stabilizing and beginning to repair the ozone layer.
Powerpoint environment
The document summarizes key nutrient cycles (carbon, water, nitrogen) and their importance for organisms. It also discusses human impacts such as agriculture, pollution, and population growth on ecosystems. Specific pollutants are outlined like greenhouse gases, acid rain precursors, and nuclear fallout. Agriculture can involve deforestation, use of fertilizers and pesticides, and pollution from runoff.
Anne Michelle Lee - Assignment # 3
The document outlines a lesson plan for teaching 6th and 7th grade students about climate change and global warming. It includes defining key terms, watching videos to learn about causes and effects, class discussions, and a group activity using a Venn diagram to compare global warming and climate change. The lesson incorporates multiple instructional strategies like scaffolding, progressive disclosure, and addressing misconceptions to effectively engage students and meet the learning objectives.
Global warming
The document discusses the atmosphere and global warming. It outlines the key greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide that trap heat and are increasing due to human activities like burning fossil fuels. This greenhouse effect is causing global temperatures to rise and is affecting seasons, glaciers, sea levels, and plant and animal life. While natural factors influence the climate, human activities are the main driver of current global warming trends according to evidence like retreating glaciers and earlier seasonal changes. Individual actions like using energy efficient light bulbs and reducing packaging can help address the problem.
CHAPTER 7 AIR.pptx
Air is a mixture of gases composed primarily of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide and inert gases. It also contains water vapor, dust, and microorganisms. The composition of air enables important life processes like respiration and combustion to occur. Disruptions to natural cycles involving oxygen and carbon dioxide can contribute to issues like global warming and the greenhouse effect. Preventing air pollution through measures like prohibiting illegal logging and reducing vehicle emissions can help maintain these important gas cycles.
презентация1
The document discusses four environmental issues:
1) Acid rain is formed when sulfur and nitrogen oxides combine with water, forming acids that can damage structures, crops, forests and aquatic life.
2) The greenhouse effect refers to the atmosphere trapping heat from the sun, warming the Earth's surface. Increased CO2 and methane from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation enhance the greenhouse effect and global warming.
3) Sulfates and nitrates from air pollution impair visibility and increase illness from particulate matter.
4) Ultraviolet radiation from the sun has different types that can impact human health.
Environmental chemistry
1) The document discusses the composition of air and various methods to analyze its components, such as the copper oxide method to verify nitrogen content.
2) It also covers topics like the liquefaction process of air using fractional distillation to separate components by boiling point.
3) Additionally, it summarizes several primary air pollutants like carbon monoxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and sulfur dioxide; their sources and health effects; and some remedies for air pollution control.
Global warming
The document discusses global warming, its causes, impacts, and ways to prevent it. It defines global warming as the average increase in Earth's atmospheric temperature due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trapping heat. The causes include both natural factors like volcanic eruptions as well as human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Impacts range from rising sea levels and stronger hurricanes to health issues and extinction of species. The document provides recommendations for prevention such as using renewable energy, reducing waste, driving and flying less, and encouraging others to adopt more environmentally friendly behaviors.
Glbal warming
The document discusses global warming, defining it as the average increase in Earth's atmospheric temperature due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trapping heat. It notes global warming can have both natural causes like climate cycles and volcanic eruptions, as well as man-made causes such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agricultural activities. The impacts of global warming include rising sea levels, stronger hurricanes, droughts, and species extinction. The document provides recommendations for preventing further global warming through individual actions like using renewable energy, driving and flying less, planting trees, and encouraging others.
T.8 The atmosphere.pdf
The atmosphere is the gaseous layer surrounding the Earth. It is composed primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), along with smaller amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor. The atmosphere regulates the Earth's temperature and protects the surface from harmful radiation and meteorites. It also provides essential gases for life, such as oxygen for respiration and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. However, human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased greenhouse gases and depleted the ozone layer, contributing to issues like global warming, acid rain, and increased UV radiation at the surface.
gree.pptx
The document defines the greenhouse effect as a process where thermal radiation from the Earth's surface is absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and radiated in all directions. It discusses the different layers of the atmosphere and lists common greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. It then explains how increased CO2 from burning fossil fuels contributes to global warming by creating a carbon dioxide cycle and damaging the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from UV rays. The thinning ozone layer and climate change effects from the greenhouse effect include impacts to habitats, agriculture, and more extreme weather.
Ppt of es(final)
This document provides an overview of air pollution. It defines air pollution and lists both natural and man-made sources. The primary pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds are identified. Secondary pollutants like sulfuric acid and photochemical smog are also discussed. The effects of air pollution on human health, property, climate, and aesthetics are outlined. The document also summarizes four research papers on topics related to air pollution monitoring using smartphones, estimating health benefits of reduced air pollution, methodological challenges in air pollution epidemiology, and the relationship between housing, home heating and air quality from a public health perspective.
BIOGEOCHEMICAL_CYCLES.ppt
The document discusses several biogeochemical cycles including the hydrologic cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, and sulfur cycle. It notes how each cycle moves key elements through the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. It also describes some major human impacts on each cycle such as withdrawing fresh water, burning fossil fuels, using fertilizers, and emitting pollutants that can disrupt the natural cycling of elements. Understanding these biogeochemical cycles is important because they are integral to maintaining life on Earth.
macro air pollutant
This document discusses three macro air pollutants: acid rain, ozone depletion, and the greenhouse effect. It explains that acid rain is caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions reacting with water to form acids. It notes the main chemicals depleting the ozone layer are chlorofluorocarbons, aerosols, and halons. The greenhouse effect section outlines how greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap infrared radiation emitted from the Earth, warming the surface temperature beyond what it would be without an atmosphere.
Environmental biology water pollution & air pollution
Environmental biology water pollution & air pollutionDr.K.RameshKumar, Assistant Professor,Vivekananda College,Tiruvedakam West, Madurai
Undesirable changes occurring in water which may harmfully affect the life activities of man and domesticated species.
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Global warming is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from human activities like burning fossil fuels. This has led to increased average global temperatures and other effects like rising sea levels, stronger extreme weather events, and damage to ecosystems. The document discusses the history of climate change on Earth and examines the greenhouse effect. It outlines effects of global warming like losses of forests and wetlands, ocean acidification harming marine life, and melting Arctic sea ice and glaciers raising sea levels and threatening coastal communities and islands. Solutions proposed include reducing fossil fuel consumption, switching to more energy efficient technologies, and planting trees to absorb carbon dioxide.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
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Earth's atmosphere
- 1. Mrs. F. J. Beukes Hoërskool Generaal Hertzog
- 2. THE ATMOSPHERE Consist of: force. Nitrogen (78%) Most dense closest to Earth’s Oxygen (21%) surface. Water vapour Density decreases with height Carbon dioxide above surface. Ozone Held in place by gravitational FUNCTIONS: Source of oxygen – respiration Contains nitrogen Protein production Plant growth Contains carbon dioxide – photosynthesis Protection against UV radiation Decrease temperature range
- 3. GREENHOUSE EFFECT Human activities release carbon dioxide into atmosphere: •Combustion of fossil fuels Greenhouse gases in atmosphere absorb INFRARED •Industrial processes sun: radiation from the •Deforestation •Carbon dioxide – CO2 •Burning of wood 3 •Methane – CH •CoalWater vapour – H2O • mines consequences: Negative •Waste •Atmospheric temp. RISE •Ozone – O3 disposal • from •ManureSea level rise – ice at poles melt •CFC’s animals •Wind •Air pollution patterns change •containers/fridge coolants •Aerosol Existing species are forced out of natural habitat •Coral beds are destroyed •Agricultural yields are disturbed •Ideal conditions for breeding insects
- 4. WHAT? •Air polluted with gases… •…SO2, CO2 and Nox …gases react with rain and dilute acids form. CONSEQUENCES: •Lakes/rivers become acidic •Influence tree/plant growth •Destroy metal structures/buildings
- 5. Nitrogen 2. Source of oxygen for respiration. (78%) Contain nitrogen for plant growth. Contain carbon dioxide for Oxygen photosynthesis. (21%) Offer protection against UV Water radiation. vapour Decrease temperature range. Atmosphere 3.1 Oxygen Carbon 3.2 Nitrogen dioxide 3.3 Carbon dioxide 3.4 Ozone layer Ozone 3.5 Greenhouse effect 3.6 Carbon dioxide, Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides. Other gases