global warming, climate change effect, green house gases, prevention and control of global warming

1. Mrs.Jessy Jacob, Mrs.Puvaneswari, Mrs.Vijayalakshmi
Mrs.Subha, Mrs.Abinimol, Mrs.Sherin
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING DEPARTMENT
NARAYANA HRUDAYALAYA COLLEGE OF NURSING BANGALORE

2. INTRODUCTION
 One of the major environmental issues haunting people is
Global warming.
 Everyone agrees that our planet is getting warmer.
 Global Warming is one of the most dangerous situations, that the
earth has to suffer in the upcoming years
 It's very important to consider this problem, because it is the
problem of human existence.

3.  Global warming is a phrase that is used to describe the increase
in the earth ´s temperature.
 This rise in temperature is attributed to an increase in greenhouse
gases ( Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, methane)
 Levels of greenhouse gases have increased substantially over the
last century.
 A huge amount of carbon dioxide is spreading day by day in our
environment.

4. MEANING
Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the
atmosphere . It happens when greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide,
water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap heat and light
from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere. Global warming can
occur from a variety of causes, both natural and human induced .

5. Earth’s Atmospheric Gases
Non-
Nitrogen (N2) Greenhouse
Gases
Oxygen (O2) >99%
Argon (Ar)
Water (H2O)
Greenhouse
Gases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) <1%
Methane (CH4)

6. Report by fourth assessment-
IPCC
GAS PRE INDUSTRIAL CURRENT INCREASE
LEVEL LEVEL SINCE 1750
CARBONDIOXIDE 280PPM 396 PPM 116PPM
METHANE 700 PPB 1745 PPB 1045PPB
NITROUS OXIDE 270 PPB 314 PPB 44PPB
CFC 0 533 PPT 533PPT
•Nitrous oxide absorbs 270 times more heat per molecule than
carbon dioxide
•Methane absorbs 21 times more heat per molecule than carbon
dioxide.

7. GREEN HOUSE GASES
Greenhouse gases are those that can absorb and emit
infrared radiation . The primary greenhouse gases in the
Earth's atmosphere are
Water vapor
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Ozone.
Chlorofluorocarbons ( CFC)

8. GREEN HOUSE / GLASS HOUSE

9. Greenhouse
effect
The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation
from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse
gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this
re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower
atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface
temperature

11. CONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE GASES

12. CAUSES OF GLOBAL
WARMING
•Natural causes
•Man-made or anthropogenic
causes

13. Natural causes
Climate Change Cycles- There are Cycles of cooling and
cycles of warming every 40,000 years
Wetlands – It is characterized by water-logged soils that contributes
atmospheric methane by methanogenesis (occurs in oxygen poor
environments).

14. Tundra geography - Freezing ground releases a large and
unexpected burst of methane into the air.
Cattle - Cow releases 70 and 120 kg of Methane per year

15. Solar Cycles - High solar activity are on average 0.2°C
warmer than times of low solar activity
 Sunspots –Sunspots are relatively dark areas on the
radiating surface which elevates the radiating 'surface'
temperature

16.  Volcanoes- Volcanoes release SO2, Cl2, HCl, H2O, Ash,
and CO2 into the atmosphere. Over the past 100 years,
the earth has warmed about one degree Fahrenheit

17. MAN MADE CAUSES
 Power plant - Burning of fossil fuels (Coal, oil and natural gas)
for the purpose of electricity generation which releases carbon
dioxide carbon monoxide, methane, nitrous oxide.

18.  Transportation/ Air pollution - Emission from
motor fuel accounts for 60% of carbon emissions over
the past 20 years.

19. Increased Population leads to global warming
because of increased need for food production,
animals , transportation etc

20. Agriculture - Rice paddies, bovine flatulence, organic
matter in the soil etc releases methane to the atmosphere

21. Deforestation - 1.6 billion tones of greenhouse gases are
released into the atmosphere each year by deforestation .
Trees collect the CO2 and they give back oxygen .

22. Construction of Building-causes global warming
because
 The use of electricity increases
 Emits CO2 while preparing of raw materials for
building
 Garbage can liberate carbon dioxide and other gases

23. Fertilizers and Chemical Industry-
Thinning of ozone layer or ozone hole is due to man-made
chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFC )

24. Plastics
Manufacture of plastics uses a lot of energy and
releases pollutants.
 It do not biodegrade in the environment
Incineration produces more greenhouse gases.

26. Impact of global warming
Ice melting
The ice of the Arctic region is disappearing. Summer in the
Arctic could be ice free within 80 years. Melting of two massive
ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland, Leads to Rise in sea
levels

27.  Floods
Climate changes leads to warming of the sea.
The warm water take up more space than cool water
and surface level of sea’s increase.

28. Hurricanes
As the temperature of the oceans rises there is more
probability for frequent and stronger hurricanes

29. Extreme weather
 Erratic weather patterns that are increasingly being
recorded around the world .
 It leads to wildfires and tornadoes.
 In 2007, more than 3,000 fires brought destruction to
Southeastern Europe

30. Droughts and heat waves
Although some areas of Earth will become wetter due to
global warming, other areas will suffer serious droughts and
heat waves.

31. Diminished food and water supplies
Reduced rainfall, severe droughts and loss of soil fertility
affects food and water supplies
It leads to disease, malnutrition, starvation and, ultimately,
death

32. Tsunamis
 Extremely heavy, massive glaciers apply a considerable
amount of pressure to the Earth’s surface underneath them.
 Diminished glaciers causes‘ freeing up’ of tectonic masses
and leads to massive earthquakes and deadly tsunamis.

33. Increased volcanic activity
 Melting glaciers can cause frequent and more dangerous
episodes of volcanic activity
 It releases tons of gases and solids into the atmosphere

34. Acidic oceans
Higher levels of CO2 causes ocean acidification
 It is bad for coral reefs and other species.

35. Economic consequences
 Natural calamities like floods , hurricanes etc causes
damage to life, infrastructure etc
Billions of dollars are required for rehabilitation

36. Health consequences
 Vehicular fumes, industrial pollution and the stagnant hot air
associated with heat waves etc causes immediate and chronic
health problems such as emphysema, bronchitis and asthma

37. Outbreaks of deadly diseases
Diseases like Avian ‘Flu, Cholera, Plague and Tuberculosis will
be common.

38. Animal extinction
Polar Bears requires ice to live and
might eventually go extinct as ice melts
Sea turtles could go extinct as beaches
are flooded
Other species such as elephant may go extinct as
rainfall patterns change throughout the world

39. Animal attacks : Animals may leave their natural habitats
and come in contact with human settlements leading to many
deaths among humans

42. Largest glacier in South America is disappearing at a rate
of 200 meters each year.

43. Melting Glaciers – Mt. Kilimanjaro

49. PREVENTION

50. Eat fresh, local and seasonal foods
Reduces carbon dioxide emissions by avoiding long
distance transportation , cold storage etc

51. Use alternate energy sources
Electricity generation is the dominant industrial source of
CO2 emissions.
 In Alternate energy sources such as Hydroelectric
power, Solar ,Wind, Nuclear power etc CO2 emissions
are negligible because no fuels are burned.
Nuclear power : Releases one fiftieth of greenhouse
gas into the atmosphere when compared to a coal plant.

52. Landfill Gas
Causes nitrogen oxides as well as carbon dioxide emissions
The CO2 released from burning landfill gas is considered as a part
of the natural carbon cycle of the earth.
Producing electricity from landfill gas avoids the need to use non-
renewable resources to produce the same amount of electricity.
In addition, burning landfill gas prevents the release of methane, a
potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

53. Biomass power plants
Biomass power plants emit nitrogen oxides and a small
amount of sulfur dioxide.
 Burning of biomass produces carbon dioxide, but it is
considered as the part of the natural carbon cycle of the
earth.
 The plants take up carbon dioxide from the air while they
are growing and then return it to the air when they are
burned, thereby causing no net increase

54. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle waste
 Reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of
disposables.
 Buy products with minimal packaging
 Use cloth bags for shopping
 Donate unused house items rather than sending for land fill.
 Make best out of waste.
 Recycle paper, plastic newspaper, glass and aluminum cans.
 If you reduce your household garbage by 10
percent, you can save 1,200 pounds of carbon
dioxide annually.

55. Replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent
light (CFL) bulbs.
CFL
 uses two-thirds less energy
Give off 70 percent less heat.
Lasts 10 times longer than incandescent
bulbs

56. Minimize the use of electricity
Buy Energy-Efficient Products : Home appliances are now
available in a range of energy-efficient models.Replace old items
Avoid electronic exercising
Use full load while using dish washer or
washing machines. It saves energy, time and
water

57. Plant a Tree
During photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon
dioxide and give off oxygen.
 A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon
dioxide during its lifetime

58. Use "Off" Switch
Turn off lights when leave a room
Use only as much light as you need.
Turn off television, video player, stereo and
computer when not using them.
 Switch off electronic equipments such as T.V, computers ,
fan, lights etc. when not using it

59. Save water
 Reuse water
 Turn off the water when not using it.
 While brushing your teeth
 shampooing the pet
 washing car.
 Install low-flow toilets in the home, or put a bottle of
water in the tank of your current toilet. The space the bottle
takes up in the bottom of the tank will permit you to useless
water, but keep the toilet functioning.

60. Use Less Air Conditioning
Dress lightly when it is hot rather than using air conditioner
or fan
Dress warmly when it is warm rather than using heaters
Control your climate naturally. watch the temperature
outside and open and close the windows accordingly.
 Setting thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher
in summer could saves 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each
year.

61. Drive Less and Drive Smart
 Walk short distances rather than using vehicles
 Use energy efficient vehicles. Choose a vehicle that has
good mileage.
 keeping the tires properly inflated improves the mileage
more than 3 percent and also keeps 20 pounds of carbon
dioxide out of the atmosphere.
 Check out options for carpooling ,Public transport etc.
 Reduce air travel.

62. Encourage Others
Share information about recycling and energy conservation
with friends, neighbors and co-workers
Encourage public officials to establish programs and policies
that are good for the environment.

63. CONCLUSION
Global warming is a deep rooted problem, and only a
collective effort of humanity can reduce its effects.
Global warming won't disappear overnight, but if each of
us follows the measures mentioned above we can prevent
global warming to some extent.
For us and for our future generations, each of us must
make the decision to take whatever steps are necessary to
prevent global warming
Together we can make a difference!

64. THANK YOU