Drug acting on skin and mucous membrane,lecture notes if for B.V.Sc & A.H.six semester pharmacology & Toxicology lecture notes.This lecture notes will be also useful for other veterinary students.jibachhashah@gmail.com,mob.9845024121
This document provides information on the structure and function of skin, treatment of various skin disorders, and drugs used for different skin conditions. It discusses:
- The structure of the epidermis and dermis layers of skin and their functions.
- Topical, systemic, and other modes of treating skin disorders.
- Factors affecting absorption of topical drugs and examples of transdermal patches.
- Classes of drugs categorized by action, vehicles, and skin preparations.
- Specific drugs and classes used to treat conditions like pruritus, seborrhea, alopecia, pigment disorders, ectoparasitic infections, acne, and others.
this presentation gives the knowledge about the decongestants are a type of medication that can provide short relief for a blocked nose ................
This document discusses laxatives, including their classification, mechanisms of action, and examples. Laxatives are classified as bulk forming, stool softeners, stimulant purgatives, and osmotic purgatives. They work by increasing water content in the intestines through osmotic effects, decreasing water absorption, or increasing propulsive movements. Common bulk formers include bran, psyllium, and methylcellulose. Docusate is an example of a stool softener, while stimulant purgatives include diphenylmethanes like bisacodyl and anthraquinones like senna. Osmotic purgatives include magnesium and sodium salts as well as lactulose.
Autacoids - pharmacological actions and drugs related to them. SIVASWAROOP YARASI
Autacoids or "autocoids" are biological factors which act like local hormones, have a brief duration, and act near the site of synthesis. The word autacoids comes from the Greek "autos" (self) and "acos" (relief, i.e. drug).
This document provides information about various carminative drugs including their biological sources, chemical constituents, and uses. Some examples of carminative drugs discussed are ajowan, cardamom, black pepper, asafoetida, nutmeg, benzoin, myrrh, neem, and turmeric. Carminative drugs act by relieving pain in the stomach and intestine and expelling gas from the gastrointestinal tract. They are used as stimulants, carminatives, and for their aromatic properties. Information on cultivation, chemical profiles, and substituents is provided for several of these medicinal plants.
Drugs acting on skin and mucous membranesRajpushpaLabh
This document summarizes various drugs acting on the skin and mucous membranes. It classifies these drugs based on their main actions into categories like demulcents, emollients, astringents, keratolytics, etc. For each category, it provides examples of drugs and brief descriptions of their mechanisms and uses. It also discusses specific treatments for conditions like acne vulgaris and psoriasis.
Carminatives are drugs that relieve flatulence by facilitating increased gastric emptying and mildly irritating the gastric mucosa, which increases peristalsis and expels gas. They act through mild irritation that increases gastrointestinal motility and liberates carbon dioxide. Demulcents relieve irritation of mucous membranes by forming a protective film and are sometimes called mucoprotective agents. Common demulcents include pectin, glycerin, and honey, which are ingredients in cough mixtures.
This document provides information on the structure and function of skin, treatment of various skin disorders, and drugs used for different skin conditions. It discusses:
- The structure of the epidermis and dermis layers of skin and their functions.
- Topical, systemic, and other modes of treating skin disorders.
- Factors affecting absorption of topical drugs and examples of transdermal patches.
- Classes of drugs categorized by action, vehicles, and skin preparations.
- Specific drugs and classes used to treat conditions like pruritus, seborrhea, alopecia, pigment disorders, ectoparasitic infections, acne, and others.
this presentation gives the knowledge about the decongestants are a type of medication that can provide short relief for a blocked nose ................
This document discusses laxatives, including their classification, mechanisms of action, and examples. Laxatives are classified as bulk forming, stool softeners, stimulant purgatives, and osmotic purgatives. They work by increasing water content in the intestines through osmotic effects, decreasing water absorption, or increasing propulsive movements. Common bulk formers include bran, psyllium, and methylcellulose. Docusate is an example of a stool softener, while stimulant purgatives include diphenylmethanes like bisacodyl and anthraquinones like senna. Osmotic purgatives include magnesium and sodium salts as well as lactulose.
Autacoids - pharmacological actions and drugs related to them. SIVASWAROOP YARASI
Autacoids or "autocoids" are biological factors which act like local hormones, have a brief duration, and act near the site of synthesis. The word autacoids comes from the Greek "autos" (self) and "acos" (relief, i.e. drug).
This document provides information about various carminative drugs including their biological sources, chemical constituents, and uses. Some examples of carminative drugs discussed are ajowan, cardamom, black pepper, asafoetida, nutmeg, benzoin, myrrh, neem, and turmeric. Carminative drugs act by relieving pain in the stomach and intestine and expelling gas from the gastrointestinal tract. They are used as stimulants, carminatives, and for their aromatic properties. Information on cultivation, chemical profiles, and substituents is provided for several of these medicinal plants.
Drugs acting on skin and mucous membranesRajpushpaLabh
This document summarizes various drugs acting on the skin and mucous membranes. It classifies these drugs based on their main actions into categories like demulcents, emollients, astringents, keratolytics, etc. For each category, it provides examples of drugs and brief descriptions of their mechanisms and uses. It also discusses specific treatments for conditions like acne vulgaris and psoriasis.
Carminatives are drugs that relieve flatulence by facilitating increased gastric emptying and mildly irritating the gastric mucosa, which increases peristalsis and expels gas. They act through mild irritation that increases gastrointestinal motility and liberates carbon dioxide. Demulcents relieve irritation of mucous membranes by forming a protective film and are sometimes called mucoprotective agents. Common demulcents include pectin, glycerin, and honey, which are ingredients in cough mixtures.
This document discusses drugs that act on the skin and mucous membranes. It begins by providing facts about the skin, including its structure and functions. It describes the two layers of the skin - the epidermis and dermis - and discusses the role of keratin. It then covers various modes of treating skin disorders, factors that govern the absorption of topical drugs, different vehicles used to deliver drugs, and types of skin preparations. Specific topics covered include sunscreens, photosensitivity due to drugs, keratolytic agents, treatments for pruritus and acne vulgaris.
This document discusses various drug treatments for ocular allergies. It describes how allergic reactions cause the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells. The main classes of anti-allergy drugs discussed are ocular decongestants, antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids. Specific examples of drugs in each class are provided along with their mechanisms of action and recommended dosages.
Seretonin (5HT) and Its Antagonists PharmacologyPranatiChavan
Serotonin is a chemical that has a wide variety of functions in the human body. It is sometimes called the happy chemical, because it contributes to wellbeing and happiness.
The scientific name for serotonin is 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT. It is mainly found in the brain, bowels, and blood platelets.
Serotonin is used to transmit messages between nerve cells, it is thought to be active in constricting smooth muscles, and it contributes to wellbeing and happiness, among other things. As the precursor for melatonin, it helps regulate the body’s sleep-wake cycles and the internal clock.
It is thought to play a role in appetite, the emotions, and motor, cognitive, and autonomic functions. However, it is not known exactly if serotonin affects these directly, or if it has an overall role in co-ordinating the nervous system.
Codeine is a commonly used antitussive (cough suppressant) that works by raising the stimulus threshold of the cough center in the brain. It is effective at reducing coughs by 40-60% compared to placebos. Codeine is also a mild opioid analgesic. Other antitussives include dextromethorphan (non-opioid), expectorants like guaifenesin to loosen mucus, and mucolytics like acetylcysteine that work to liquefy mucus in the respiratory tract.
Anti-adrenergic drugs antagonize the action of adrenaline and related drugs by competitively blocking alpha and/or beta receptors. Alpha blockers such as prazosin are used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia by dilating arteries and reducing prostate tone. Beta blockers like propranolol non-selectively block both beta 1 and 2 receptors and are used for hypertension, angina, arrhythmias and migraine. Drugs for glaucoma work by reducing intraocular pressure through various mechanisms such as decreasing aqueous humor production or increasing outflow.
Cold Cream & Vanishing Cream Assignement (Industrial Pharmacy)RAHUL PAL
Cold creams are oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions used to provide smoothness to the skin and remove makeup. They should have low sensitization, be elegant, non-dehydrating, non-greasy, non-staining, and miscible with skin secretions. A typical cold cream contains beeswax, mineral oil, water, and borax. It is prepared by melting the beeswax and mixing it with the oils, then slowly adding the aqueous solution containing water and borax with stirring.
Vanishing creams, also known as day creams, provide emollient and protective effects. They are used to hold powder and improve adhesion. A vanishing cream
This document provides information on various dental, cosmetic, and hair preparations. It discusses dentifrices/toothpastes, facial cosmetics like powders, creams, and makeup. It also covers hair products like shampoos, conditioners, dyes, and depilatories. For each type of preparation, it describes formulations, methods of preparation, functions, and ideal properties. The document is an introduction to common cosmetic and personal care preparations.
Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)abdul waheed
NSAIDs work by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which prevents the formation of prostaglandins. Aspirin is a nonselective COX inhibitor that irreversibly acetylates both COX-1 and COX-2. It has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal irritation and bleeding. Aspirin is metabolized to salicylic acid and excreted by the kidneys. It is used to treat fever, pain, and inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, but carries risks in children and those with asthma or prior gastrointestinal issues.
This document discusses histamine, an endogenous amine involved in various physiological processes. It is synthesized from histidine and stored in mast cells and basophils. Histamine acts through four receptors (H1-H4) and causes effects such as vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contraction. It is involved in allergic reactions and regulation of acid secretion. Histamine's actions can be blocked by antihistamines, which competitively inhibit histamine receptors and are used to treat allergic disorders and motion sickness. Common side effects of antihistamines include sedation and anticholinergic effects.
Ophthalmic dosage are the preparation designed for application to the eye:-
For treatment
For symptomatic release of symptoms
For diagnostic purpose
As aid to surgical procedures
They are the sterile products meant to instillation in to the eye in the space between eye lid and the eye ball
They are also prepared as parenteral product. Example
Eye drops, Eye lotion, Eye ointment, Eye suspension, Contact lens solution
The document discusses expectorants and antitussives. It defines expectorants as drugs that increase bronchial secretion or reduce viscosity, facilitating removal by coughing. Only guaiphenesin is approved as an expectorant in the U.S. Expectorants are classified as bronchial secretion enhancers or mucolytics. Antitussives act in the CNS to suppress cough or act peripherally in the respiratory tract. Antitussives are classified as opioids, nonopioids, antihistamines, or peripherally acting drugs. The document provides examples and doses of expectorants and antitussives and discusses some combination antitussive-expectorant formulations.
Ketoconazole was the first orally effective broad-spectrum antifungal but has been replaced by newer azoles. It acts by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis. Common side effects include nausea and loss of hair/libido. It interacts with many drugs by inhibiting CYP3A4. Fluconazole has a wider spectrum than ketoconazole and good CSF penetration. Itraconazole and voriconazole are broad-spectrum second-generation triazoles. Terbinafine inhibits squalene epoxidase and accumulates in the skin. Topical agents like clotrimazole, miconazole and econazole are used to treat superficial fung
This document provides information about autacoids, which are local hormones that include histamine and serotonin. It focuses on histamine, discussing its sources from mast cells and basophils, mechanisms of release, effects on organ systems, and use of antihistamines to treat allergic reactions. Serotonin is also discussed, including its role in mood, appetite, sleep, and vasoconstriction. The document summarizes the different types of serotonin receptors and their functions.
1. NSAIDs work by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, mainly COX-1 and COX-2, which decreases prostaglandin synthesis and produces their pharmacological effects. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have fewer side effects than non-selective NSAIDs.
2. NSAIDs have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Common side effects include gastric irritation, ulcers, renal impairment, and platelet dysfunction.
3. Aspirin has antiplatelet effects useful for cardiovascular protection. Indomethacin is potent but non-selective. Paracetamol is safer for those with bleeding risks but less effective at inflammation. COX-
Histamine and bradykinin are important autacoids or local hormones that act near their site of synthesis to exert physiological effects. Histamine is released from mast cells and basophils during allergic reactions and binds to H1, H2, H3 and H4 receptors, causing effects like vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and bronchioconstriction. It is involved in allergic diseases. Bradykinin is produced from kininogen and acts on B1 and B2 receptors to cause vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability and pain. Both histamine and bradykinin are inactivated by enzymatic degradation and their effects can be blocked by receptor antagonists.
The document provides information on various aspects of helminths (worms) and anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminth infections. It defines helminths as macroscopic, multicellular parasites that are generally elongated or round. It describes the three main groups of helminths - cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes - and provides details on their lifecycles and morphology. The document then discusses common helminth infections and anthelmintic drug classes, mechanisms of action, specific drugs like piperazine, mebendazole, praziquantel, ivermectin, and pyrantel pamoate, along with their indications, pharmacokinetics
This document discusses cardiac glycosides, a class of organic compounds that increase the force of heart contractions and decrease the heart rate. It notes that digoxin, digitoxin, bufotoxin, and ouabain are examples obtained from plants like Digitalis lanata and toad skin. The document explains that cardiac glycosides act on the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, directly affecting myocardial contractility and mildly constricting blood vessels. While having little effect on the central nervous system, they can cause diuresis in congestive heart failure patients. The document outlines mechanisms of action and lists arrhythmias and other adverse effects, then discusses uses and interactions with other drugs.
(Eicosanoids) Prostaglandins, leucotrienes, and platelet activating factorsPranatiChavan
Prostaglandins (PGs) and Leukotrienes (LTs) are biologically active derivatives of 20 carbon atom polyunsaturated essential fatty acids that are released from cell membrane phospholipids. They are the major lipid derived autacoids.
Drug acting on skin and mucous membrane lecture notes-Dr.Jibachha SahDr. Jibachha Sah
This document provides an introduction and table of contents for a lecture on drugs acting on the skin and mucous membranes in animals. It discusses several topics that will be covered, including demulcents and emollients, astringents and counter-irritants, caustics and escharotics, keratolytics and wound healing agents, and topical antimicrobials. The document provides examples and classifications for many of these drug categories. It also gives brief descriptions of mechanisms of action and uses for specific agents like kaolin, emollients, charcoal, silver nitrate, and topical corticosteroids.
This document discusses cosmeceuticals, which are products that have both cosmetic and therapeutic effects intended to benefit skin health and beauty. Cosmeceuticals contain active ingredients that can affect skin cell function and are available over-the-counter without a prescription. However, the cosmeceutical industry is largely unregulated and products are not required to undergo clinical testing to substantiate their claims. Ideal cosmeceuticals should be tested to ensure they have proven benefits. The document provides several examples of plant extracts and compounds used in cosmeceuticals for their antioxidant properties.
This document discusses drugs that act on the skin and mucous membranes. It begins by providing facts about the skin, including its structure and functions. It describes the two layers of the skin - the epidermis and dermis - and discusses the role of keratin. It then covers various modes of treating skin disorders, factors that govern the absorption of topical drugs, different vehicles used to deliver drugs, and types of skin preparations. Specific topics covered include sunscreens, photosensitivity due to drugs, keratolytic agents, treatments for pruritus and acne vulgaris.
This document discusses various drug treatments for ocular allergies. It describes how allergic reactions cause the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells. The main classes of anti-allergy drugs discussed are ocular decongestants, antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids. Specific examples of drugs in each class are provided along with their mechanisms of action and recommended dosages.
Seretonin (5HT) and Its Antagonists PharmacologyPranatiChavan
Serotonin is a chemical that has a wide variety of functions in the human body. It is sometimes called the happy chemical, because it contributes to wellbeing and happiness.
The scientific name for serotonin is 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT. It is mainly found in the brain, bowels, and blood platelets.
Serotonin is used to transmit messages between nerve cells, it is thought to be active in constricting smooth muscles, and it contributes to wellbeing and happiness, among other things. As the precursor for melatonin, it helps regulate the body’s sleep-wake cycles and the internal clock.
It is thought to play a role in appetite, the emotions, and motor, cognitive, and autonomic functions. However, it is not known exactly if serotonin affects these directly, or if it has an overall role in co-ordinating the nervous system.
Codeine is a commonly used antitussive (cough suppressant) that works by raising the stimulus threshold of the cough center in the brain. It is effective at reducing coughs by 40-60% compared to placebos. Codeine is also a mild opioid analgesic. Other antitussives include dextromethorphan (non-opioid), expectorants like guaifenesin to loosen mucus, and mucolytics like acetylcysteine that work to liquefy mucus in the respiratory tract.
Anti-adrenergic drugs antagonize the action of adrenaline and related drugs by competitively blocking alpha and/or beta receptors. Alpha blockers such as prazosin are used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia by dilating arteries and reducing prostate tone. Beta blockers like propranolol non-selectively block both beta 1 and 2 receptors and are used for hypertension, angina, arrhythmias and migraine. Drugs for glaucoma work by reducing intraocular pressure through various mechanisms such as decreasing aqueous humor production or increasing outflow.
Cold Cream & Vanishing Cream Assignement (Industrial Pharmacy)RAHUL PAL
Cold creams are oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions used to provide smoothness to the skin and remove makeup. They should have low sensitization, be elegant, non-dehydrating, non-greasy, non-staining, and miscible with skin secretions. A typical cold cream contains beeswax, mineral oil, water, and borax. It is prepared by melting the beeswax and mixing it with the oils, then slowly adding the aqueous solution containing water and borax with stirring.
Vanishing creams, also known as day creams, provide emollient and protective effects. They are used to hold powder and improve adhesion. A vanishing cream
This document provides information on various dental, cosmetic, and hair preparations. It discusses dentifrices/toothpastes, facial cosmetics like powders, creams, and makeup. It also covers hair products like shampoos, conditioners, dyes, and depilatories. For each type of preparation, it describes formulations, methods of preparation, functions, and ideal properties. The document is an introduction to common cosmetic and personal care preparations.
Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)abdul waheed
NSAIDs work by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which prevents the formation of prostaglandins. Aspirin is a nonselective COX inhibitor that irreversibly acetylates both COX-1 and COX-2. It has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal irritation and bleeding. Aspirin is metabolized to salicylic acid and excreted by the kidneys. It is used to treat fever, pain, and inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, but carries risks in children and those with asthma or prior gastrointestinal issues.
This document discusses histamine, an endogenous amine involved in various physiological processes. It is synthesized from histidine and stored in mast cells and basophils. Histamine acts through four receptors (H1-H4) and causes effects such as vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contraction. It is involved in allergic reactions and regulation of acid secretion. Histamine's actions can be blocked by antihistamines, which competitively inhibit histamine receptors and are used to treat allergic disorders and motion sickness. Common side effects of antihistamines include sedation and anticholinergic effects.
Ophthalmic dosage are the preparation designed for application to the eye:-
For treatment
For symptomatic release of symptoms
For diagnostic purpose
As aid to surgical procedures
They are the sterile products meant to instillation in to the eye in the space between eye lid and the eye ball
They are also prepared as parenteral product. Example
Eye drops, Eye lotion, Eye ointment, Eye suspension, Contact lens solution
The document discusses expectorants and antitussives. It defines expectorants as drugs that increase bronchial secretion or reduce viscosity, facilitating removal by coughing. Only guaiphenesin is approved as an expectorant in the U.S. Expectorants are classified as bronchial secretion enhancers or mucolytics. Antitussives act in the CNS to suppress cough or act peripherally in the respiratory tract. Antitussives are classified as opioids, nonopioids, antihistamines, or peripherally acting drugs. The document provides examples and doses of expectorants and antitussives and discusses some combination antitussive-expectorant formulations.
Ketoconazole was the first orally effective broad-spectrum antifungal but has been replaced by newer azoles. It acts by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis. Common side effects include nausea and loss of hair/libido. It interacts with many drugs by inhibiting CYP3A4. Fluconazole has a wider spectrum than ketoconazole and good CSF penetration. Itraconazole and voriconazole are broad-spectrum second-generation triazoles. Terbinafine inhibits squalene epoxidase and accumulates in the skin. Topical agents like clotrimazole, miconazole and econazole are used to treat superficial fung
This document provides information about autacoids, which are local hormones that include histamine and serotonin. It focuses on histamine, discussing its sources from mast cells and basophils, mechanisms of release, effects on organ systems, and use of antihistamines to treat allergic reactions. Serotonin is also discussed, including its role in mood, appetite, sleep, and vasoconstriction. The document summarizes the different types of serotonin receptors and their functions.
1. NSAIDs work by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, mainly COX-1 and COX-2, which decreases prostaglandin synthesis and produces their pharmacological effects. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have fewer side effects than non-selective NSAIDs.
2. NSAIDs have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Common side effects include gastric irritation, ulcers, renal impairment, and platelet dysfunction.
3. Aspirin has antiplatelet effects useful for cardiovascular protection. Indomethacin is potent but non-selective. Paracetamol is safer for those with bleeding risks but less effective at inflammation. COX-
Histamine and bradykinin are important autacoids or local hormones that act near their site of synthesis to exert physiological effects. Histamine is released from mast cells and basophils during allergic reactions and binds to H1, H2, H3 and H4 receptors, causing effects like vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and bronchioconstriction. It is involved in allergic diseases. Bradykinin is produced from kininogen and acts on B1 and B2 receptors to cause vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability and pain. Both histamine and bradykinin are inactivated by enzymatic degradation and their effects can be blocked by receptor antagonists.
The document provides information on various aspects of helminths (worms) and anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminth infections. It defines helminths as macroscopic, multicellular parasites that are generally elongated or round. It describes the three main groups of helminths - cestodes, trematodes, and nematodes - and provides details on their lifecycles and morphology. The document then discusses common helminth infections and anthelmintic drug classes, mechanisms of action, specific drugs like piperazine, mebendazole, praziquantel, ivermectin, and pyrantel pamoate, along with their indications, pharmacokinetics
This document discusses cardiac glycosides, a class of organic compounds that increase the force of heart contractions and decrease the heart rate. It notes that digoxin, digitoxin, bufotoxin, and ouabain are examples obtained from plants like Digitalis lanata and toad skin. The document explains that cardiac glycosides act on the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, directly affecting myocardial contractility and mildly constricting blood vessels. While having little effect on the central nervous system, they can cause diuresis in congestive heart failure patients. The document outlines mechanisms of action and lists arrhythmias and other adverse effects, then discusses uses and interactions with other drugs.
(Eicosanoids) Prostaglandins, leucotrienes, and platelet activating factorsPranatiChavan
Prostaglandins (PGs) and Leukotrienes (LTs) are biologically active derivatives of 20 carbon atom polyunsaturated essential fatty acids that are released from cell membrane phospholipids. They are the major lipid derived autacoids.
Drug acting on skin and mucous membrane lecture notes-Dr.Jibachha SahDr. Jibachha Sah
This document provides an introduction and table of contents for a lecture on drugs acting on the skin and mucous membranes in animals. It discusses several topics that will be covered, including demulcents and emollients, astringents and counter-irritants, caustics and escharotics, keratolytics and wound healing agents, and topical antimicrobials. The document provides examples and classifications for many of these drug categories. It also gives brief descriptions of mechanisms of action and uses for specific agents like kaolin, emollients, charcoal, silver nitrate, and topical corticosteroids.
This document discusses cosmeceuticals, which are products that have both cosmetic and therapeutic effects intended to benefit skin health and beauty. Cosmeceuticals contain active ingredients that can affect skin cell function and are available over-the-counter without a prescription. However, the cosmeceutical industry is largely unregulated and products are not required to undergo clinical testing to substantiate their claims. Ideal cosmeceuticals should be tested to ensure they have proven benefits. The document provides several examples of plant extracts and compounds used in cosmeceuticals for their antioxidant properties.
1. The document discusses cosmeceuticals, which are cosmetic products containing medicinal ingredients that provide topical benefits and protect against skin damage.
2. Common cosmeceutical categories include retinoids, hydroxy acids, antioxidants, and sunscreens. Retinoids like retinol help produce collagen and reduce signs of aging. Hydroxy acids exfoliate skin and reduce wrinkles. Antioxidants protect skin from free radical damage.
3. The mechanisms of cosmeceuticals include activating receptors, enhancing the skin barrier, increasing exfoliation, and modulating pigmentation. Precautions must be taken with hydroxy acid products to avoid irritation.
This document discusses various types of drugs that act on skin and mucous membranes. It describes emollients as bland fatty materials that soften and moisten skin, examples include oils and fats. Demulcents soothe irritated mucous membranes and form a protective layer, examples provided are glycerin and propylene glycol. Adsorbents and protectives inactivate irritants by binding to them or providing a protective layer, with examples like starch, zinc oxide and mineral oil. Other agents discussed are astringents that dry skin, counterirritants that relieve pain, keratolytics that loosen skin, and skin disinfectants that reduce bacteria.
Preservatives are used in cosmetics to prevent spoilage from oxidation, microbial growth, and other causes of deterioration. There are several classes of preservatives used including organic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, phenolic compounds, esters, mercury compounds, surfactants, and miscellaneous agents. The effectiveness of preservatives can be affected by factors like pH, concentration, and ingredients in the cosmetic formulation. Guidelines for preservative selection include identifying materials that promote microbial growth and choosing the least toxic preservative. Some potential adverse effects of certain preservatives include skin irritation and allergic reactions.
The document discusses several new health ingredients from Dumoco Corporation, including non-animal chitosan from fungi sources, tremella "hyaluronic acid" polysaccharides, crocetin carotenoid from gardenia jasminoides, poria cocos containing pachymic acid, and various medicinal mushroom extracts. These ingredients provide benefits such as moisturization, antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and inhibition of tumors. Dumoco develops and manufactures these ingredients in China through partnerships to supply the health, food and cosmetics industries.
A presentation about anti-aging creams giving a brief of aging, anti-aging cosmetics, some general and some modern anti-aging agents and their mechanism of action, some detailed info of marketed formulations
pharmaceutical application of alkanesdocxShabnamKhan94
This document discusses various organic compounds and their pharmaceutical applications. It provides information on several alkane, alkene and alcohol compounds, including pristane, sodium tetradecyl sulphate, acamprosate, sodium lauryl sulphate, propylene glycol, acitretin, tretinoin, isotretinoin, naftifine, hexylesorcinol, taurocholic acid, thymol, doxercalciferol, and propofol. For each compound, it lists relevant details like chemical structure, medical uses, and mode of action. The document was submitted by Shabnam Faiz to Dr. Naveed Muhammad in the department of pharmacy
Anti-aging potential of a cream containing herbal oils and honey: Formulation...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Drug acting on Skin and Mucus membrane.pptxBimal Magar
This document summarizes various types of drugs acting on the skin and mucous membranes. It describes demulcents which form a soothing film, relieving minor pain. Emollients are similar but are oily substances that soften skin. Adsorbents are powders that bind irritants. Astringents cause skin contraction. Keratolytics dissolve skin flakes. Antiseborrheics and antipsoriatics treat seborrhea, psoriasis, and acne. Antiseptics and disinfectants inhibit or kill microorganisms. Scabicides and pediculicides treat scabies and lice infections.
This document provides an overview of the Pharmacology course for II Year Pharm D students at P.E.S. College of Pharmacy in Bangalore, India. The course covers general pharmacology topics including definitions, history, sources of drugs, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic uses of drugs. Drugs are obtained from synthetic, natural, and microbiological sources. Natural sources include plants (alkaloids, glycosides, oils, gums, resins, tannins), animals (insulin, thyroid extracts), and microbes (penicillin, chloramphenicol). The course will help students understand the basic principles of how drugs act in the body.
PARENTERAL AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS (1).pptxmasumreza32
This document discusses various parenteral and topical dosage forms. It begins by defining parenteral dosage forms as those administered by routes other than oral, such as directly into systemic circulation via injection. It notes some key advantages of parenteral forms like rapid action and avoidance of first-pass metabolism, as well as disadvantages like pain and expense. It then describes various liquid and solid topical dosage forms like ointments, creams, suppositories, and their uses. The document provides details on administration methods for different forms like eyedrops, eardrops, nasal sprays, inhalers, and nebulizers. It concludes by discussing some newer drug delivery systems.
This document summarizes high-value co-products that can be derived from plants for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It discusses three important groups of plant-derived components: polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and plant-derived oils. Specific examples of plants containing these compounds that are commonly used in cosmetics include aloe vera, green tea, and olive oil. The document also outlines the various health benefits and applications of compounds extracted from these plants. Key reasons for exploiting plant-derived co-products include environmental benefits, consumer preference for natural products, and the economic potential of extracting high-value compounds from by-products.
Cosmeceuticals have become the fastest-growing segment of the personal care industry. About 25 years ago Dr. Albert Kligman of the University of Pennsylvania originally coined the term ‘cosmeceutical’, describing a hybrid category of products found on the spectrum between drugs and cosmetics that exert a pharmaceutical therapeutic benefit but not necessarily a biological therapeutic benefit.
Cosmeceuticals are ingredients with medicinal properties that provide topical benefits and protect against skin damage. They were coined in 1980 but have no legal definition. They are not considered drugs by the FDA and have less rigorous testing than drugs. Common cosmeceutical ingredients include antioxidants, peptides, retinoids, and exfoliants which treat signs of aging. Cosmeceuticals are generally safer than drugs for long-term use and promote skin health and beauty through natural ingredients.
This document discusses quality control tests for topical preparations, including transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS). It describes various types of topical preparations like creams, ointments, gels, pastes, and jellies. It also discusses the common ingredients in TDDS like drugs, liners, adhesives, permeation enhancers, backing layers, and polymer matrices. Finally, it outlines the key physicochemical tests performed for quality control of TDDS, including thickness, weight uniformity, drug content, content uniformity, moisture content, and moisture uptake testing.
Similar to Drug acting on skin and mucous membrane,lecture notes-Dr.Jibachha Sah (20)
Fenbendazole is a de-wormer medication used in animals. It is available as tablets, boluses, suspensions, powder, and paste. Fenbendazole is used to treat roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, tapeworms, and other parasites in various animals like cattle, horses, pigs, dogs, and cats. The recommended dosages vary depending on the type of parasite and animal. Fenbendazole is generally safe to use but may cause side effects like salivation, vomiting, and diarrhea if an overly high dose is administered. Pregnant animals also require special consideration for fenbendazole treatment.
Heartworm disease in dogs is caused by a parasite called Dirofilaria immitis transmitted through mosquito bites. Common signs include persistent coughing, reluctance to exercise, fatigue after moderate activity, decreased appetite, weight loss, and swollen belly. Diagnosis involves x-rays to check for enlarged heart, blood tests to detect the parasite, and antigen tests. Treatment consists of medications to kill the parasites along with antibiotics, rest, fluids and supportive care. Regular preventive medication is effective in preventing heartworm infection.
Tick paralysis is a parasitic disease of dogs, neurotoxin causes ascending paralysis. An inspirational note for dog lovers and veterinarians.Also available video on youtube.
Glaucoma is a condition that causes a build-up of fluid and pressure in the eye. If too much fluid (called aqueous humor fluid) is made or too little fluid is drained, the pressure of the eye increases and causes damage to the retina and the optic nerve, which ultimately leads to blindness
veterinary laboratory and clinical practice training-Dr.Jibachha SahDr. Jibachha Sah
The document provides information about veterinary training programs offered at the Jibachha Veterinary Hospital Research & Training Centre(P)Ltd in Nepal. The training programs include a one-week laboratory training course for NPR 35,000, a one-week poultry disease diagnostic training for NPR 25,000, and a one-week veterinary clinical practice training for NPR 30,000. It also lists contact information for Dr. Jibachha Sah to inquire about the programs.
Anaphylaxis shock due to penicillin-DR.Jibachha SahDr. Jibachha Sah
Anaphylaxis shock due to penicillin is a case study for practicing veterinarians and students, who will able to describe the mode of action of prescribing drugs.
The lack of aspiration value in veterinary profession-Dr.Jibachha SahDr. Jibachha Sah
The document summarizes research on suicide rates among veterinarians in the United States from 1979 to 2015. A few key points:
- A study found 398 suicide deaths among over 11,000 veterinarians, with 79% of suicides occurring among clinical practitioners. Male veterinarians were 2.1 times and female veterinarians 3.5 times more likely to die by suicide than the general population.
- Clinical practitioners experience approximately double the rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts compared to veterinarians in non-clinical roles.
- High debt loads, long work hours, practice management responsibilities, and poor work-life balance are suggested as contributing factors to stress in the profession.
The day never come in your life - Dr.Jibachha SahDr. Jibachha Sah
Sachin Tendulkar was dismissed for 43 runs by Australian spinner Brad Hogg during an India-Australia ODI match. After celebrating the wicket of the iconic Indian batsman, Hogg approached Tendulkar for his autograph, thinking it was a career-defining moment. However, in their subsequent 21 matches against each other, Tendulkar committed to improving and dominated Hogg, showing that landmark moments can inspire growth and commitment to excellence.
The document discusses Dr. Jibachha Sah's career journey establishing veterinary clinics and hospitals in Nepal over 28 years. It begins with his first private clinic in 1992 after working as a junior technician. Through hard work and dedication, he transformed that clinic into the largest mixed practice private veterinary hospital in Chitwan in 2008. In 2018, he opened a second large hospital in Kathmandu. The document compares his success to John Osteen who converted a feed store into the world's largest church, Lakewood Church in Houston, over 46 years.
The advantage of goal setting is an inspirational matter to the young generation. Teach how to goal setting in his life, a case study of Yale University 1952.
This document discusses the history of puerperal fever, a bacterial infection that was a major cause of maternal death in Europe in the 1800s. It describes how in 1843, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes suggested that physicians were unwittingly spreading the disease between patients due to a lack of hygiene. However, physicians at the time disagreed with this idea. It was not until 1847 when Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis mandated handwashing with chlorinated lime water before patient examinations that the rate of puerperal fever dropped dramatically, demonstrating that physicians were indeed the vector of transmission. The document compares this historical event to the current COVID-19 pandemic and emphasizes the importance of hand washing and other
Veterinary professions have a promising future with opportunities in veterinary hospitals and clinics, animal feed and meat industries, poultry and feed industries, and farm animal and dairy industries. There is also potential to create new "blue ocean industries" in veterinary fields. The document promotes a YouTube channel by Dr. Jibachha Sah about the case study of his veterinary hospital.
This document summarizes the top five regrets of the dying as reported by Bronnie Ware, an Australian nurse. The five regrets are: 1) Not living a life true to oneself and doing what others expected instead. 2) Working too hard and not spending enough time with family. 3) Not expressing feelings to family and letting unhealthy relationships form. 4) Losing touch with family and friends. 5) Not allowing oneself to be happy and following what brings happiness instead of what others think should make one happy. The document encourages living consciously and choosing happiness.
Hal Elrod was in a serious car accident in 1999 where his heart stopped for 6 minutes and he fell into a coma. When he awoke 7 days later with 11 fractures, doctors said he would never walk again. However, Hal went on to make a full recovery and become an author and success coach. He developed 6 habits called SAVERS that transformed his life - Silence, Affirmation, Visualization, Exercise, Reading, and Scribing/Writing. These habits are meant to be done every morning before 7am.
Ethno veterinary medicine or traditional animal health care is based on folk beliefs, traditional knowledge, skills, methods and practices used for curing diseases and maintaining health of animals.
Jibachha veterinary case study video-Dr.Jibachha SahDr. Jibachha Sah
This document promotes a veterinary educational video posted on a YouTube channel for Jibachha Veterinary Hospital. The video can be freely downloaded for educational purposes and appears to be the first of its kind in Nepal. It focuses on a case study related to veterinary medicine.
Antiseptic and disinfectant-Dr.Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc,Lecturer,NPIDr. Jibachha Sah
Antiseptics• These are chemical substances which inhibit the growth or kill micro- organisms on living surfaces such as skin & mucous membrane .Disinfectants are used to kill or eliminate microorganisms and/or inactivate viruses on inanimate objects and surfaces (medical devices, instruments, equipment, walls, floors).
Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to Indiadavidjhones387
"Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to India! From cost-effective services and expert professionals to round-the-clock work advantages, learn how your business can achieve digital success with Indian SEO solutions.
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process HollowingDonato Onofri
CrowdStrike researchers have identified a HijackLoader (aka IDAT Loader) sample that employs sophisticated evasion techniques to enhance the complexity of the threat. HijackLoader, an increasingly popular tool among adversaries for deploying additional payloads and tooling, continues to evolve as its developers experiment and enhance its capabilities.
In their analysis of a recent HijackLoader sample, CrowdStrike researchers discovered new techniques designed to increase the defense evasion capabilities of the loader. The malware developer used a standard process hollowing technique coupled with an additional trigger that was activated by the parent process writing to a pipe. This new approach, called "Interactive Process Hollowing", has the potential to make defense evasion stealthier.
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needsLaura Szabó
The product workshop focused on exploring the requirements of Generation Z in relation to marketplace dynamics. We delved into their specific needs, examined the specifics in their shopping preferences, and analyzed their preferred methods for accessing information and making purchases within a marketplace. Through the study of real-life cases , we tried to gain valuable insights into enhancing the marketplace experience for Generation Z.
The workshop was held on the DMA Conference in Vienna June 2024.
Ready to Unlock the Power of Blockchain!Toptal Tech
Imagine a world where data flows freely, yet remains secure. A world where trust is built into the fabric of every transaction. This is the promise of blockchain, a revolutionary technology poised to reshape our digital landscape.
Toptal Tech is at the forefront of this innovation, connecting you with the brightest minds in blockchain development. Together, we can unlock the potential of this transformative technology, building a future of transparency, security, and endless possibilities.
Drug acting on skin and mucous membrane,lecture notes-Dr.Jibachha Sah
1. Welcome to My Lecturer
www.jibachhavet.com 1
AUTONOMIC AND SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY
Lecture notes, Six semester
Drugs acting on the skin and mucous membranes of
animals
Dr. Jibachha Sah
M.V.Sc(Veterinary pharmacology),Lecturer
College of Veterinary Science, NPI, Bhojard, Chitwan, Nepal
Email:jibachhashah@gmail.com,Mob.00977-9845024121
3. 1
2
3
4
5
6
Table of
Contents
Drugs acting on skin and mucous membrane
Demulcent and Emollients
Dermatologic and Otic (into ear) Agents
Astringents and Counter-irritants
Caustics (Corrosive) and Escharotics
(Cauterizers)
Keratolytics and Wound-healing Agents
7.Topical Antimicrobials (Antibiotics
and Antifungals) 3
Adsorbents and Protective
. Topical Antimicrobials (Antibiotics and Antifungals):
4. Demulcents
An agent that forms a soothing, protective film when administered onto a mucous
membrane surface, that can relieve irritation of the bowel lining.
They may also be applied to the skin. Most demulcents are water soluble compounds
with a high molecular weight e.g., gums, oils, mucilages, and starches.
www.jibachhavet.com 4
Maxi-Sorb Bolus is an anti-
diarrheal demulcent and
used as an aid in relief of
simple non-infectious
diarrhea in horses and cattle.
5. Classification of demulcent
www.jibachhavet.com 5
Examples are
Demulcents are used to lubricate and protect the alimentary mucous
membrane, but the term is usually applied only to those agents that
affect the buccal, pharyngeal, esophageal, and gastric mucosa
6. Mechanism of action
www.jibachhavet.com 6
A demulcent is a high molecular weight compound in aqueous solution that coats the
skin surface, thus protecting the underlying cells and alleviating irritation.
Glycerin is a popular vehicle as this trihydric alcohol is miscible with water and
alcohol. It is a hygroscopic agent that is absorbed into the skin. Similarly, propylene
glycol is a good vehicle, miscible with water and dissolving many essential
oils. Linoleic acid is important for the barrier function of the stratum corneum,
(outermost layer of the epidermis) particularly in relation to transepidermal water loss.
7. Kaolin( Antidiarrheal compound)
www.jibachhavet.com 7
a demulcent and adsorbent
The action of kaolin-pectin is believed to be related to the binding of bacterial toxins (endotoxins and enterotoxins)
in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, experimental studies have shown that kaolin-pectin has been an
ineffective binder of Escherichia coli enterotoxin, and clinical studies have failed to show a benefit from the
administration of kaolin-pectin.
Kaolin is a form of aluminum
silicate, and pectin is a
carbohydrate that is extracted
from the rinds of citrus
fruits. This product has a claim
to act as a demulcent and
adsorbent in the treatment of
diarrhea.
8. History and Traditional Usage
www.jibachhavet.com 8
Blumenthal and others (2000), naturopathic physicians and medical herbalists
prescribe mullein for chronic otitis media and eczema of the ear.
Mullein tea is given to treat patients with influenza, catarrh, bronchitis, and tracheitis and
is thought to be effective because of the mucilage content, which coats and soothes
irritated mucous membranes, and the mild expectorant action of saponins.
The German Commission E
recognizes mullein flowers for
treating catarrh, and clinical
studies have shown antiviral
action against fowl plague virus,
influenza A and B, and herpes
simplex virus (Blumenthal, 2000).
9. Emollients
www.jibachhavet.com 9
having the power of softening or relaxing, as a medicinal substance; soothing, especially to
the skin: emollient lotions for the face.
Conditioner is a premium coat and skin treatment that comes directly to pet. conditioner includes
shea butter, which is a fatty oil derived from African shea tree nuts. It „s widely known for its skin
softening attributes and helps balance natural oils within hair and skin.
Emollients may be used in a lotion,
cream, ointment, or gel to prevent or
treat dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and
other skin problems, such as rashes
or burns.
another name for an emollient is a moisturizer.
11. Mechanism of action
. 11
Emollients include fats such as lanolin, hydrocarbons such as
paraffin, petrolatum and mineral oil etc.
These agents are added to shampoos as vehicles and for their local effects in softening and
protecting the skin. Example humectants such as carboxylic acid and lactic acid and oils
such as olive, cottonseed, corn, almond, peanut and coconut oil.
Emollients soften the skin
by forming an occlusive oil
film on the stratum
corneum, thus decreasing
the trans epidermal water
www.jibachhavet.com
12. Emollient laxatives
. 12
The enema preparations are all veterinary-licensed products, but the oral preparations are not.
Docusate sodium (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate)
•Dogs: 50–300 mg PO q.12–24 h; 10–15 mL of a 5% solution mixed with 100 mL of water and
instilled per rectum
•Cats: 50 mg PO q.12–24 h; 2 mL of a 5% solution mixed with 50 mL of water and instilled per
rectum
Emollient laxatives are anionic detergents that reduce surface tension, thus
increasing the miscibility of water and lipid digesta.
www.jibachhavet.com
13. Atopic Dermatitis and Allergic Contact Dermatitis
www.jibachhavet.com 13
Canine atopic dermatitis
The use of an effective emollient, especially when combined with hydration therapy, helps
to restore and preserve the stratum corneum barrier and can decrease the need for topical
corticosteroids. Moisturizers are available as lotions, creams, and ointments.
Treatment with emollients
is important both during
the course of steroid
treatment and as part of
long-term management.
15. Adsorbents and Protective
www.jibachhavet.com 15
When used in medicine, it physically binds to acids and toxic substances in the
stomach and digestive
Adsorbents are finely powdered, inert and insoluble solids capable of binding to
their surface (adsorbing) noxious and irritant substances. They are also called
protectives because they provide physical protection to the skin or mucosa.
Intestinal Adsorbents:
Used as a antidote to treat
poisonings following excessive oral
ingestion of certain medications or
poisons.
17. Mechanism of action
17
Active charcoal acts by binding to the pharmaceutical drugs or poisons such as
organophosphates and decreasing the systemic absorption of toxic agents.
Following the administration of activated charcoal, cathartics are indicated to evacuate the
charcoal-poison bonded complex from the gastrointestinal tract. Activated charcoal may
also have an effect on systemic drug levels by lowering the serum levels of already
absorbed drugs or toxins. Many absorbed drugs that undergo significant hepatic
metabolism and conjugation are eliminated via bile into the small intestines. When they
reach the small intestines, drug conjugates can undergo hydrolysis and return to the
enterohepatic circulation. Pectin MOA-unknown
www.jibachhavet.co
Charcoal/Pectin
18. Astringents and Counter-irritants:
www.jibachhavet.com 18
Astringents are substances that precipitate proteins, but do not penetrate cells,
thus affecting the superficial layer only.
Counter-irritants:(Examples Capsaicin, menthol (mint oil), methyl salicylate, and camphor).
Counter-irritants are substances which are applied to the skin to cause local irritation and
inflammation. The reasoning which prompts their use is that, where a chronic inflammation exists,
a counter-irritant will cause an over-riding acute inflammation with a great increase in vascularity
and consequently an increased blood supply to the area.
An astringent (sometime
s called adstringent) is a
chemical that shrinks or
constricts body ...
In medicine, their dried
form has been used as
an astringent.
19. Astringents& Counter irritant
The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 19
Classification
(i) Tannic acid and tannins,(ii) Alcohol (ethanol
and methanol) → 50 – 90%
(a) Bismuth carbonate,(b) Alum c) Aluminium hydroxy-chloride(d) Zinc
oxide(e) Zirconyl hydroxychloride.,(f) Zinc sulfate,(g) Calamine
(
a) Tannic acid, (b) gallic acid, (c) kino, (d) Krameria, (e) rubus (
blackberry).
Volatile oil:(a) Turpentine oil,(b) Eucalyptus oil,(c) Clove oil (d)
Menthol (e)Camphor
(vii) Alcohol,(viii) Iodine,(ix) Mercuric iodide,(x)
Ammonia.
Astringents:
Methyl salicylate
Mineral astringents:
Vegetable astringents
Counter-irritants
23. Skin irritation is known as “the production of reversible damage of the skin following the
application up to 4 hours”.
Pathological characteristics and manifestation of skin irritation such as, Erythema and edema
are manifestations of dermal irritation.
Irritation is initially manifest by redness (erythema), vesicles, serous exudates, serous scabs
(eschar) and various degrees of swelling (edema). Over time, other reactions may be manifest,
like small areas of scaling, hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and alopecia.
Counter Irritant
25. Caustics (Corrosive) and Escharotics (Cauterizers):
www.jibachhavet.com 25
These chemicals cause local tissue destruction and sloughing.An escharotic, in addition, precipitates
proteins that exude to form a scab → gets fibrosed to form a tough scar.
They are used to remove moles, warts, condylomata, papillomas, to destroy horn
buds in calves, and on keratotic lesions. Care is needed in their application to avoid
ulceration.
26. Caustics (Corrosive) and Escharotics (Cauterizers):
26
Chemical used in treatment of wart,papilomas and condylomata,are
Caustic means corrosive and Escharotic means cauterizer.
These chemicals cause local tissue destruction and sloughing.
www.jibachhavet.com
27. How to used Silver Nitrate
www.jibachhavet.com 27
Silver nitrate is a highly caustic material, so it must be used with caution to prevent damage to healthy tissues.
Silver nitrate applicators are firm wooden sticks with 75% silver nitrate and 25% potassium
nitrate embedded on the tip. Moistening the tip sparks a chemical reaction that burns
organic matter (skin), coagulates tissue, and destroys bacteria.
28. Keratolytics and wound healing agent
The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 28
Keratolytics dissolve the intercellular substance in the horny layer of skin.
The epidermal cells swell, soften and then desquamate. They are used on hyper-keratotic lesions
like corns, warts, psoriasis, chronic dermatitis, ring worm, athletes foot, etc.
30. Dermatologic and Otic (into ear) Agents
www.jibachhavet.com 30
(i) Undecylenic acid,(ii) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),(iii) Topical Corticosteroids
DMSO is used topically to decrease pain and speed the healing of wounds, burns, and muscle
and skeletal injuries. DMSO is also used topically to treat painful conditions such as headache,
inflammation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and severe facial pain called tic douloureux.
33. Topical Antimicrobials (Antifungals):
www.jibachhavet.com 33
Antifungals:
Miconazole
Enilconazole
Amitraz (in Demodectic mange)
Malachite green (used in fish)
Formaldehyde solution (used in fish)
Clotrimazole
Cuprimyxin
Ketoconazole
Copper sulfate
Benzyl benzoate 25%
34. Local anaesthesia
The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 34
Lignocain HCl
Lidocaine topical (for use on the
skin) is used to reduce pain or
discomfort caused by skin
irritations such as sunburn, insect
bites, poison ivy, poison oak,
poison sumac, and minor cuts,
scratches, or burns. Lidocaine
topical is also used to treat rectal
discomfort caused
by hemorrhoids.
Amethocain,Benzocain
Benzocaine belongs to a group of medicines known as
topical local anesthetics.
This product is available in the following dosage forms:
Solution
Gel/Jelly
Spray
Liquid
Ointmen
35. Lignocain topical
www.jibachhavet.com 35
Before use on the skin, clean and dry the affected area as directed. Apply a
thin layer of medication to the affected area of skin, usually 2 to 3 times a
day