The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. ... Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
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The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere and terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. The majority of Earth's atmosphere (78%) is nitrogen, making it the largest pool of nitrogen. However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable nitrogen in many types of ecosystems. The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest to ecologists because nitrogen availability can affect the rate of key ecosystem processes, including primary production and decomposition. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle.
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. ... Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
Science 24-7 is another affiliate of sciencetutors and webscience. Please see more resources at www.sciencetutors.zoomshare.com
Email for all science24-7 correspondence is: sciencetutorshelpdesk@gmail.com
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere and terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. The majority of Earth's atmosphere (78%) is nitrogen, making it the largest pool of nitrogen. However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable nitrogen in many types of ecosystems. The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest to ecologists because nitrogen availability can affect the rate of key ecosystem processes, including primary production and decomposition. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle.
Ecophysiological Effects of Changing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ConcentrationAsad Afridi
this presentation is about Carbon Dioxide. different effects of carbon dioxide are discussed in this presentation. such as effects on different plants, animals and environment.
• Nutrient cycles referred to as biogeochemical cycles
• Gaseous forms of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen occur in the atmosphere and cycle globally
• Less mobile elements, including phosphorous, cycle on a more local level
• Still, gains and losses from outside of the ecosystem are generally small when compared to the rate at which nutrients are cycled within the system.
This presentation is all about:
1. Nitrogen Cycle
2. Microbial activities
3. Microbes involved
4. Restrictions
5. Mechanisms of N2 Cycle
Fixation
Ammonification
Nitrification
Dinitrification
This is not originally my own content thus usage as well modification of the content is not a problem from my side.
Regards,
M. Waqar Akhtar
Ecophysiological Effects of Changing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ConcentrationAsad Afridi
this presentation is about Carbon Dioxide. different effects of carbon dioxide are discussed in this presentation. such as effects on different plants, animals and environment.
• Nutrient cycles referred to as biogeochemical cycles
• Gaseous forms of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen occur in the atmosphere and cycle globally
• Less mobile elements, including phosphorous, cycle on a more local level
• Still, gains and losses from outside of the ecosystem are generally small when compared to the rate at which nutrients are cycled within the system.
This presentation is all about:
1. Nitrogen Cycle
2. Microbial activities
3. Microbes involved
4. Restrictions
5. Mechanisms of N2 Cycle
Fixation
Ammonification
Nitrification
Dinitrification
This is not originally my own content thus usage as well modification of the content is not a problem from my side.
Regards,
M. Waqar Akhtar
This is a comprehensive account of the nitrogen cycle in terrestrial environments. The nitrogen cycle is responsible for the circulation of nitrogen between inorganic and organic components of the environment.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
6. Nitrogen enters the soil through the
decomposition of protein in dead organic
matter
Amino acids + 11/2O2 CO2 + H2O + NH3 +
736kJ
This process liberates a lot of energy
which can be used by the saprotrophic
microbes
7. This involves two oxidation processes
The ammonia produced by ammonification is an energy
rich substrate for Nitrosomas bacteria
They oxidise it to nitrite:
NH3 + 11/2O2 NO2
- + H2O + 276kJ
This in turn provides a substrate for Nitrobacter
bacteria oxidise the nitrite to nitrate:
NO3
- + 1/2O2 NO3
- + 73 kJ
This energy is the only source of energy for these
prokaryotes
They are chemoautotrophs
8.
9. Electrical storms
Lightning provides sufficient energy to
split the nitrogen atoms of nitrogen gas,
Forming oxides of nitrogen NO3 and
NO2
12. Adding nitrate fertiliser clearly helps the growth of both
plants
The presence of microbes permits the peas to grow
much better than the oats
The peas grow better in the presence of the microbes
than they do with nitrate fertiliser added
The difference is due to the present of mutualistic
nitrogen fixing bacteria which live in the pea roots.
13. The Haber-Bosch Process
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 - 92kJ
The Haber process uses an iron catalyst
High temperatures (500°C)
High pressures (250 atmospheres)
The energy require comes from burning
fossil fuels (coal, gas or oil)
Hydrogen is produced from natural gas
(methane) or other hydrocarbon
14. This involves two oxidation processes
The ammonia produced by ammonification
is an energy rich substrate for Nitrosomas
bacteria
They oxidise it to nitrite:
NH3 + 11/2O2 NO2
- + H2O
+ 276kJ
This in turn provides a substrate for
Nitrobacter bacteria oxidise the nitrite to
nitrate:
NO3
- + 1/2O2 NO3
-
+ 73 kJ
This energy is the only source of energy
for these prokaryotes
They are chemoautotrophs
Out
gassing
18. Cyanobacteria are nitrogen fixers that also
fix carbon (these are photosynthetic)
Rhizobium bacteria are mutualistic with
certain plant species e.g. Legumes
They grow in root nodules
Azotobacter are bacteria associated with
the rooting zone (the rhizosphere) of plants
in grasslands
20. Sources of fixed nitrogen Production / M tonnes a-1
Biological 175
Industrial 50
Internal Combustion 20
Atmospheric 10
21. Nutrient enrichment of water bodies
Nitrates and ammonia are very soluble in
water
They are easily washed (leached) from free
draining soils
These soils tend to be deficient in nitrogen
When fertiliser is added to these soils it too
will be washed out into water bodies
There algae benefit from the extra nitrogen
This leads to a serious form of water
pollution
23. Increased Biochemical
Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Hot water
from industry
(Thermal
pollution)
Pollution
from oil or
detergents
Reduction in dissolved O2
Making things worse!
24. The death of a lake
Death/emigration
of freshwater
fauna
Increased nitrite
levels
NO3
- NO2
-
Reduction in dissolved O2
25. Food production relies heavily upon synthetic
fertilisers made by consuming a lot of fossil
energy
Food will become more expensive to produce
Nitrogen fixing microbes, using an enzyme
system, do the same process at standard
temperatures and pressures essentially using
solar energy
Answer: Genetically engineered biological
nitrogen fixation
