There are various health benefits to practicing sun salutations or Surya Namaskar including stretching and strengthening the whole body while aiding in weight management and relaxation of the mind. It consists of 12 positions that correspond to the signs of the zodiac and involve specific physical postures, breathing, mantras, awareness, and relaxation in shavasana. Each position provides benefits such as improved flexibility of the spine and muscles or strengthened areas like the chest. It is recommended to start with 2 rounds and work up to 12 rounds daily for overall health.
HR Policies & Employment Legislation
Employment Legislation and Standards
Employment standards are the minimum standards of employment for workplaces required by law. Employment standards cover many aspects of employment including, but not limited to, the following topic areas:
Minimum wage
Minimum daily pay
Meal breaks
Payment of earnings (paydays)
Hours of work
Overtime
Statutory holidays
Annual vacation
Vacation pay
Employment of people under 18
Leave from work
Resolving disputes
Termination
Maternity leave
Weekly day of rest
Deductions
Keeping records
Sexual harassment
Probationary periods
Parental leave
Definition of "employee"
Any HR policies that you develop around the above topics, and any others covered by employment standards, must not provide less than what is offered in the legislation and/ or regulations. The employment standards legislation offers minimum standards; employers are free to develop policies or practices that enhance (provide better standards) than what is allowed for in the law.
HR Policies & Employment Legislation
Human Rights Legislation
Human rights legislation is put in place to protect people from discrimination. It seeks to guarantee people equal treatment regardless of certain identified characteristics (called “prohibited grounds of discrimination”) that have attracted historical stereotyping or bias in relation to employment.
Employers, including nonprofit organizations, need to be aware of human rights legislation as it applies to all practices of employment, including:
Recruitment ads
Application forms
Interviews
Hiring
Dismissal/termination
Promotion
Demotion
Benefits
Wages
Workplace harassment
As organizations strive to create a better world through their missions, it is important that they also work at creating inclusive workplaces that are respectful and welcoming of diversity. Most of the sites below have excellent resources and tools that your organization can use in creating policies, in the hiring process, and in building a more diverse and respectful workforce. We encourage you to explore several of the websites below as they offer a wealth of information that can often be applied across provincial/territorial lines. Particular attention should be paid to the employer’s duty to accommodate an employee in the workplace.
Spirituality in Management: Implications for Management Education in IndiaDr. Subhash Sharma
This presentation traces the history of management thought in terms of its transition from Science in Management to Spirituality in Management. It also suggests paradigm shifts in management theory from MBO to MBHO (Management By Higher Objectives) and HOPE(Higher Order Purpose of Existence).
Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) is the trade union wing of the Indian National Congress.To establish an order of society which is free from hindrance in the way on an all round development of its individual members, which fosters the growth of human personality in all its aspects and goes to the utmost limit in progressively eliminating social political or economic exploitation and inequality, the profit motive in the economic activity and organisation of society and the anti-social concentration in any form.
HR Policies & Employment Legislation
Employment Legislation and Standards
Employment standards are the minimum standards of employment for workplaces required by law. Employment standards cover many aspects of employment including, but not limited to, the following topic areas:
Minimum wage
Minimum daily pay
Meal breaks
Payment of earnings (paydays)
Hours of work
Overtime
Statutory holidays
Annual vacation
Vacation pay
Employment of people under 18
Leave from work
Resolving disputes
Termination
Maternity leave
Weekly day of rest
Deductions
Keeping records
Sexual harassment
Probationary periods
Parental leave
Definition of "employee"
Any HR policies that you develop around the above topics, and any others covered by employment standards, must not provide less than what is offered in the legislation and/ or regulations. The employment standards legislation offers minimum standards; employers are free to develop policies or practices that enhance (provide better standards) than what is allowed for in the law.
HR Policies & Employment Legislation
Human Rights Legislation
Human rights legislation is put in place to protect people from discrimination. It seeks to guarantee people equal treatment regardless of certain identified characteristics (called “prohibited grounds of discrimination”) that have attracted historical stereotyping or bias in relation to employment.
Employers, including nonprofit organizations, need to be aware of human rights legislation as it applies to all practices of employment, including:
Recruitment ads
Application forms
Interviews
Hiring
Dismissal/termination
Promotion
Demotion
Benefits
Wages
Workplace harassment
As organizations strive to create a better world through their missions, it is important that they also work at creating inclusive workplaces that are respectful and welcoming of diversity. Most of the sites below have excellent resources and tools that your organization can use in creating policies, in the hiring process, and in building a more diverse and respectful workforce. We encourage you to explore several of the websites below as they offer a wealth of information that can often be applied across provincial/territorial lines. Particular attention should be paid to the employer’s duty to accommodate an employee in the workplace.
Spirituality in Management: Implications for Management Education in IndiaDr. Subhash Sharma
This presentation traces the history of management thought in terms of its transition from Science in Management to Spirituality in Management. It also suggests paradigm shifts in management theory from MBO to MBHO (Management By Higher Objectives) and HOPE(Higher Order Purpose of Existence).
Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) is the trade union wing of the Indian National Congress.To establish an order of society which is free from hindrance in the way on an all round development of its individual members, which fosters the growth of human personality in all its aspects and goes to the utmost limit in progressively eliminating social political or economic exploitation and inequality, the profit motive in the economic activity and organisation of society and the anti-social concentration in any form.
Corporate Social Responsibility and International Framework AgreementTrazHo
This is the short slides I made for my presentation at school.
This is the short slides I made for my presentation at school.
This is the first time that I've uploaded my slides on the internet...it seems that some format error appear in the slides.
i'll correct them and upload them again another day.
Need for Industrial Relations Industrial Relationsmanumelwin
Need of Industrial Relation has arisen to defend the interest of workers for adjusting the reasonable salary or wages. It also helps the workers to seek perfect working condition for producing maximum output.
Present Scenario of Corporate Social Responsibilities in BangladeshMasum Hussain
The purpose of business is to make money. However, the profit motive is sometimes viewed as less than virtuous because it emphasizes self-interest. Nevertheless, self-interest is not the same as selfishness, which emphasizes one's own interests at others' expense. Self interest is simply a concern for financial reward and is arguably necessary if society is to be maximally productive and efficiently allocate its resources. Business is an inseparable and embedded part of the society. In addition to its economic role in society, business also has several other roles and responsibilities towards society viz. responsible conduct of business activities while pursuing economic gains; the social and environmental responsibilities of the business towards its stakeholders; and business’s contributions that would benefit the society at large. Companies around the globe are recognizing the importance of engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that is crucial to their survival and growth. It is evident that when an organization integrates appropriate CSR practices in its strategy that embed the societal and environmental concerns, these practices undoubtedly bring tangible benefits to the business along with a sustainable competitive advantage.
It is mandatory for companies to conform to the legal responsibilities as they are prescribed by law. So, organizations have no alternative but to comply with the basic law of the land. On the other hand, Ethical responsibilities of corporations are taken as additional responsibilities going beyond legal compliance and profit making and include those that firms believe are the right things to do. Ethical responsibility originates from humanistic, religious and moral orientation of corporations. The voluntary responsibilities to the society refer to the discretionary nature of obligations rooted in the altruistic principles which are not required by law. The motivation for such sense of responsibilities arises from the reciprocal obligation of giving back to the society in exchange of profit and power that companies receive from society. This school of thought gave rise to CSR which is seen as continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce, their families, local community, and society at all, including the environment. Even though Bangladesh is one of the world’s poorest countries, CSR activities in Bangladesh have risen significantly in importance. It is believed that the interest in CSR initiatives in Bangladesh has been fueled by MNCs’ global activities.
based on the latest syllabus 2020-21
include all the topics related to the chapter
-Asanas as Preventive measures
-Obesity: procedure, benefits and contraindications for Vajrasana, Pada Hastasana, Urdhva Hastasana, Trikonasana, Ardhmatseyendrasana
-Diabetes: procedure, benefits and contraindications for Bhujangasana, Paschimottasana, Pawanmuktasana, Ardhmatseyendrasana
-Asthma: procedure, benefits and contraindications for Sukhasana, Chakrasana, Gomukhasana, Parvatasana, Bhujangasana, Paschimottasana, Matsyasana
-Hypertension: procedure, benefits and contraindications for Tadasana, Vajrasana, Pawanmuktasana, Ardh chakrasana, Bhujangasana, Shavasana
-Back pain: procedure, benefits and contraindications for Tadasana, Ardhmatseyendrasana, Vakrasana, Shalabhasana, Bhujangasana
Main objective
To develop and maintain congenial labor management relation
To enhance the economic status of worker.
To regulate the productivity the minimizing industrial conflicts.
To extend & maintain industrial democracy.
To avoid industrial conflict & their consequences.
To develop & encourages trade unions to improve their worker’s strength.
How to do Sun Salutation with Steps
YOGA
Surya Namaskar - How to do Sun Salutation with Steps
Surya Namaskar or Sun Salutation is a sequence of 12 powerful yoga poses. Besides being a great Sun Salutation, also called Surya Namaskar(a) or Salute to the Sun[2] (Sanskrit: सूर्यनमस्कार, romanized: Sūryanamaskāra),[3] is a practice in yoga as exercise incorporating a flow sequence of some twelve gracefully linked asanas.[4][5] The asana sequence was first recorded as yoga in the early 20th century, though similar exercises were in use in India before that, for example among wrestlers. The basic sequence involves moving from a standing position into Downward and Upward Dog poses and then back to the standing position, but many variations are possible. The set of 12 asanas is dedicated to the Hindu solar deity, Surya. In some Indian traditions, the positions are each associated with a different mantra.
Sculpture of the 12 asanas of one form of the Sun Salutation[a] in Indira Gandhi Airport, Delhi[1] (figures sculpted by Nikhil Bhandari)
The precise origins of the Sun Salutation are uncertain, but the sequence was made popular in the early 20th century by Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi, the Rajah of Aundh, and adopted into yoga by Krishnamacharya in the Mysore Palace, where the Sun Salutation classes, not then considered to be yoga, were held next door to his yogasala. Pioneering yoga teachers taught by Krishnamacharya, including Pattabhi Jois and B. K. S. Iyengar, taught transitions between asanas derived from the Sun Salutation to their pupils worldwide.cardiovascular workout, Surya Namaskar is also known to have an immensely positive impact on the body and mind.
Practicing Surya Namaskar steps is best done early morning on an empty stomach. Each round of Sun Salutation consists of two sets, and each set is composed of 12 yoga poses. You might find several versions on how to practice Sun Salutation. However, it is advisable to stick to one particular version and practice it regularly for the best results.
Besides good health, Surya Namaskar also provides an opportunity to express gratitude to the sun for sustaining life on this planet.
Corporate Social Responsibility and International Framework AgreementTrazHo
This is the short slides I made for my presentation at school.
This is the short slides I made for my presentation at school.
This is the first time that I've uploaded my slides on the internet...it seems that some format error appear in the slides.
i'll correct them and upload them again another day.
Need for Industrial Relations Industrial Relationsmanumelwin
Need of Industrial Relation has arisen to defend the interest of workers for adjusting the reasonable salary or wages. It also helps the workers to seek perfect working condition for producing maximum output.
Present Scenario of Corporate Social Responsibilities in BangladeshMasum Hussain
The purpose of business is to make money. However, the profit motive is sometimes viewed as less than virtuous because it emphasizes self-interest. Nevertheless, self-interest is not the same as selfishness, which emphasizes one's own interests at others' expense. Self interest is simply a concern for financial reward and is arguably necessary if society is to be maximally productive and efficiently allocate its resources. Business is an inseparable and embedded part of the society. In addition to its economic role in society, business also has several other roles and responsibilities towards society viz. responsible conduct of business activities while pursuing economic gains; the social and environmental responsibilities of the business towards its stakeholders; and business’s contributions that would benefit the society at large. Companies around the globe are recognizing the importance of engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that is crucial to their survival and growth. It is evident that when an organization integrates appropriate CSR practices in its strategy that embed the societal and environmental concerns, these practices undoubtedly bring tangible benefits to the business along with a sustainable competitive advantage.
It is mandatory for companies to conform to the legal responsibilities as they are prescribed by law. So, organizations have no alternative but to comply with the basic law of the land. On the other hand, Ethical responsibilities of corporations are taken as additional responsibilities going beyond legal compliance and profit making and include those that firms believe are the right things to do. Ethical responsibility originates from humanistic, religious and moral orientation of corporations. The voluntary responsibilities to the society refer to the discretionary nature of obligations rooted in the altruistic principles which are not required by law. The motivation for such sense of responsibilities arises from the reciprocal obligation of giving back to the society in exchange of profit and power that companies receive from society. This school of thought gave rise to CSR which is seen as continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce, their families, local community, and society at all, including the environment. Even though Bangladesh is one of the world’s poorest countries, CSR activities in Bangladesh have risen significantly in importance. It is believed that the interest in CSR initiatives in Bangladesh has been fueled by MNCs’ global activities.
based on the latest syllabus 2020-21
include all the topics related to the chapter
-Asanas as Preventive measures
-Obesity: procedure, benefits and contraindications for Vajrasana, Pada Hastasana, Urdhva Hastasana, Trikonasana, Ardhmatseyendrasana
-Diabetes: procedure, benefits and contraindications for Bhujangasana, Paschimottasana, Pawanmuktasana, Ardhmatseyendrasana
-Asthma: procedure, benefits and contraindications for Sukhasana, Chakrasana, Gomukhasana, Parvatasana, Bhujangasana, Paschimottasana, Matsyasana
-Hypertension: procedure, benefits and contraindications for Tadasana, Vajrasana, Pawanmuktasana, Ardh chakrasana, Bhujangasana, Shavasana
-Back pain: procedure, benefits and contraindications for Tadasana, Ardhmatseyendrasana, Vakrasana, Shalabhasana, Bhujangasana
Main objective
To develop and maintain congenial labor management relation
To enhance the economic status of worker.
To regulate the productivity the minimizing industrial conflicts.
To extend & maintain industrial democracy.
To avoid industrial conflict & their consequences.
To develop & encourages trade unions to improve their worker’s strength.
How to do Sun Salutation with Steps
YOGA
Surya Namaskar - How to do Sun Salutation with Steps
Surya Namaskar or Sun Salutation is a sequence of 12 powerful yoga poses. Besides being a great Sun Salutation, also called Surya Namaskar(a) or Salute to the Sun[2] (Sanskrit: सूर्यनमस्कार, romanized: Sūryanamaskāra),[3] is a practice in yoga as exercise incorporating a flow sequence of some twelve gracefully linked asanas.[4][5] The asana sequence was first recorded as yoga in the early 20th century, though similar exercises were in use in India before that, for example among wrestlers. The basic sequence involves moving from a standing position into Downward and Upward Dog poses and then back to the standing position, but many variations are possible. The set of 12 asanas is dedicated to the Hindu solar deity, Surya. In some Indian traditions, the positions are each associated with a different mantra.
Sculpture of the 12 asanas of one form of the Sun Salutation[a] in Indira Gandhi Airport, Delhi[1] (figures sculpted by Nikhil Bhandari)
The precise origins of the Sun Salutation are uncertain, but the sequence was made popular in the early 20th century by Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi, the Rajah of Aundh, and adopted into yoga by Krishnamacharya in the Mysore Palace, where the Sun Salutation classes, not then considered to be yoga, were held next door to his yogasala. Pioneering yoga teachers taught by Krishnamacharya, including Pattabhi Jois and B. K. S. Iyengar, taught transitions between asanas derived from the Sun Salutation to their pupils worldwide.cardiovascular workout, Surya Namaskar is also known to have an immensely positive impact on the body and mind.
Practicing Surya Namaskar steps is best done early morning on an empty stomach. Each round of Sun Salutation consists of two sets, and each set is composed of 12 yoga poses. You might find several versions on how to practice Sun Salutation. However, it is advisable to stick to one particular version and practice it regularly for the best results.
Besides good health, Surya Namaskar also provides an opportunity to express gratitude to the sun for sustaining life on this planet.
Prolonged and depending concentration leads to the state of meditative absorption of dhyana in which the object held in he mind fills the entire consciousness ‘space’. All arising ideas (pratyaya) gyrate round the object of concentration and are accompanied by an emotive disposition which can be described as ‘peaceful’ or calm, The is no loss of lucidity, rather the sense of wakefulness appears to be intensified.
The purpose of meditative absorption is to intercept the flux of ordinary mental activity (vrtti), which comprises the following five categories:
ramama – right knowledge derived from perception, inference or testimony
viparayaya – wrong knowledge
vikalpa – conceptual knowledge
Suryanaskar is a specific combination of some Asanas.
There is no reference of Suryanamskar in classical Yoga texts.
Suryanaskar is being practiced for more than 2000 year in India.
There are 2 different practices regarding Suryanaskar, one include 12 steps and another 14 steps.
12 stepped Suryanaskar is practiced widely.
Each step of Suryanaskar has a Beeja Mantra and specific body part to concentrate upon. That Beeja Mantra should be chanted in mind and that body part should be concentrated during that specific step. This enhances efficacy of Asana.
Suryanaskar is a considered as a complete Yogasana as involes each and every body parts and even mind also.
surya namaskar Sun Salutation, also called Surya Namaskar.pptxShivam Tiwari
Sun Salutation, also called Surya Namaskar or Salute to the Sun, is a practice in yoga as exercise incorporating a flow sequence of some twelve linked asanas. The asana sequence was first recorded as yoga in the early 20th century, though similar exercises were in use in India before that, for example among wrestlers.
Surya Namaskar is also known as Sun Salutation. All poses of sun salutation with Mantra chanting. The practice of Sun Salutation gives both mantle and physical energy.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. Why do sun salutation?
There are various reasons:
1) Great exercise for whole body- stretching,
flexibility as well as strengthening. Helps in
weight management.
2) It gives numerous benefits beyond the
physical level, relaxing the mind, leading to
meditation.
3) It also gives us an opportunity to express
gratitude to the God Suryadeva, without
which life on earth would be impossible !
3. • Suryanamaskar (Sun salutation ) is
combination of few asanas. Its roots can be
found in yoga philosophy of vedic traditions.
• There are set of well balanced movements
that will stretch all the muscles in the body.
Thus keeping the body and mind healthy.
• Many yogis, great personalities
have performed 1000+
suryanamaskaras everyday.
4. O Surya namaskar is a dynamic exercise.
There are 12 phases of kriyas. There are
12 mantras related to 12 kriyas.
O Surya namaskar consists of five
essential aspects. All of them should be
done to gain the maximum results.
5. O1) physical postures : there are
twelve physical postures, which
correspond to the signs of zodiac.
O2) breathing : each position is
associated with inhalation, exhalation or
retention of breathe.
6. 3) Mantras :
They are associated with each of 12 positions.
They are evocative sounds and through their
power of vibration have subtle, but powerful &
penetrarting effects on mind and body.
4) Awareness :
Every movement and breathing pattern should
be well aware to practitioner.
5) Relaxation :
Any relaxation technique can be adopted, but
the best method is shavasana. Rest the body
and allow the Heart beat and respiration to
return to normal. It is also must to feel mental
peace and awareness.
7.
8. 13 Mantras
Mitraya Namah : The Friend of All
Ravaye Namah : The Shining One
Suryaya Namah : The One who induces Activity
Bhanave Namah : The One who Illuminates
Khagaya Namah : The One who moves quickly in the Sky
Pushne Namah : The Giver of Strength
Hiranyagarbhaya Namah : The bright/golden Centre of All
Energy
Marichaye Namah : The Lord of Dawn
Adityaya Namah : The Son of Aditi
Savitre Namah : The Beneficent
Arkaya Namah : The One who is fit to be Praised
Bhaskaraya Namah : The One who leads to Enlightenment
Srisavitrusuryanarayanaya Namah : The Surya (Sun)
12. Procedure : Hands together in
Namaskar position
O Forearms parallel to the ground
Feet together.
O Body weight evenly distributed over
both feet.
O Calves, quads and hamstrings
tightened. Abdominal muscles
tightened.
O Breathing : normal
O Mantra : om mitraya namah !
Benefits : Good for the diseases of the
throat. Voice is enhanced. Both mind
and body become healthy.
14. Procedure : Palms joined and
pushed up and back.
Biceps touching ears.
Maintain sight on wrists.
Leg and Abdominal muscles remain
tight.
Breathing : inhale while raising
arms
Mantra : om ravaye namah !
Benefits : Both the shoulders and the
Esophagus get exercise and diseases
related to them are corrected.
Eyesight is also improved.
15. Makes the waist and spine flexible.
Strengthens muscles and
beneficial for the functioning of the
liver.
03
Hastapadasana
The forward bending p
16. Procedure : From previous asana
keep arms straight Keep back
straight and bend from hips.
O Maintain sight on wrists. Try to put
palms flat on ground. Try to touch
forehead to knees. Do not bend the
knees.
O Don’t apply any force to attain final
position/give jerky movements.
O Breathing : exhale while bending
forward.
O Mantra : om suryaya namah !
17. O Benefits :
O Disorders of the belly and digestive
system are corrected.
O The chest and hands become stronger.
O Diseases of the feet and fingers can also
be cured.
18. Strengthens the leg muscles and
makes the spine and
neck muscles flexible
04
Ashwa Sanchalanasana
The equestrian pose
19. Procedure : From previous asana thrust one leg back
as far as possible.
O Keep other foot in line with hands.
O Try to arch the spine and look backwards without
straining
O Breathing : inhale deeply as you move body
forward.
O Mantra : om bhanave namah !
O Benefits :
The posture stretches the small intestine and
the seminal vesicles. Hence this posture helps in
correcting the constipation and diseases of
the liver. Diseases of the throat are also
corrected.
21. Procedure : From previous asana lift knee off
ground Thrust second leg backwards.
O Keep feet together and knees together.
O Raise buttock as high as possible and lower
the head between your two hand, so that you
make a triangle.
O Keep sight on ground at right angle.
Breathing : exhale while performing the
movement.
Mantra : om khagaya namah !
22. O Benefits :
O One gets relief from the pains - specially
of arms, legs and the knees.
O Core muscle strengthen and it is good for
the abdominal disorders.
23. Makes the spine flexible and
strengthens the muscles
06
Ashtanga Namaskara
Worship with eight points
24. Procedure :
O This position is so called because in the
final pose 8 points of the body are in
contact with the ground- 2 palms, 2 knees,
2 heels, chest and chin/head.
O Lower entire body to the ground slowly.
O Only forehead, chest, knees and toes
touch ground. Keep hands and elbows
close to the body. Keep feet together and
knees together. Abdomen and hips slightly
off the ground.
25. O Breathing: exhale, hold the breathe
outside. Don’t inhale.
O Mantra : om pushne namah !
O Benefits : This posture makes the arms
strong.
27. Procedure :
O From previous asana lower the hips to
ground and push body forwards and
upwards.
O Keep feet together and knees together.
O Tighten forearms, biceps and triceps.
O Tighten abdominal muscles. Arch
backward till the navel level.
28. O Breathing : inhale while performing the
movement
O Mantra : om hiranyagarbhaya namah !
O Benefits : Tones up the body and the
back muscles and improves the eyesight.
O Corrects all kinds of disorders related to
the reproductive system, corrects the
irregularities in females menstrual cycles.
O Blood circulation is also improved.
30. Procedure : Keep lower body straight.
Keep upper body straight.
Create the “mountain” shape.
Keep feet together and knees together. And
lift your buttocks upwards.
Try to keep feet flat on the ground. Tuck
head in between arms. Push chin towards
the chest.
31. Breathing : exhale, while performing the
movement.
Mantra : om marichaye namah !
Benefits : One gets relief from the pains -
specially of arms, legs and the knees.
Gives core strengthening and it is good for
the abdominal disorders.
32. Strengthens the leg muscles and
makes the spine and ,gives
muscles flexibility
Ashwa Sanchalanasana
09
33. Procedure : From previous asana thrust
one leg forward.
O Keep forward foot in line with hands.
position of hands and feet must not be
changed.
O Try to arch and look backwards.
34. O Breathing : inhalation.
O Mantra : om adityaya namah !
O Benefits : The posture stretches the small
intestine and the seminal vesicles. Hence
this posture helps in correcting the
constipation and diseases of the liver.
Thinness of the semen is also corrected.
Diseases of the throat are also corrected
35. Makes the waist and spine flexible.
Strengthens muscles and is
beneficial for the functioning of the
liver.
10
Hastapadasana
36. O Procedure : From previous asana
keep palms flat fixed on ground.
O Bring right foot forward in original
position.
O Keep legs and arms straight.
O Try to touch forehead to knees.
Do not bend the knees.
Breathing : exhalation
Mantra : om savitre namah !
Benefits : Disorders of the belly
and digestive system are
corrected. The chest and hands
become stronger.
38. O PROCEDURE : straighten the whole body
from pervious pose.
O Raise the arm over the head.
O Extend back, neck, head and arms
backwards.
O BREATHING : inhalation
O MANTRA : om arkaya namah !
40. O PROCEDURE : this is the final pose same
as pose one.
O Bring the palms together and hold them
in front of chest.
O Relax the whole body
O BREATHING :exhale, breathe normally.
O MANTRA : om bhaskaraye namah !
41. ONUMBER OF ROUNDS :
O It depends on individual health and
availability of time.
O Beginners should start with two rounds,
adding one more round every second day.
O A person of good health should aim 12
rounds a day.
42. OCONTRAINDICATION:
O No absolute contraindication.
O However, female should not do it after
fourth month of pregnancy, it could be
continued after childbirth.
O People with sciatica, slipped disc, high BP,
coronary heart disease should not do
suryanamaskar.
43. Surya Namaskara is always
performed facing in the
direction of the rising (east)
or setting (west) sun in
open and clean place.