This document analyzes drought conditions in Kolar District using remote sensing and GIS techniques. It begins with an introduction to the study area and analysis of rainfall data. Various drought parameters like percentage rainfall departure, standardized precipitation index, moisture adequacy index, and normalized difference vegetation index are calculated. Maps and tables of these parameters from 2011-2015 are presented. Based on the analysis, 6 of the 27 hoblis in Kolar District met the criteria for drought during the 2015 southwest monsoon season. The document concludes with recommendations for drought management and mitigation.

1. ASSESSMENT OF DROUGHT USING RS AND
GIS FOR KOLAR DISTRICT
AKASH K P
5WD14CGI02

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction to Study Area
 Rainfall Analysis
 Drought Analysis
 Discussion and Conclusion
 Recommendations

3. STUDY AREA : KOLAR

4. Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone of Kolar
District
 Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR): Central Karanantaka Plateau, hot, moist
semi-arid eco-subregion
 Agro-Climatic Region (Planning Commission): Southern Plateau and Hills
Region (X)
 Agro Climatic Zone (NARP): Eastern Dry Zone (KA-5)
 These all the districts or part there of falling under the NARP Zone Tumkur,
Bengaluru Rural, Bengaluru Urban, Ramanagara, Kolar , Chikkaballapur
Tumkur, Bengaluru Rural, Bengaluru Urban, Ramanagara, Kolar ,
Chikkaballapur

5. Drought History in Kolar

6. Rainfall Map of Normal Rainfall

7. Rainfall Maps of Pre Monsoon

8. Rainfall Maps of SW Monsoon

9. Rainfall Map of North East Monsoon

10. Graph Showing RF in MM v/s Time in
Years
568.3
393.6
705.3
554.1
1021.7
562.8
883.5
492.7
424.1
922.4
573.6
755.8
847.9
791.1
869.1
948.1
566
715.7
869.3
757
506.4
689.7
622.3
724.9
766.2
355.3
827.6
824.4
553.2
665.4675.8
1120
731.8
1238.3
695.8
760.1
973.6
644.2
1285.2
883.5
844.5
1115
552.1547
992.1
1264.8
662.2
702.7
1061.8
774
1088.5
717
759.5
716.5725
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
RFINMM
TIME IN YEARS
NORMAL RF V/S ANNUAL RF OF KOLAR (T Q)
ANNUAL ANNUAL AVERAGE OF KOLAR DISTRICT (TALUK WISE) Poly. (ANNUAL)

11. What is Drought?
Drought is the consequence of a natural reduction in
the amount of precipitation over an extended period of
time, usually a season or more in length, often associated
with other climatic factors (viz. high temperatures, high
winds and low relative humidity) that can aggravate the
severity of the drought event.

12. What are the different types of
drought?
1. Meteorological Drought
2. Hydrological Drought
3. Agricultural Drought
4. Socio-Economic Drought

13. DROUGHT PARAMETERS USED
1. Meteorological Drought Parameters
a. Seasonal Departure From Rainfall
b. Standardized Precipitation Index
2. Agricultural Drought Parameters
a. Moisture Adequacy Index
b. Aridity Anomaly Index
c. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

14. Defining and monitoring of Drought
1.Meteorogical Drought
In India, commonly meteorological drought over an area is defined as a
situation when the seasonal rainfall received over the area is less than 75% of its long
term average value. It is further classified according to KSNDMC
1. Deficit=if Negative departure is between 20 TO 60%
2. Scanty=if Negative departure is Above the 60% of the normal.

15. SEASONAL PERCENTAGE DEPARTURE OF
RAINFALL
Departure of rainfall (%) = ((AR-NR)/NR)*100
Where, AR=Actual Rainfall (mm)
NR=Normal Rainfall (mm)

16. Percentage Departure Maps

17. Standardized Precipitation Index
The SPI is a dimensionless index where negative values indicate drought and
the positive values indicate wet conditions.
SPI = ((AR-NR)/SD)
Where, AR=Actual Rainfall (mm)
NR=Normal Rainfall (mm)
SD= Standard Deviation

18. SPI Maps

19. Advantages and Disadvantages
Standardized Precipitation Index

20. Table Showing % Dep and SPI Analysis

21. Defining and monitoring of Drought
2.Agricultural Drought
It occurs when soil moisture and rainfall are inadequate
during crop growing season to support healthy crop maturity
and cause extreme crop growth to maturity and cause
extreme crop stress and wilt.
Here are some of the parameters that describes Agricultural
drought we have used in KSNDMC.
a. Moisture Adequacy Index
b. Aridity Anomaly Index
c. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

22. Moisture Adequacy Index and Aridity
Anomaly Index
MAI: According to Thornthwaite’s Concept MAI is Defined as the ratio of
actual evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration (PET) and is a good
indicator of moisture status of the soil in relation to the water need.
AAI: An aridity anomaly index (AI) is a numerical indicator of the degree of
dryness of the climate at a given location.
According to Thornthwaite’s Concept AAI is Defined as The ratio of Difference
between Actual Evapotranspiration and Potential Evopotranspiration to the
mean annual potential evapotranspiration (PET).

23. Formula’s and Classification’s

24. When P>PET,
 AET =PET
When P<PET,
 AET = PET+ (P-PE) - dS
MAI = (AET/PET) * 100
AAI = (PET-AET)/PET * 100
 AWC = Available Water Capacity
 (field capacity-wilting point)X(soil depth)
 SW = Available Soil Water (i.e., above wilting pt.)
 APWL = Accumulated Potential Water Loss (negative)
 P = Net Precipitation; P - PET
 P = Precipitation
 PET = Potential Evapotranspiration
 AET = Actual Evapotranspiration
 Delta = Difference in Previous Week and Present Week Available Soil Water
MAI MAI CONDITION
0-25 SEVERE
25-50 MODERATE
50-75 AGRI FAVORABLE
75-100 HUMID REGION
AAI AAI CONDITION
0-30 MILD DEPARTURE
30-50 MODERATE DEPARTURE
50-100 SEVERE DEPARTURE

25. MAI and AAI 1st Week Analysis Table
Hobli wise

26. Maps of MAI

27. Maps of AAI

28. Normalized Difference Vegetative Index
Normalized difference vegetative index is based on the concept that
vegetation vigour is an indicator of water availability or lack of water. It
shows us the effect of climate on vegetation in terms of its absorptive
capacity in visible light but little in near infrared. The difference of visible
and near infrared reflectance represents photosynthetic ally active
vegetation. This information is used in the construction of vegetation index.
The lowering of vegetation index indicates the moisture stress in vegetation
due prolonged rainfall deficiency.

29. NDVI Classification
 The map from June to September for the year 2015 shown below depicts the
vegetation health index
 The vegetation pattern are been classifies as follows
 Green colour- Healthy Crops
 Yellow indicates-Moderate Moisture stress on the crops
 Brown indicates-Sever Moisture stress on the crops

30. Maps of NDVI

31. Maps of NDVI

32. Graph’s Showing Variation of NDVI
Chart and Percentage Departure
JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
2011 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5
2012 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4
2013 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5
2014 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4
2015 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.2 0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.2 0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
VARIATION OF NDVI CHART IN KOLAR
TALUK
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
2011 7.5 24.4 -35.1 3.1 1.8
2012 -3.6 20.0 14.4 -3.9 -15.5
2013 -28.4 -50.5 29.7 18.5 8.6
2014 -4.3 -10.7 -19.5 -24.5 -7.6
2015 28.8 16.7 10.5 6.8 12.8
7.5 24.4
-35.1
3.1 1.8-3.6
20.0
14.4
-3.9
-15.5
-28.4
-50.5
29.7
18.5
8.6
-4.3 -10.7
-19.5
-24.5
-7.6
28.8
16.7
10.5
6.8
12.8
-60.0
-50.0
-40.0
-30.0
-20.0
-10.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
PERCENTAGE DEPARTURE FROM AVERAGE
NDVI (2011- 2015) IN KOLAR TALUK
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

33. Conclusion’s
According to KSNDMC any 2 indices out of 4 indices satisfies Drought
means they will declare as drought affected regions.
So we found 6 hobli’s out of 27 hoblis in a Kolar district are affected by
drought during South West Monsoon 2015.

34. Conclusion Table
Hobli % DEP D SPI SPI CONDITION MAI SW MAI CONDITION AAI SW AAI CONDITION SW
DROUGHT
BANGARAPET
-9.0 ND -0.6 NEAR NORMAL 59.5 AGRI FAVORABLE 40.5 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
BETMANGALA
2.9 ND 0.2 NEAR NORMAL 60.4 AGRI FAVORABLE 39.6 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
BUDIKOTE
-12.1 ND -0.7 NEAR NORMAL 51.1 AGRI FAVORABLE 48.9 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
KAMSANDRA
6.9 ND 0.4 NEAR NORMAL 58.5 AGRI FAVORABLE 41.5 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
KYASAMBALLI
11.7 ND 0.7 NEAR NORMAL 75.0 HUMID 25.0 MILD DEP
NO DROUGHT
ROBERTSONPET
-6.4 ND -0.4 NEAR NORMAL 57.2 AGRI FAVORABLE 42.8 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
KOLAR -40.4 MD -2.6 EXTREMELY DRY 41.0 MODERATE 59.0 SEVERE DEP DROUGHT
HOLURU -32.6 MD -2.1 EXTREMELY DRY 44.7 MODERATE 55.3 SEVERE DEP DROUGHT
HUTTUR
-18.6 ND -1.2 MODERATELY DRY 55.3 AGRI FAVORABLE 44.7 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
NARASAPURA
20.7 ND 1.3 MODERATELY WET 77.3 HUMID 22.7 MILD DEP
NO DROUGHT
SUGATURU
-23.8 ND -1.5 SEVERELY DRY 50.1 AGRI FAVORABLE 49.9 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
VAKKALERI
-28.1 MD -1.8 SEVERELY DRY 60.7 AGRI FAVORABLE 39.3 MODERATE DEP
DROUGHT
VEMAGAL
-11.1 ND -0.7 NEAR NORMAL 57.2 AGRI FAVORABLE 42.8 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
MALUR
-2.6 ND -0.2 NEAR NORMAL 57.9 AGRI FAVORABLE 42.1 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
LAKKUR
-5.6 ND -0.3 NEAR NORMAL 53.9 AGRI FAVORABLE 46.1 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
MASATHI
7.7 ND 0.4 NEAR NORMAL 57.0 AGRI FAVORABLE 43.0 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
TYAKAL
-13.7 ND -0.8 NEAR NORMAL 52.1 AGRI FAVORABLE 47.9 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
MULABAGAL
-18.2 ND -1.2 MODERATELY DRY 64.4 AGRI FAVORABLE 35.6 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
AVANI
8.5 ND 0.6 NEAR NORMAL 65.8 AGRI FAVORABLE 34.2 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
BAIRAKUR -29.2 MD -1.9 SEVERELY DRY 48.2 MODERATE 51.8 SEVERE DEP DROUGHT
DUGGASANDRA -27.0 MD -1.8 SEVERELY DRY 44.6 MODERATE 55.4 SEVERE DEP DROUGHT
TAYILUR
-2.7 ND -0.2 NEAR NORMAL 61.9 AGRI FAVORABLE 38.1 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
SRINIVASPUR
-1.3 ND -0.1 NEAR NORMAL 61.5 AGRI FAVORABLE 38.5 MODERATE DEP
NO DROUGHT
NELAVANKI 14.9 ND 0.9 NEAR NORMAL 72.3 AGRI FAVORABLE 27.7 MILD DEP NO DROUGHT
RONURU -3.6 ND -0.2 NEAR NORMAL 62.3 AGRI FAVORABLE 37.7 MODERATE DEP NO DROUGHT
RAYALPADU -18.3 ND -1.1 MODERATELY DRY 55.0 AGRI FAVORABLE 45.0 MODERATE DEP NO DROUGHT
YELLDUR -38.9 MD -2.4 EXTREMELY DRY 42.0 MODERATE 58.0 SEVERE DEP DROUGHT

35. Conclusion Map

36. THANK YOU…..