Oceanthon 2021
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Team Doris proposes a solution to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels by enhancing phytoplankton growth. They will synthesize an iron oxide-incorporated nano carbon dot composite from fish waste that is less than 10nm in size. This composite will be sprayed onto ocean surfaces to stimulate phytoplankton photosynthesis and absorb more carbon dioxide from the air. By boosting primary productivity, their approach aims to lower CO2 concentrations and mitigate climate change impacts while being environmentally friendly. Their novel use of fluorescent carbon dots could provide an improved method for iron fertilization experiments compared to previous techniques.
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Carbon Dioxide Fertilization
Carbon dioxide fertilization involves enriching greenhouse atmospheres with additional CO2 to boost plant growth and crop yields. Higher CO2 levels shift the activity of the enzyme rubisco to favor carbon fixation, leading to an average 33% increase in yields with a doubling of CO2 concentration. Commercial greenhouse operations commonly maintain CO2 levels between 1000 ppm for sunny conditions to 700 ppm for young plants or cloudy days to maximize photosynthesis and growth while minimizing ventilation needs. In addition to increased yields, higher CO2 can improve fruit sugar content, reduce acid levels, and enhance taste, growth rates, and time to flowering for some ornamental crops.
Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon through the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Carbon is exchanged through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and the weathering of rocks. Recently, the carbon cycle has become imbalanced due to human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation, which emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere faster than natural processes can reabsorb it. The excess carbon dioxide is causing global warming and has negative effects on plants, humans and the climate.
4.3 & 4.4 Notes
Guided notes covering material from Topics 4.3 and 4.4 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
Nanobubble
Dr. A. Lakshmanan and colleagues at TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India studied nanobubbles and their applications. Nanobubbles can remain stable for months unlike microbubbles. Methods to generate nanobubbles include hydrodynamic and nozzle injection techniques. Factors like gas type, pH, temperature, and time influence nanobubble stability. Nanobubbles have various applications in agriculture like oxygenating plant roots, in aquaculture, and hydroponics. They also aid in water treatment through processes like oxidation, flotation, and disinfection. Overall, nanobubble technologies provide benefits with less chemical use and have potential future applications.
REVIEW_ON_CONVERSION_OF_CO2_INTO_NEW_VALUABLE_FORM_ijariie2016
1) The document discusses various methods for converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable products and fuels to reduce CO2 emissions, including chemical looping combustion, CO2 conversion to fuels using chromium supports, burning magnesium metal in dry ice to produce graphene, electrochemical conversion to methanol and ethanol, and conversion using solar energy.
2) It reviews literature on these conversion methods and their products, like oxygen and fuels via chemical looping, alcohols using chromium-doped titanium supports, and graphene from burning magnesium in dry ice.
3) The effects of increased CO2 levels on humans, the environment, climate change and ocean acidification are also summarized. Converting CO2 into valuable fuels and chemicals using various catalytic
The Carbon Cycle
1) The carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon between living and non-living things through photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition.
2) Plants take in carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and release oxygen, while animals release carbon dioxide through respiration and taking in oxygen.
3) When organisms die, decomposers break down their remains and release carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, completing the carbon cycle.
Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, organisms, and Earth's surface. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and becomes part of their tissues, but is released back into the atmosphere through respiration and decay. Animals consume plant matter and their tissues also contain carbon, which is released during respiration. Fossil fuels also release carbon dioxide when burned, maintaining the cycle.
Co2 sequestration using ionic liquids.
This document discusses using ionic liquids for CO2 sequestration. It begins by providing background on global warming and evidence such as droughts and melting glaciers. It then discusses CO2's role in global warming by partially closing the water vapor window. The need for CO2 sequestration to reduce atmospheric levels is presented. Current CO2 capture systems like amine scrubbing are described along with their drawbacks. Ionic liquids are introduced as an alternative with properties like low vapor pressure and thermal stability. Methods of CO2 capture using ionic liquids like absorption and supported liquid membranes are overviewed. The document concludes ionic liquids have emerged as a novel media for CO2 capture compared to earlier strategies.
Recommended
Carbon Dioxide Fertilization
Carbon dioxide fertilization involves enriching greenhouse atmospheres with additional CO2 to boost plant growth and crop yields. Higher CO2 levels shift the activity of the enzyme rubisco to favor carbon fixation, leading to an average 33% increase in yields with a doubling of CO2 concentration. Commercial greenhouse operations commonly maintain CO2 levels between 1000 ppm for sunny conditions to 700 ppm for young plants or cloudy days to maximize photosynthesis and growth while minimizing ventilation needs. In addition to increased yields, higher CO2 can improve fruit sugar content, reduce acid levels, and enhance taste, growth rates, and time to flowering for some ornamental crops.
Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon through the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Carbon is exchanged through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and the weathering of rocks. Recently, the carbon cycle has become imbalanced due to human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation, which emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere faster than natural processes can reabsorb it. The excess carbon dioxide is causing global warming and has negative effects on plants, humans and the climate.
4.3 & 4.4 Notes
Guided notes covering material from Topics 4.3 and 4.4 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
Nanobubble
Dr. A. Lakshmanan and colleagues at TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India studied nanobubbles and their applications. Nanobubbles can remain stable for months unlike microbubbles. Methods to generate nanobubbles include hydrodynamic and nozzle injection techniques. Factors like gas type, pH, temperature, and time influence nanobubble stability. Nanobubbles have various applications in agriculture like oxygenating plant roots, in aquaculture, and hydroponics. They also aid in water treatment through processes like oxidation, flotation, and disinfection. Overall, nanobubble technologies provide benefits with less chemical use and have potential future applications.
REVIEW_ON_CONVERSION_OF_CO2_INTO_NEW_VALUABLE_FORM_ijariie2016
1) The document discusses various methods for converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable products and fuels to reduce CO2 emissions, including chemical looping combustion, CO2 conversion to fuels using chromium supports, burning magnesium metal in dry ice to produce graphene, electrochemical conversion to methanol and ethanol, and conversion using solar energy.
2) It reviews literature on these conversion methods and their products, like oxygen and fuels via chemical looping, alcohols using chromium-doped titanium supports, and graphene from burning magnesium in dry ice.
3) The effects of increased CO2 levels on humans, the environment, climate change and ocean acidification are also summarized. Converting CO2 into valuable fuels and chemicals using various catalytic
The Carbon Cycle
1) The carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon between living and non-living things through photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition.
2) Plants take in carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and release oxygen, while animals release carbon dioxide through respiration and taking in oxygen.
3) When organisms die, decomposers break down their remains and release carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, completing the carbon cycle.
Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, organisms, and Earth's surface. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and becomes part of their tissues, but is released back into the atmosphere through respiration and decay. Animals consume plant matter and their tissues also contain carbon, which is released during respiration. Fossil fuels also release carbon dioxide when burned, maintaining the cycle.
Co2 sequestration using ionic liquids.
This document discusses using ionic liquids for CO2 sequestration. It begins by providing background on global warming and evidence such as droughts and melting glaciers. It then discusses CO2's role in global warming by partially closing the water vapor window. The need for CO2 sequestration to reduce atmospheric levels is presented. Current CO2 capture systems like amine scrubbing are described along with their drawbacks. Ionic liquids are introduced as an alternative with properties like low vapor pressure and thermal stability. Methods of CO2 capture using ionic liquids like absorption and supported liquid membranes are overviewed. The document concludes ionic liquids have emerged as a novel media for CO2 capture compared to earlier strategies.
4.3 carbon cycle
The document discusses carbon cycling in ecosystems. It provides 10 understandings about carbon cycling, including that autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into organic carbon compounds, carbon dioxide diffuses into and out of organisms, methane is produced under anaerobic conditions, and fossil fuels are the product of ancient organic matter. Maintaining the carbon cycle through these processes is essential for continued availability of carbon in ecosystems.
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Carbon and nitrogen cycles are essential biogeochemical cycles. The carbon cycle involves carbon dioxide being absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and released through respiration and decomposition. Carbon is also stored in oceans, soils, fossil fuels and released through burning. The nitrogen cycle converts nitrogen gas to organic and inorganic forms through fixation, assimilation, ammonification, nitrification and denitrification. The hydrological cycle involves evaporation from oceans forming clouds that precipitate over land as runoff and groundwater, returning to oceans to repeat the cycle.
Zhu2020
This document describes a study that aimed to select Spirulina strains with high CO2 fixation capabilities for large-scale cultivation. Nine Spirulina species were screened in column bioreactors with 10% CO2 addition. Strains 208 and 220 were selected and optimized in 4 m2 raceway ponds for pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, and phosphate levels. The optimized conditions were then used to cultivate the two strains on a large scale of 605 m2 raceway ponds aerated with purified CO2 from a coal plant, achieving daily biomass production of up to 18.7 and 13.2 g/m2.
Nitrogen and carbon cycle
The document discusses the nitrogen and carbon cycles. It provides details on the key processes in each cycle, including photosynthesis, fixation, mineralization, nutrition, and denitrification for nitrogen. For carbon, it discusses photosynthesis, decomposition, and the role of plants, animals, and soil respiration. It also compares the two cycles, noting nitrogen is involved in recycling nitrogen in ecosystems while carbon dioxide released from burning fossil fuels is contributing to global warming. The document aims to explain the essential roles of nitrogen and carbon in ecosystems.
Poster new new
The document discusses a study on the effect of adding hydrogen in the form of micro-bubbles to an anaerobic digestion system. The study aimed to evaluate methane production. Key findings from preliminary results include: 1) methane production is possible with hydrogen introduction, 2) various parameters like pH and temperature affect microbial reactions, and 3) further study of volatile fatty acid production is needed since methane is primarily from acetic acid. The document provides background on anaerobic digestion and microbubble technology, and experimental methods for the study.
4.4 climate change
The document discusses greenhouse gases and their effect on climate change. It states that carbon dioxide and water vapor are the most significant greenhouse gases, trapping heat in the atmosphere and influencing global temperatures. While the levels of these gases have varied over hundreds of thousands of years, since the industrial revolution the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has risen sharply due to fossil fuel combustion, correlating with increased global temperatures. However, some groups remain unconvinced that human emissions are the primary cause of current climate change.
About Ozone - Ozone Engineers
Ozone is a powerful oxidizer and disinfectant generated through an electrical process that breaks apart oxygen molecules. It is an unstable form of oxygen with three atoms rather than the two in regular oxygen. This third oxygen atom gives ozone its reactivity and ability to kill bacteria and viruses faster than chlorine. As an oxidizer, ozone breaks down organic compounds and is widely used for water and wastewater treatment, improving quality. It can also be used to purify air, extend the shelf-life of food, and sanitize surfaces in various industries without producing harmful byproducts.
Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon through Earth's atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living things. Carbon is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and enters the biosphere, and is released back into the atmosphere through respiration and decomposition. Burning fossil fuels has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, contributing to global climate change. The carbon cycle is essential for life and affects Earth's climate.
Novel IOnic LIquid and supported ionic liquid solvents for reversible CAPture...
Novel IOnic LIquid and supported ionic liquid solvents for reversible CAPture...UK Carbon Capture and Storage Research Centre
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The document discusses the carbon/oxygen cycle which involves four main processes:
1. Photosynthesis where plants take in carbon dioxide and water to release oxygen and sugar using energy from the sun.
2. Respiration where animals take in oxygen and sugars to release carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
3. Combustion which is the burning of fossil fuels like coal, gas, and oil, releasing carbon dioxide. This over-contribution of carbon dioxide is accelerating global warming.
4. Decomposition where dead plants and animals are broken down by insects, fungi and bacteria, returning carbon and other elements to the soil and air.
Carbon cycle ppt
The document summarizes the carbon cycle, which is the process by which carbon atoms are recycled through biotic and abiotic parts of the environment. It involves photosynthesis by autotrophs like plants, which use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce sugars and oxygen. Heterotrophs like animals then consume the sugars through cellular respiration, releasing carbon dioxide and water. Carbon is also stored both inorganically in the atmosphere, oceans, soil and organically in living things.
Oxygen history, evolution, production, industrial uses steel production, rock...
Oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas that comprises 22% of the air and is essential for human life. It is produced commercially via cryogenic distillation that separates oxygen from other air components. Oxygen has numerous industrial uses including in steel production, welding, rocket fuel, and medical applications. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen can be toxic to humans. Common materials for oxygen storage and transport include stainless steel and alloys.
Effect of Culture Medium for Marine Microalgae
Allen and Arnon medium produces higher cyanobacteria concentration compared to BG-11 medium. (Berberoglu et al., 2008)
Macroalgae culture requires higher concentration of vitamins than microalgae cultures.
Microalgae cultured on different medium shows no morphological differences.
Artificial and enriched medium have higher concentration than marine environment.
Ammonium concentration higher than 25 µM is toxic to some species.
Medium composition may affect cellular composition specifically lutein and fatty acid (eicosapentaenoic acid) (Seto et al., 1984; Miron et al., 2008)
Undergraduate Research
This document summarizes an experiment that tested the effectiveness of using iron nanoparticles and the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa to reduce nitrate levels in water. Milo seed was gasified using a process called ChemChar to produce activated carbon, which was then used to create zero-valent iron nanoparticles. These nanoparticles and bacteria were combined with nitrate solutions at different temperatures and concentrations. The results showed no significant change in nitrate or ammonia levels under the various test conditions.
Oxygen demand
The document discusses adverse effects of oxygen demanding waste. It defines biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) as the amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic matter in waste. High BOD levels can deplete oxygen in water bodies, harming aquatic life. The document outlines several factors that can contribute to high BOD, such as temperature increases promoting faster microbial growth, and eutrophication from excess nutrients causing algal blooms. Improper waste disposal such as littering and inadequate treatment of sewage and industrial runoff introduces oxygen-depleting organic matter into the environment.
Nano in Air
Nanotechnology can be used to clean the air through various applications. Some key points:
1. Nanoparticles like titanium dioxide can be used in photocatalytic filters to break down air pollutants like VOCs, NOx, and pathogens into harmless byproducts like water and carbon dioxide when exposed to light.
2. Other nanomaterials like gold-embedded manganese oxide have been shown to effectively remove common indoor air pollutants like acetaldehyde, toluene, and hexane at room temperature.
3. Nanotechnology allows more effective air filtration and purification systems to be developed for indoor and outdoor applications to improve air quality.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...
In this paper, the effect of copper oxide coated kaolinite on mercury (II) removal based on initial metal concentration, particle concentration, and prolonged residence time have been investigated. Experimental methods involved batch mode techniques at ambient temperature. The content was analysed for Hg(II) adsorbed, using standard laboratory procedures. Here, using empirical models derived from Freundlich isotherm, adsorption capacity increased from 300 to 400 mg/kg over the range of initial metal concentration investigated. The complex behavior of existing reactive sites and the generation of new active sites accounted for these changes in adsorption capacity. Increase in particle concentration led to decrease in adsorption. This was over the range of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 gL-1 solid concentration. Higher Cp reduced the specific surface area for adsorption. Hg(II) ions removal increased with increase in residence time. The most efficient ratio of Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite was at 0.002kgL-1 at 40mgL-1 mercury concentration. Values of between 600 to 900 mg/kg for Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite was higher when compared with the uncoated kaolinite. As ageing was increased, hydroxylation probably increased thus leading to the formation of new reactive sites.
Effect of oxygen concentration on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. at low li...
This paper reviewed the effect of oxygen concentration on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. at low light intensity. The experiment manipulated the dissolved oxygen level from 25% to 300% air saturation in a flat panel photobioreactor. The results showed that increasing the oxygen concentration from 20% to 75% air saturation had no obvious effect on the microalgae's specific growth rate. To improve productivity, the oxygen level needs to be controlled. Further research is needed to investigate the synergistic effects of high irradiance and oxygen concentration on optimizing microalgae growth and productivity in closed photobioreactors.
Low Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater in Bangladesh
Low-Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater
Jeremy Kozub*, Kevin Banahan*, Jesse Amsel*
*Wentworth Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering Program, Class of 2005 (Jack Duggan, Ph.D., P.E., faculty advisor)
For this project, a student team designed and evaluated treatment alternatives for the removal of arsenic from groundwater used in developing countries. The application of sorption technologies was evaluated using bench-scale testing of a range of sorption materials, support media and differing contact geometries. Sorption capacity of treatment units were designed to accommodate the daily consumption of individual families using a community well in Bangladesh.
Until the early 1990's, there was little awareness that groundwater in Bangladesh contained high levels of arsenic. The adverse health affects of chronic exposure to arsenic are well documented. Although current technologies to treat arsenic in groundwater exist, there are economic, social and cultural factors that prevent these technologies from being used in Bangladesh. This project focused on developing a low-cost alternative technology that could be readily assembled and implemented by local villagers.
As a capstone project for the environmental engineering program at Wentworth of Technology, this project has been performed by three students under the supervision of a faculty advisor. Students applied previous coursework in the areas of economics, engineering theory and application, design, communication skills and ethical principles to complete this project. The project was performed in collaboration with external non-profit and non-governmental organizations. The goal of this project is to further develop the creation of a low-cost system that will become available to large populations of those in need.
The origin and geological history of oxygen
Oxygen third most profusely found element in the universe Commercially, oxygen can be prepared by the process of liquefaction and fractional distillation of air and through electrolysis of water
Carbon sequestartion.ppt
This document discusses various methods of carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change, including capturing CO2 from power plant flue gases using chemical absorption with amines, enhancing soil carbon through agricultural practices like no-till farming, storing CO2 in geological formations like depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and increasing terrestrial carbon sinks in forests, soils, and other ecosystems. The large-scale potential of carbon sequestration makes it an important tool for reducing CO2 emissions while still allowing continued fossil fuel usage.
CARBON_SEQUESTRATION in a unique way and more
Carbon sequestration describes long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to mitigate climate change. The document discusses various carbon sequestration methods including ocean, terrestrial, geological, and mineral sequestration. Ocean sequestration involves direct injection of CO2 into the deep ocean or ocean iron fertilization to promote photosynthesis. Terrestrial sequestration uses plants and soils to capture carbon from the atmosphere. Geological sequestration involves injecting CO2 underground into deep rock formations for permanent storage. The document also provides two case studies, one on mangrove forest carbon sequestration in the Philippines and another on soil carbon sequestration through grassland restoration in the United
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4.3 carbon cycle
The document discusses carbon cycling in ecosystems. It provides 10 understandings about carbon cycling, including that autotrophs convert carbon dioxide into organic carbon compounds, carbon dioxide diffuses into and out of organisms, methane is produced under anaerobic conditions, and fossil fuels are the product of ancient organic matter. Maintaining the carbon cycle through these processes is essential for continued availability of carbon in ecosystems.
Carbon trading, Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Hydrological cycle
Carbon and nitrogen cycles are essential biogeochemical cycles. The carbon cycle involves carbon dioxide being absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and released through respiration and decomposition. Carbon is also stored in oceans, soils, fossil fuels and released through burning. The nitrogen cycle converts nitrogen gas to organic and inorganic forms through fixation, assimilation, ammonification, nitrification and denitrification. The hydrological cycle involves evaporation from oceans forming clouds that precipitate over land as runoff and groundwater, returning to oceans to repeat the cycle.
Zhu2020
This document describes a study that aimed to select Spirulina strains with high CO2 fixation capabilities for large-scale cultivation. Nine Spirulina species were screened in column bioreactors with 10% CO2 addition. Strains 208 and 220 were selected and optimized in 4 m2 raceway ponds for pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, and phosphate levels. The optimized conditions were then used to cultivate the two strains on a large scale of 605 m2 raceway ponds aerated with purified CO2 from a coal plant, achieving daily biomass production of up to 18.7 and 13.2 g/m2.
Nitrogen and carbon cycle
The document discusses the nitrogen and carbon cycles. It provides details on the key processes in each cycle, including photosynthesis, fixation, mineralization, nutrition, and denitrification for nitrogen. For carbon, it discusses photosynthesis, decomposition, and the role of plants, animals, and soil respiration. It also compares the two cycles, noting nitrogen is involved in recycling nitrogen in ecosystems while carbon dioxide released from burning fossil fuels is contributing to global warming. The document aims to explain the essential roles of nitrogen and carbon in ecosystems.
Poster new new
The document discusses a study on the effect of adding hydrogen in the form of micro-bubbles to an anaerobic digestion system. The study aimed to evaluate methane production. Key findings from preliminary results include: 1) methane production is possible with hydrogen introduction, 2) various parameters like pH and temperature affect microbial reactions, and 3) further study of volatile fatty acid production is needed since methane is primarily from acetic acid. The document provides background on anaerobic digestion and microbubble technology, and experimental methods for the study.
4.4 climate change
The document discusses greenhouse gases and their effect on climate change. It states that carbon dioxide and water vapor are the most significant greenhouse gases, trapping heat in the atmosphere and influencing global temperatures. While the levels of these gases have varied over hundreds of thousands of years, since the industrial revolution the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has risen sharply due to fossil fuel combustion, correlating with increased global temperatures. However, some groups remain unconvinced that human emissions are the primary cause of current climate change.
About Ozone - Ozone Engineers
Ozone is a powerful oxidizer and disinfectant generated through an electrical process that breaks apart oxygen molecules. It is an unstable form of oxygen with three atoms rather than the two in regular oxygen. This third oxygen atom gives ozone its reactivity and ability to kill bacteria and viruses faster than chlorine. As an oxidizer, ozone breaks down organic compounds and is widely used for water and wastewater treatment, improving quality. It can also be used to purify air, extend the shelf-life of food, and sanitize surfaces in various industries without producing harmful byproducts.
Carbon cycle
The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon through Earth's atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living things. Carbon is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and enters the biosphere, and is released back into the atmosphere through respiration and decomposition. Burning fossil fuels has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, contributing to global climate change. The carbon cycle is essential for life and affects Earth's climate.
Novel IOnic LIquid and supported ionic liquid solvents for reversible CAPture...
Novel IOnic LIquid and supported ionic liquid solvents for reversible CAPture...UK Carbon Capture and Storage Research Centre
Presentation given by George Romanos of the National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos” (NCSRD), Greece, on "Novel IOnic LIquid and supported ionic liquid solvents for reversible CAPture of CO2- IOLICAP" at the EC FP7 Projects: Leading the way in CCS implementation event, London, 14-15 April 2014Carbon-Oxygen Cycle
The document discusses the carbon/oxygen cycle which involves four main processes:
1. Photosynthesis where plants take in carbon dioxide and water to release oxygen and sugar using energy from the sun.
2. Respiration where animals take in oxygen and sugars to release carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
3. Combustion which is the burning of fossil fuels like coal, gas, and oil, releasing carbon dioxide. This over-contribution of carbon dioxide is accelerating global warming.
4. Decomposition where dead plants and animals are broken down by insects, fungi and bacteria, returning carbon and other elements to the soil and air.
Carbon cycle ppt
The document summarizes the carbon cycle, which is the process by which carbon atoms are recycled through biotic and abiotic parts of the environment. It involves photosynthesis by autotrophs like plants, which use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce sugars and oxygen. Heterotrophs like animals then consume the sugars through cellular respiration, releasing carbon dioxide and water. Carbon is also stored both inorganically in the atmosphere, oceans, soil and organically in living things.
Oxygen history, evolution, production, industrial uses steel production, rock...
Oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas that comprises 22% of the air and is essential for human life. It is produced commercially via cryogenic distillation that separates oxygen from other air components. Oxygen has numerous industrial uses including in steel production, welding, rocket fuel, and medical applications. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen can be toxic to humans. Common materials for oxygen storage and transport include stainless steel and alloys.
Effect of Culture Medium for Marine Microalgae
Allen and Arnon medium produces higher cyanobacteria concentration compared to BG-11 medium. (Berberoglu et al., 2008)
Macroalgae culture requires higher concentration of vitamins than microalgae cultures.
Microalgae cultured on different medium shows no morphological differences.
Artificial and enriched medium have higher concentration than marine environment.
Ammonium concentration higher than 25 µM is toxic to some species.
Medium composition may affect cellular composition specifically lutein and fatty acid (eicosapentaenoic acid) (Seto et al., 1984; Miron et al., 2008)
Undergraduate Research
This document summarizes an experiment that tested the effectiveness of using iron nanoparticles and the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa to reduce nitrate levels in water. Milo seed was gasified using a process called ChemChar to produce activated carbon, which was then used to create zero-valent iron nanoparticles. These nanoparticles and bacteria were combined with nitrate solutions at different temperatures and concentrations. The results showed no significant change in nitrate or ammonia levels under the various test conditions.
Oxygen demand
The document discusses adverse effects of oxygen demanding waste. It defines biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) as the amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic matter in waste. High BOD levels can deplete oxygen in water bodies, harming aquatic life. The document outlines several factors that can contribute to high BOD, such as temperature increases promoting faster microbial growth, and eutrophication from excess nutrients causing algal blooms. Improper waste disposal such as littering and inadequate treatment of sewage and industrial runoff introduces oxygen-depleting organic matter into the environment.
Nano in Air
Nanotechnology can be used to clean the air through various applications. Some key points:
1. Nanoparticles like titanium dioxide can be used in photocatalytic filters to break down air pollutants like VOCs, NOx, and pathogens into harmless byproducts like water and carbon dioxide when exposed to light.
2. Other nanomaterials like gold-embedded manganese oxide have been shown to effectively remove common indoor air pollutants like acetaldehyde, toluene, and hexane at room temperature.
3. Nanotechnology allows more effective air filtration and purification systems to be developed for indoor and outdoor applications to improve air quality.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...
In this paper, the effect of copper oxide coated kaolinite on mercury (II) removal based on initial metal concentration, particle concentration, and prolonged residence time have been investigated. Experimental methods involved batch mode techniques at ambient temperature. The content was analysed for Hg(II) adsorbed, using standard laboratory procedures. Here, using empirical models derived from Freundlich isotherm, adsorption capacity increased from 300 to 400 mg/kg over the range of initial metal concentration investigated. The complex behavior of existing reactive sites and the generation of new active sites accounted for these changes in adsorption capacity. Increase in particle concentration led to decrease in adsorption. This was over the range of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 gL-1 solid concentration. Higher Cp reduced the specific surface area for adsorption. Hg(II) ions removal increased with increase in residence time. The most efficient ratio of Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite was at 0.002kgL-1 at 40mgL-1 mercury concentration. Values of between 600 to 900 mg/kg for Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite was higher when compared with the uncoated kaolinite. As ageing was increased, hydroxylation probably increased thus leading to the formation of new reactive sites.
Effect of oxygen concentration on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. at low li...
This paper reviewed the effect of oxygen concentration on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. at low light intensity. The experiment manipulated the dissolved oxygen level from 25% to 300% air saturation in a flat panel photobioreactor. The results showed that increasing the oxygen concentration from 20% to 75% air saturation had no obvious effect on the microalgae's specific growth rate. To improve productivity, the oxygen level needs to be controlled. Further research is needed to investigate the synergistic effects of high irradiance and oxygen concentration on optimizing microalgae growth and productivity in closed photobioreactors.
Low Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater in Bangladesh
Low-Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater
Jeremy Kozub*, Kevin Banahan*, Jesse Amsel*
*Wentworth Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering Program, Class of 2005 (Jack Duggan, Ph.D., P.E., faculty advisor)
For this project, a student team designed and evaluated treatment alternatives for the removal of arsenic from groundwater used in developing countries. The application of sorption technologies was evaluated using bench-scale testing of a range of sorption materials, support media and differing contact geometries. Sorption capacity of treatment units were designed to accommodate the daily consumption of individual families using a community well in Bangladesh.
Until the early 1990's, there was little awareness that groundwater in Bangladesh contained high levels of arsenic. The adverse health affects of chronic exposure to arsenic are well documented. Although current technologies to treat arsenic in groundwater exist, there are economic, social and cultural factors that prevent these technologies from being used in Bangladesh. This project focused on developing a low-cost alternative technology that could be readily assembled and implemented by local villagers.
As a capstone project for the environmental engineering program at Wentworth of Technology, this project has been performed by three students under the supervision of a faculty advisor. Students applied previous coursework in the areas of economics, engineering theory and application, design, communication skills and ethical principles to complete this project. The project was performed in collaboration with external non-profit and non-governmental organizations. The goal of this project is to further develop the creation of a low-cost system that will become available to large populations of those in need.
The origin and geological history of oxygen
Oxygen third most profusely found element in the universe Commercially, oxygen can be prepared by the process of liquefaction and fractional distillation of air and through electrolysis of water
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Carbon trading, Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Hydrological cycle
Carbon trading, Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Hydrological cycle
Novel IOnic LIquid and supported ionic liquid solvents for reversible CAPture...
Novel IOnic LIquid and supported ionic liquid solvents for reversible CAPture...
Oxygen history, evolution, production, industrial uses steel production, rock...
Oxygen history, evolution, production, industrial uses steel production, rock...
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...
Effect of oxygen concentration on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. at low li...
Effect of oxygen concentration on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. at low li...
Low Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater in Bangladesh
Low Cost Design of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater in Bangladesh
Similar to Oceanthon 2021
Carbon sequestartion.ppt
This document discusses various methods of carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change, including capturing CO2 from power plant flue gases using chemical absorption with amines, enhancing soil carbon through agricultural practices like no-till farming, storing CO2 in geological formations like depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and increasing terrestrial carbon sinks in forests, soils, and other ecosystems. The large-scale potential of carbon sequestration makes it an important tool for reducing CO2 emissions while still allowing continued fossil fuel usage.
CARBON_SEQUESTRATION in a unique way and more
Carbon sequestration describes long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to mitigate climate change. The document discusses various carbon sequestration methods including ocean, terrestrial, geological, and mineral sequestration. Ocean sequestration involves direct injection of CO2 into the deep ocean or ocean iron fertilization to promote photosynthesis. Terrestrial sequestration uses plants and soils to capture carbon from the atmosphere. Geological sequestration involves injecting CO2 underground into deep rock formations for permanent storage. The document also provides two case studies, one on mangrove forest carbon sequestration in the Philippines and another on soil carbon sequestration through grassland restoration in the United
Powerpt thesis
The document discusses a study evaluating the effectiveness of in situ immobilization of heavy metals like cadmium and zinc in contaminated soils from the Campine region of Belgium. Several soil amendments including biochar, compost, phosphate sludge, digestate, bioterra, calcium carbonate and slovakite were mixed with the soils and their ability to immobilize heavy metals and promote bean plant growth was tested. The results showed that bioterra and slovakite were the most effective amendments, increasing soil pH, immobilizing heavy metals, and producing the highest bean biomass and lowest heavy metal concentrations in the plants. The study provides useful insights but could be improved by conducting experiments under field conditions and evaluating long-term impacts on
Carbon sequestration
Carbon sequestration involves capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide and storing it in stable forms to prevent its contribution to global warming. There are several strategies for carbon sequestration, including biological methods like photosynthesis by plants and ocean fertilization, as well as non-biological approaches like storing CO2 in oceans, underground geological formations, or chemically converting it into carbonate minerals. Combining different carbon sequestration strategies is necessary for efficiently reducing atmospheric CO2 levels in a sustainable way.
Controling Co2
The document discusses the need to control CO2 emissions and various methods for doing so. It explains that CO2 and other greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and are causing global climate change. It then outlines different technologies for capturing CO2 from power plants, such as solvent absorption and membrane separation. Finally, it discusses options for storing captured CO2 underground or in the oceans and shifting to non-fossil energy sources like solar, wind and geothermal to reduce CO2 emissions.
Carbon Sequestration the Need of Humanity
Carbon sequestration is the process involved in carbon capture and the long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO
2)[1] and may refer specifically to:
"The process of removing carbon from the atmosphere and depositing it in a reservoir."[4] When carried out deliberately, this may also be referred to as carbon dioxide removal, which is a form of geoengineering.
Carbon capture and storage, where carbon dioxide is removed from flue gases (e.g., at power stations) before being stored in underground reservoirs.
Natural biogeochemical cycling of carbon between the atmosphere and reservoirs, such as by chemical weathering of rocks.
Biology Form 4 Chapter 9 : 9.2-9.3 Endangered Ecosystem
This document discusses endangered ecosystems and the depletion of the ozone layer. It explains that CFCs released into the atmosphere rise to the stratosphere where they destroy ozone molecules, creating a hole in the ozone layer. This thinning of the ozone layer allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing health risks like skin cancer. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have led countries to reduce CFC use and find alternatives to protect the ozone layer over time. Loss of habitat and overhunting have also endangered many species, so conservation efforts aim to preserve biodiversity through protected areas and sustainable use of resources.
CO2 capturing & sequestration process- CCS
The seminar discusses carbon dioxide capturing and sequestration (CCS) technologies. It identifies major sources of CO2 emissions and explains the CCS process involving carbon capture, transportation, and storage. Methods of carbon capture discussed include pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-combustion approaches. Storage options covered are terrestrial sequestration in plants/soil, geological sequestration underground, and ocean sequestration. The seminar also addresses environmental impacts of CCS, the current maturity of CCS systems, and the potential of direct air capture technologies to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels.
Carbon sequestration and its types
about...Carbon sequestration, Co2 capture technology, types of carbon sequestration, Co2 separation, carbon sources and carbon sinks, benefits of soil sequestration of carbon, conclution.
Pp 605
This document discusses greenhouse gases and climate change. It begins by defining greenhouse gases and explaining how their concentrations in the atmosphere are increasing due to human activities like burning fossil fuels. It then discusses different greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. It explains factors driving emissions and concentrations of these gases. The document also discusses the Kyoto Protocol, carbon trading, and the Clean Development Mechanism as global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It concludes by mentioning the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite, which monitors greenhouse gases from space.
FuriPoster.NancyFujikado
This document summarizes a study on using mechanically-activated wollastonite to sequester CO2 through mineral carbonation as a replacement for Portland cement. The process involves:
1) Mechanically activating wollastonite powder in a ball mill to achieve an amorphous structure favorable for carbonation.
2) Reacting the activated wollastonite with CO2 under controlled conditions.
3) Analyzing the products using XRD and SEM to determine if carbonation occurred and which samples could potentially substitute for cement. Further mechanical testing is needed to verify substitutability. The goal is to decrease CO2 emissions from cement production while creating a more sustainable cement alternative.
Stockholm environment institute (ccac november 2012)
1) Implementing 16 measures to reduce short-lived climate pollutants like black carbon, methane and tropospheric ozone could reduce global warming by 0.5°C by 2050, slowing the rate of near-term warming.
2) Reducing these pollutants through measures like improved cookstoves, landfill gas recovery, and fugitive methane emission controls provides both climate and health benefits, avoiding 2.4 million premature deaths annually globally.
3) Latin America and the Caribbean would see significant benefits from reducing short-lived climate pollutants, including reduced warming of 0.5°C by 2050, avoided crop losses, and 39,000 fewer premature deaths each year
CHAPTER 7 AIR.pptx
Air is a mixture of gases composed primarily of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide and inert gases. It also contains water vapor, dust, and microorganisms. The composition of air enables important life processes like respiration and combustion to occur. Disruptions to natural cycles involving oxygen and carbon dioxide can contribute to issues like global warming and the greenhouse effect. Preventing air pollution through measures like prohibiting illegal logging and reducing vehicle emissions can help maintain these important gas cycles.
Carbon sequestration in soil
This document discusses carbon sequestration in soil. It aims to reduce greenhouse gases in the air by capturing carbon in stable forms in soil. This improves soil structure and fertility, leading to increased crop yields. Methods of soil carbon sequestration include ocean storage, geological injection, and terrestrial sequestration. Case studies examine using models to predict global sequestration rates and the impact of tillage practices and cover crops on soil organic carbon levels. Implementing recommended land management practices can help sequester carbon in Indian agricultural and grassland soils.
Vani Agarwal Assignment
Energy & Environmental Engineering: Greenhouse Effect Introduction Greenhouses Greenhouse Effect Greenhouses gases Causes Use of Fertilizers Industrial Processes Effects Coral Bleaching Ocean Acidification Carbon Footprint Controls Paris/COP Agreement Greta Thunberg(Swedish Climate Activist) College Presentation SYSITS
HMET.pptx
Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane absorb and emit radiation within the Earth's atmosphere, causing the greenhouse effect which maintains a habitable average temperature of 15°C. Natural sources include respiration and volcanic eruptions, but human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation have increased greenhouse gas levels. Plants and soils act as carbon sinks by absorbing carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. Rising CO2 levels affect plant physiology and biochemistry differently for C3 and C4 plants, generally increasing photosynthesis but decreasing seed germination and food quality.
Ppt presentation
Carbon and oxygen are two of the most abundant elements on Earth. Carbon is found in all living things and is the basis of organic molecules. It cycles continuously between the atmosphere, living things, oceans, and geologic reservoirs. Oxygen is produced through photosynthesis and is essential for cellular respiration. It cycles between the atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere through natural processes. Disruptions to these elemental cycles can impact climate and ecosystems.
NIAZ Presentation_ENV Issue
The document discusses several key environmental issues including pollution, global warming, the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, and the depletion of natural resources. It notes that while natural environmental changes have occurred in the past, human activities like rising population and industrial expansion have now greatly impacted the global environment. Major pollutants like carbon emissions from industry and vehicles have contributed to issues such as climate change, air pollution, and the greenhouse effect trapping heat in the atmosphere. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol have aimed to regulate pollutants and mitigate these environmental problems.
Codes, Carbon and Construction: Opportunities for Wood in the 21st Century
Presentation by Peter Moonen—Sustainability Coordinator, Woodworks BC/Canadian Wood Council—to the Private Forest Landowners Association at their 18th annual forestry conference in Nanaimo, BC on June 20th, 2103.
climate change and greenhouse gases ,carbon sequestration,
CLIMATE CHANGE AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION,Mitigatory measure to reduce the effects of greenhouse gases in the atmospere
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Biology Form 4 Chapter 9 : 9.2-9.3 Endangered Ecosystem
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Oceanthon 2021
- 1. TEAM DORIS Iron oxide incorporated nano carbon dot
- 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT THE GLOBAL CRISIS MUST BE TREATED TO MAINTAIN OUR PLANET GREEN. The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is doubled last 100 years leads to • Ocean Acidification • Green house effect • Global warming • Hazardous climate change • Irregularity in food web
- 3. SOCIAL CAUSE 1. Carbon dioxide concentration is increasing : One of the major consumer of CO2 is phytoplankton for their photosynthesis. 2. Increased phytoplankton production through iron experiments is failed . 3. Struggle to develop a proper remedy pattern . There comes our Idea : Iron oxide incorporated Nano Carbon dot
- 4. Carbon Nanodots (CND) synthesized from Fish waste Nano Fe- oxide CND-FeO Composite •Discovered accidently during the purification of single walled carbon nanotubes (2004) • CND are <10nm in size •Fluorescent in Nature APPROACH TO THE PROBELM Study : Interaction between composite and phytoplankton (photosynthesis) Selection and spraying(Ariel/ship)of CND-FeO composite Measurable Output: Enhance the utilization of atmospheric CO2. Publication and Patent of technology to wider application By adsorption Technique . 99.9% iron oxide incorporated towards carbon dot.
- 5. STEP 1 : Synthesis of Nano Carbon dot Chitosan Acetic acid CND Hydrothermal carbonization
- 6. 0.5g Chitosan + 20ml acetic acid & water (1:1 ratio) Hydro gel Formation Hydrothermal Carbonization & formation of CND Figure A Figure B
- 7. STEP 2 : Incorporation of iron oxide to nano carbon dot Best Adsorption : 99.9% A. Concentration: 50ppm B. pH : 8 C. Time : 90min D. Temperature : 30℃
- 8. STEP 3: Interaction between composite and phytoplankton studied. CND–FeO composite will enhance the phytoplankton production and thereby enhance the absorption of carbon dioxide from atmosphere
- 9. STEP 4: Spraying the composite over specific area in open ocean A) Spraying through on-board vessels B) Or through aircraft
- 10. Step 5 : Widely application of the product where the concentration of CO2 is high Increased phytoplankton primary productivity and utilization of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide
- 11. •The absorption of carbon dioxide from phytoplankton – helps to decrease the concentration of CO2 from atmosphere. •To improve the production of chlorophyll and thereby photosynthesis: Earlier methods used to spray iron on surface failed. •We propose a nano-sized iron oxide incorporated in a nano carbon dot (Organic Carbon System) and its application in the marine environment will enhance the availability of iron oxide and thereby enhance the chlorophyll concentration which leads to greater production of phytoplankton. RESEARCH
- 12. EXPECTED OUTCOME Increased phytoplankton primary productivity will enhance the CO2 absorption through photosynthesis. It will reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and thereby reduce the atmospheric temperature, ocean acidification, climate change and stabilize ocean eco-system. Increased primary productivity of phytoplankton through CND-FeO composite Increased carbon dioxide utilization from atmosphere GREEN EARTH
- 13. NOVELTY Novel use of carbon dot for the iron experiment WHY CARBON NANODOTS? LESS TOXICITY HIGH STABILITY GOOD CONDUCTIVITY Drug Delivery System BIO-IMAGING FLUORESCENT IN NATURE (MARKER) CHANGE IN COLOUR HIGH ELECTRON AFFINITY ORGANIC COMPOUND EASY APPROACHABILITY DUE TO SMALL SIZE
- 14. IMPACT • Reduction in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. • Less ocean acidification. • Reduced global warming and green house effect. • Environmental friendly, pollution free green composite material can be introduced in open ocean with low impact to the ocean. • Regaining of marine biota
- 15. THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY PROVIDED Team Doris