Drains are tubes used after abdominal surgery to remove fluids from incisions and prevent infections. There are three main types - closed systems which prevent contaminants, open systems which drain onto dressings, and suction systems which use pumps. Common drains include Jackson-Pratt bulbs for suction, Penrose tubes for passive drainage, and T-tubes after gallbladder removal. Placement depends on the surgery and expected drainage. Drains can cause infections or tissue damage if not used properly.
This topic is been added in the new edition ( 26th ) of Bailey & Love. This topic covers the types, uses and also the principles of removal of a drain. Every MBBS student should be aware of drains & its uses in surgery.
This presentation is about surgical drains and the techniques of draining the surgical wounds. Advancements in the surgical drains are also discussed and mentioned.
This presentation is a general overview of the various drains used in surgery.
It entails the history of drains, rationale of drains, indications of drains, the factors that affect flowrate, classification of drains and the care of drains.
This topic is been added in the new edition ( 26th ) of Bailey & Love. This topic covers the types, uses and also the principles of removal of a drain. Every MBBS student should be aware of drains & its uses in surgery.
This presentation is about surgical drains and the techniques of draining the surgical wounds. Advancements in the surgical drains are also discussed and mentioned.
This presentation is a general overview of the various drains used in surgery.
It entails the history of drains, rationale of drains, indications of drains, the factors that affect flowrate, classification of drains and the care of drains.
Long segment urethral strictures with a very narrow lumen pose an immense challenges for buccal mucosa augmentation urethroplasty.
Larger discrepancy in size of the graft and the native urethral plate makes it difficult to place the sutures and also makes the graft vulnerable to contracture and fibrosis.
Increasing the width of the urethral plate by a vertical midline mucosal incision and applying an additional inlay buccal mucosal graft may lessen the discrepancy and help in improving the adequacy of the urethral lumen.
Other option to deal with these kind of strictures is dorsal onlay and ventral inlay.
Spongiofibrosis is never full thickness except in traumatic injury ( straddle injury/blunt trauma)
Partial thickness Spongiofibrosis and scarred mucosa can be removed completely and replaced by buccal mucosa.
Lithotomy position
Epidural + general anesthesia.
Vertical perineal incision. Mobilization of bulbar urethra
Dorsal ( one side kulkarni’s technique)or ventral urethrotomy
Vertical midline incision or complete removal of scarred urethral plate with removal of thin layer of spongiofibrosis.
Inlay and onlay grafting done
Urethra closed over 16 fr
Results were analysed on the basis of pre and post operative uroflowmetry.
Any kind of instrumentation was considered as failure.
Mean follow up 630 days.
22 patients have significant better flow rate after surgery
One patient developed ring stricture near proximal anastomosis and managed by urethral dilatation.
One patient developed abscess followed by urine leak and was managed conservatively with indwelling catheter and antibiotics.
Combined urethroplasty avoid complete transection of urethra.
It widens the native urethral plate in an anatomical manner
Reduces the disparity between urethral plate and onlay buccal mucosa.
improves the success rate of long and very narrow bulbar urethra strictures
Long segment urethral strictures with a very narrow lumen pose an immense challenges for buccal mucosa augmentation urethroplasty.
Larger discrepancy in size of the graft and the native urethral plate makes it difficult to place the sutures and also makes the graft vulnerable to contracture and fibrosis.
Increasing the width of the urethral plate by a vertical midline mucosal incision and applying an additional inlay buccal mucosal graft may lessen the discrepancy and help in improving the adequacy of the urethral lumen.
Other option to deal with these kind of strictures is dorsal onlay and ventral inlay.
Spongiofibrosis is never full thickness except in traumatic injury ( straddle injury/blunt trauma)
Partial thickness Spongiofibrosis and scarred mucosa can be removed completely and replaced by buccal mucosa.
Lithotomy position
Epidural + general anesthesia.
Vertical perineal incision. Mobilization of bulbar urethra
Dorsal ( one side kulkarni’s technique)or ventral urethrotomy
Vertical midline incision or complete removal of scarred urethral plate with removal of thin layer of spongiofibrosis.
Inlay and onlay grafting done
Urethra closed over 16 fr
Results were analysed on the basis of pre and post operative uroflowmetry.
Any kind of instrumentation was considered as failure.
Mean follow up 630 days.
22 patients have significant better flow rate after surgery
One patient developed ring stricture near proximal anastomosis and managed by urethral dilatation.
One patient developed abscess followed by urine leak and was managed conservatively with indwelling catheter and antibiotics.
Combined urethroplasty avoid complete transection of urethra.
It widens the native urethral plate in an anatomical manner
Reduces the disparity between urethral plate and onlay buccal mucosa.
improves the success rate of long and very narrow bulbar urethra strictures
It is the removal of solutes and water from body across a semipermeable membrane (dialyzer)
care during and after the dialysis is very important to prevent the entry of pathogens in to the body.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. INTRO :
• A surgical drain is a tube used to remove pus, blood or
other fluids from a wound.
• Drains are typically used after GI surgeries and are
placed near the incision where drainage is expected.
• Drains are also a method of collecting drainage for
measurement, keeping the incision and area surrounding
skin dry while helping to prevent infections.
3.
4. • Substances that are normally drained are :
• Blood
• Bile
• Pus
• Urine
• Bowel anastomotic leaks
• Saliva
• Serum/lymph
• Pancreatic secretions
5. ADVANTAGES:
1. Drainage of fluid removes potential sources of
infections
2. Drains guard against further fluid collections
3. May allow the early detection of anastomotic leaks or
haemorrhage.
4. To reduce the risk of hematoma formation and break
down of wound.
5. To prevent an excessive amount of blood and fluid that
collects in cavities of the body and around organs.
6. Faster wound healing
6.
7. DISADVANTAGES :
1. Presence of a drain increases the risk of infection
2. Damage may be caused by mechanical pressure or
suction
3. Drains may induce an anastomotic leak.
8. PRINCIPLES OF DRAINAGE
• Septic wound should be drained.
• Aseptic wounds those having oozing vessels or large
area.
• Wounds with chances of more fluid collection inside.
• Leaking wounds from anastomosis.
9. Qualities of agooddrain
(Ideal drain)
Soft to firm-Minimal damage to surrounding
tissues
Smooth -Efficiently evacuate effluent and easy
removal
Sterile- not potentiate infection or allow
introduction of
infection from external environment
Stable- Inert, non allergenic, not degraded by
body
Simple to manage by both patient and staff
10. TYPES OF DRAIN:
• Three types of drainage systems:
1) Closed drainage system
2) Open drainage system
3) Suction drainage system
11. • The closed drainage system:
• It is a system of tubing or other apparatus that is attached
to the body to remove fluids in an airtight circuit that
prevents any type of environmental contaminants from
entering the wound or area being drained.
12. • The open drainage system :
• It is a tube or apparatus that is inserted into the body and
drains out onto a dressing.
• Suction system :
• It uses a pumps or mechanical devices to help pull the
excessive fluid from the body.
• Drains are often made from inert silastic material and they
induce minimal tissue reaction.
14. • ACTIVE DRAINS :
• They are maintained under suction.
• They can be under low or high pressure.
Closed: Jackson pratt drain, hemovac drain.
Open: sump drain.
• PASSIVE DRAINS(WITHOUT SUCTION):
• They have NO suction.
Closed: NGT , Foleys catheter, T-tube
Open: penrose drain, corrugated drain.
17. • A jackson-pratt drain/bulb
drain :
• It is a surgical drainage device
used to pull excess fluid from the
body by constant suction.
• Device consist of flexible bulb
shaped thing that connects to an
internal drainage tube.
• Commonly used in mastectomy.
18.
19. • A penrose drain:
• It consists of a soft rubber
tube placed in a wound
area to prevent the build up
of fluid.
• It removes fluid from that
area.
• it is a common passive
drain.
20.
21. • Redivac drain/hemovac drain:
• It is a closed drainage system.
• It works by suction that pulls the drainage from body into
a collection tank.
22. • Drainage of wound to prevent hematoma e.g.after thyroid
surgery, repair of incisional hernia .
23. • T-Tube drain:
• It is used mostly for patients
who have undergone
gallbladder surgery.
• This type of drainage
resembles a T and drains
into a collecting bag.
24. • Cigarette drain:
• It is a drain made by drawing a small strip of gauze or
surgical sponge into a rubber tube.
25. • Corrugated rubber drain:
• The corrugations provide
an increased surface area
for capillary action of fluid
and also serve as channels
for fluid flow.
• Size: 250×250 mm,
• 400×25 mm sheets
28. • Pig-tail catheters:
• It has a spiralled tip, which is straightened during insertion
by means of a guide wire.
• Once correctly placed, the tip can be “locked” in curled
position by means of a string in the lumen, which is
placed under tension by turning a lock at external end of
drain.
• This curled tip helps to prevent any accidental dislodging
of drain.
• It can be used for drainage of collections in most locations
including renal pelvis.
30. • Nasogastric tubes:
• Following abdominal surgery GI motility is reduced for a
variable period of time. GI secretions accumulate in stoma
and proximal small bowel and it may result in :
• Post-op distention and vomitting
• Aspiration pneumonia
• May increased risk of pulmonary complications
• Tubes are usually left on free drainage.
31.
32.
33. • Urinary catheters:
• It is a form of drain, which commonly used to
prevent urinary retention and monitor urine
output.
• It can be inserted transurethral or suprapubically.
• Catheter may vary by following features:
• Material
• Length of catheter
• Number of channels
• Size of the balloon
• Shape of the tip