Glaucoma is a condition that causes a build-up of fluid and pressure in the eye. If too much fluid (called aqueous humor fluid) is made or too little fluid is drained, the pressure of the eye increases and causes damage to the retina and the optic nerve, which ultimately leads to blindness

1. Glaucoma in dog
A case study of mode of action of drug for
practicing veterinarian and students
Dr. Jibachha Sah, M.V.Sc, Lecturer,
Veterinary pharmacology, NPI, Chitwan,
Nepal,+977-9845024121
Pharmacology clinical case file

2. Case study
2
A 8 years old Labrador female dog noted to have open angle
glaucoma and prescribed pilocarpin ophthalmic drop.

3. Ask yourself
3
●What is action of pilocarpine on the muscle of the iris and
cilia?
●What receptor mediates this action?
●Is pilocarpine the appropriate first line drug for treatment of
open angle glaucoma?

4. Glaucoma clinical correlation
4
Open angle glaucoma is a disease caused by obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor into the canal of
Schlemm, causing an increase in intraocular pressure.
Schlemm's canal is a circular lymphatic-like vessel in
the eye that collects aqueous humor from the anterior
chamber and delivers it into the episcleral blood
vessels via aqueous veins. It is named after
Friedrich Schlemm (1795–1858), a German
anatomist.
Schlemm's
canal

5. What is action of pilocarpine eye drop?
5
Pilocarpine is a direct acting muscarinic agonist, which
contract the muscle of cilia and iris of the eyes. Because these
are circular muscles, the pupil is constricted, which help to
relieve outflow of obstruction and lower the intra ocular
pressure.

6. Option of Pilocarpine ophthalmic drop
6
Latanoprost ophthalmic is used to
treat glaucoma (a condition in which increased
pressure in the eye can lead to gradual loss of
vision) and ocular hypertension (a condition
which causes increased pressure in the eye).
Latanoprost is in a class of medications called
prostaglandin analogs.

7. Answer
7
●What is action of pilocarpine on the muscle of the iris and cilia? Constriction of the
muscle
●What receptor mediates this action? Muscarinic cholinoreceptor
●Is pilocarpine the appropriate first line drug for treatment of open angle glaucoma?
Prostaglandin analogs

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