The document provides an overview of geological folds, defining various types such as anticlines, synclines, and other specific formations like symmetrical, asymmetrical, and recumbent folds. It explains the distinct features of folds, including the axis, limbs, crest, and trough, while also describing the forces that lead to their formation. For further learning, it encourages visiting associated online platforms like a blog and social media pages.

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FOLD
DEFINITION:
wave like bends formed in crustal bends by tangential
compressive forces resulting from the horizontal movement
caused by endogenetic force originating deep within the earth
are called fold

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DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF FOLD

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1. Axis of fold:- the plane which bisects the angle between two limbs
of the anticline or middle limb of the syncline is axis of fold or axial
plane.
2. Limbs: Two sides of fold is called limbs
3. Crest: the highest point of a fold is called crest.
4. Trough : the lowest point of a fold is called trough.
5. . Strike: the strike is the direction of any horizontal line along a
bedding plane
6. Dip: The inclination of rock beds with respect to horizontal plane
is termed as Dip.

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TYPE OF FOLD
1. ANTICLINES:- The uploaded rock beds
are called anticlines.
2. Anticlinorium:- it refers to folded
structures in the regions of folded
mountains where are a series of minor
anticlines and synclines within one
extensive anticline.
3.Synclines: down folded rocks beds due to
compressive forces are caused by horizontal
tangential forces are called syncline.
4.Synclinorium: it refers to folded structures
which includes an extensive syncline having
numerous minor anticlines and synclines
within one extensive anticline.

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SYMMETRICAL FOLDS: When two limbs of a fold is inclined
uniformly and formed due to compressive force in both side
having moderate intensity is called symmetrical folds.
ASYMMETRICAL FOLDS: It is characterized by unequal and
irreguar limbs with different angles is called asymmetrical fold.
One limb is relatively larger and inclination is also moderate and
regular and the other limb is shorter and steep inclination

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MONOCLINAL FOLDs are those
in which one limb inclines
moderately with regular slope and
other limb is steep at right angle ,
and steep is almost vertical.
Vertical force and movement are
responsible for the development of
this type of fold.
ISOCLINAL FOLDS are formed
when compressive forces are so
strong that the limbs of both sides
become parallel each other but not
in horizontal manner.

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RECUMBENT FOLDS are formed
when the compressive forces are so
strong that both sides of limbs are
parallel as well as horizontal each other.
OVERTURND FOLDS are those folds in
which one limb of the fold is thurst upon
another due to intensive compressive
force.
OPEN FOLD are those in which the angle
between two limbs are more than 90
degree but less than 180 degree formed
due to moderate compressive force.
CLOSED FOLDS are those fold in which
the angle between two limbs is acute angle
forming intense compressive force

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NAPPES:
Nappes are the result of complex folding mechanism caused by intense
horizontal movement and resultant compressive force.
The limbs of recumbent forces are parallel and horizontal. When these limbs
are incresed further due to compressive force , one limbe overrides other fold

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