This document discusses drug abuse, dependence, and addiction. It defines drug abuse as using drugs outside of social norms, while dependence occurs when abstaining from a drug causes withdrawal symptoms. Addiction means a drug dominates one's motivation. The document also discusses tolerance, psychological dependence, and physical dependence as the three basic processes of drug addiction. It provides statistics on drug use in Malaysia and lists common drug types like stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and opiates. Risk and protective factors for drug addiction are mentioned. References are included at the end.

1. Izatty Lim
0308188
Batch 4

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• DRUG ABUSE  when the use of the drug is outside of social norms. His or her
motivation to experience reward may or may not be as strong as other psychosocial
factors such as experimentation, belonging to a specific group culture or enjoying a
risk-taking lifestyle.
Introduction
• DRUG  ‘any substance, natural or artificial, other than food, that by its
chemical nature alters structure or function in the living organism
• DRUG DEPENDENCE  a state in which individual uses the drug so frequently
& consistently that it appears difficult for the person to get along without using
the drug
– occurs when a person relies on a drug for normal physiological functioning. If the person
abstains from taking the drug, he or she will experience withdrawal symptoms such as
sweating, vomiting or diarrhea. Abstaining from drug use can also trigger problems in mental
functioning such as lack of focus, depression or anxiety
• DRUG ADDICTION controversial and complex term that has different
meaning to different people
– addiction diagnosis indicates that an individual demonstrates a pattern of behavior where
acquiring & using a drug dominates his or her motivation. The motivation to obtain and
take the drug overwhelms the individual’s normal protective constraints

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 TOLERANCE
 Repeated exposure to the same dose of
drug results in a lesser effect
 Body develops ways to compensate for the
chemical imbalance caused by introducing
drug into the system
 Can be overcome by increasing the dose
3 BASIC PROCESSES
 PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
 Behavioral dependence
 High rate of drug use, craving
for the drug & tendency to
relapse after stopping use
 Related to drug reinforcing
properties
 PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
 Depend on drug to function normally
 Occurrence of withdrawal syndrome
when stop taking drug abruptly
o Vary from one class of drug to another
o Compensating mechanisms produce
imbalance

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STATISTIC IN MALAYSIA

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TYPES OF DRUG
STIMULANT
 Excite CNS
 elevate mood, ↑ feelings of well-being &
↑energy and alertness
 ↑ heart rate & blood pressure and
breathing
 Repeated use  paranoia & hostility
 very high addictive potential
 cocaine, methamphetamine,
amphetamine, MDMA (Ecstasy), nicotine,
and caffeine
DEPRESSANT
◘ Inhibit CNS
◘ treat anxiety & sleep disorders
◘ high addictive potential
◘ alcohol, Valium, Xanax, Librium,
and barbiturates
HALLUCINOGEN
 altered perception and feeling
 moderate potential of addiction with very
high potential of tolerance, moderate level
of psychological dependence & low
potential for physical dependence
 LSD, PCP, MDMA (Ecstasy), marijuana,
mescaline, and psilocybin
OPIATE
o powerful painkillers
o quick, intense feeling of pleasure
followed by a sense of well-being
and calm
o wide range of withdrawal
symptoms that affect the mind and
the body
o very high addictive potential
o heroin, morphine, codeine, and
Oxycontin

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RISK & PROTECTIVE FACTORS

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 Addiction, Abuse And Dependence: Know The Difference
 http://www.myaddiction.com/lifestyle/recovery/addiction-
abuse-dependence-know-the-difference
 Drug classification
 https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/studentlife/health/pr
omotion/goto/resources/drugclassifications.html
 Drug-Free ASEAN 2015: Status and Recommendations
 https://www.unodc.org/documents/southeastasiaandpacific
//Publications/ASEAN_2015.pdf
 National Anti Drug Agency(NADA)
 http://www.adk.gov.my/web/guest/dadah-2011
 Drugs, Society & Human Behavior 13th Edition
 By Carl L. Hart, Charles Ksir and Oakley Ray
REFERENCES

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THE END