Dr. Wondwossen A. Gebreyes - The Role of Global One Health Capacity in Global Food Systems
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The Role of Global One Health Capacity in Global Food Systems - Dr. Wondwossen A. Gebreyes, Director of Global Health Programs, The Ohio State University, from the 2017 NIAA Annual Conference, U.S. Animal Agriculture's Future Role In World Food Production - Obstacles & Opportunities, April 4 - 6, Columbus, OH, USA. More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2017_niaa_us_animal_ag_future_role_world_food_production
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Dr. Wondwossen A. Gebreyes - The Role of Global One Health Capacity in Global Food Systems
- 1. Role of One Health Capacity in Global Food Systems Wondwossen A. Gebreyes, DVM, PhD, DACVPM Executive Director, Global One Health initiative (GOHi) NIAA, Columbus, Ohio (April 4, 2017)
- 2. 1 Green, R. et al. January 2005. “Farming and the Fate of Wild Nature.” Science 307.5709: 550-555; and Tilman, D. et al. August 2002. “Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices.” Nature 418.6898: 671-677. 2 “World Agriculture: toward 2015/2030.” 2002. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. Accessed 12/8/08. <ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/004/y3557e/y3557e.pdf>. TECHNOLOGY’S ROLE IN THE 21ST CENTURY Food Economics and Consumer Choice An overview of the challenge ahead NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 3. Food Production and Population NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 4. Demand for Animal Source Food NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 5. 5 Global One Health Initiative Highly inter-connected world and food systems
- 6. Global Food Trade Expansion Forecast NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 7. 7 Global One Health Initiative Plant and animal products could spread AMR pathogens globally OECD, 2015 Safety
- 8. Host, Pathogen and Environment 8 Shearer and Beede, 1991 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 9. Global One Health NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA Public Health Plant Production Health Food Animal Production Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
- 10. 10 Global One Health Initiative AMR-Complexissue,requirescomplexsolution!
- 11. Khachatourians: CMAJ, Volume 159 (9). November 3, 1998. pp 1129-1146. Selective Pressure- Antibiotics 11 • Biocides • Heavy metals • Substrates Co-selectives NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 12. Consideration of body mass is crucial. Poultry Swine Beef Dairy Aquaculture Small ruminants Human NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 13. Antibiotics Produced and Sold in the USA 13 Million Kg Produced - 4.65 Million Kg Sold Annually U.S. International Trade Commission Anima l 52% Total 48% NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA Human
- 14. Motivationfor more Antimicrobial use 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 Dollars/kg Year NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 15. Economic Benefits fromAntibiotics in Swine Production Systems (Cromwelletal.) Per Pig Breeding $ .74 Lactation .40 $1.14 Cost of antibiotic .15 Benefit $.99 Weaning to Market $3.69 Cost of antibiotic .70 Benefit $2.99 Total Benefit per pig $3.98 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 16. Denmark: Animal Antibiotic Use 48 56 57 62 81 94 95 102 113 114 106 107 49 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 60 90 120 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Medication Growth Promotion NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 17. Resistancecorrelatespositivelywiththeantibioticuse.S. Heidelberg:humans&chicken,CIPARS2005 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 18. Gentamicin(GEN)andCeftiofur(TIO)Resistance amongSalmonella GENR = 57 isolates; TIOR = 106 isolates N = 2092 isolates; Human, n = 1793; Chicken breast, n = 157; Ground turkey, n = 142 0. 7.5 15. 22.5 30. GEN TIO %Resistance Human Chicken Breast Ground Turkey Source: NARMS report, White D. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 19. Sources: * NAHMS, **NVSL, *** CDC Top 10 Salmonella serotypes among swine and human- U.S. Our study (NC) 1 Copenhagen 2 Typhimurium 3 Derby 4 Orion 5 Senftenberg 6 Anatum 7 Schwarzengrund 8 Heidelberg 9 Havana 10 Worthington Swine* non-clinical Swine** clinical Human*** Derby Derby Typhimurium Agona Cholerasuis (K) Enteritidis Copenhagen Copenhagen Newport Brandenburg Agona Heidelberg Mbandaka Typhimurium Javiana Typhimurium Heidelberg Agona Heidelberg Cholerasuis Montevideo Anatum Anatum Oranienburg Enteritidis Mbandaka Muenchen Worthington Schwarzengrund Infantis NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 20. Do some drug resistant human E. coli originate from chickens? Johnson et al., 2007b Drug resistant human isolates similar to poultry resistant isolates in Minnesota, but susceptible human isolates very different NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 21. AssociationbetweenBiocideandMDR Salmonella 21 0. 22.5 45. 67.5 90. 112.5 Am St Te Ch Gm %Resistance Antimicrobials Pre-disinfection Post-disinfection (QAC+Gluteraldehyde) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Biosentry Synergize Virkon-S Water Prevalence Treatment Group Salmonella prevalence in swine barns before and after disinfection by treatment group Pre-disinfection Post-disinfection NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 22. AMRMortalityby Region 22NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA 10 Million Human Deaths per year (est.).
- 23. What is the likelihood of discovering new antimicrobials? NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 24. Humanand Animal HealthR&DPipelines Product Profile Target ID Lead ID Candidate ID Preclinical Data Phase I Phase II Phase III Approval Product Profile Target ID Lead ID Candidate ID Preclinical Data Clinical Development Approval Human Health Discovery Animal Health Discovery First in human Studies (Requires IND or Equivalent) First Target Animal Studies (Does not require INAD) 12–15 years 0.5–1.0B Euros 8–12 years 80–100M Euros Source- Shryock T. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 25. Past andFutureSourcesof AHAB Candidates Human Health • MRSA • MDR Pneumococci • CRE • MDR TB Animal Health • Livestock • Respiratory Disease • Enteric Disease • Companion Animals • SSTI • UTIs 1980s • Fluoroquin olones • 3rd Gen Cephs • Florfenicol 1990s • 4th Gen Cephs • Novel Macrolides 2000s – HH and AH targets have diverged This severely limits the ability of AH to leverage analogs! Source- Shryock T. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 26. Slide courtesy K.Bush, Indiana University NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 27. A 27NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 28. Host, Pathogen and Environment 28 Shearer and Beede, 1991 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA HOST
- 29. Antimicrobial alternatives and impact on Host immunity 29 • Flavophospholipols- Antibiotic with no analog in human medicine • Plant alkaloids- QBA (Macleya cordata); • Alleviates stress and Reduces cortisol level; • Reduced Salmonella shedding; • Improved gut integrity; ADG; F:G ratio • Shift in MDR strain? Replaced? Impact on microbiome?- Metagenomics/ WGS NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 30. a a ab a b a a a a a a * * * * Mean (± SEM) Salivary Cortisol 0. 1.75 3.5 5.25 7. meansalivarycortisol,ng/mL TRT1 TRT2 CON 30 Day 28- Transport to Slaughter (stressor) Artuso-Ponte et al., 2015 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 31. Mean (± SEM) Salmonella fecal shedding 31 0. 275. 550. 825. 1100. D 0 D 3 D 14 D 21 D 27 D 28 CFU/g T1 T2 CON a a a a a a a a a a a a a a b ab a b * * Artuso-Ponte et al., 2015 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 32. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 33. 33 Global One Health Initiative ▪ Improve awareness and understanding ▪ Strengthen the knowledge and evidence base ▪ Reduce the incidence of infection ▪ Optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines ▪ Develop the economic case for sustainable investment May 2015- WHA adopted GAPx Five Objectives- Capacity needs
- 34. 1000+ MDR Salmonella submitted to FDA CFSAN • Brazil (104) • Ethiopia (401) • Kenya (86) • Mexico (63) • Tanzania (64) • Thailand (60) • U.S. –OSU (247) Global surveillance and monitoring- GenomeTrkr NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 35. GlobalOneHealthknowledge-sharing ICOPHAI network members NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 36. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
- 37. Thank you! Asante Sana! Muito Obrigado! ขอบคณมาก Muchas gracias! በጣም፡እናመሰግናለ። Merci Beaucoup! شكراجزيال NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL AGRICULTURE CONFERENCE, COLUMBUS, OHIO (APRIL 3-6, 2017) GEBREYES WA
Editor's Notes
- Introduction Today there are nearly 1 billion hungry people around the globe. In 50 years, our growing global population will require an estimated 100% more food than we produce today. Unfortunately, we won’t have 100% more land available. Based on U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) projections, 13% more land in developing countries will be converted to agricultural use over the next 30 years. On a global basis, this is a net increase in available cropland of only 1%—from the 39% of land area used in 2008 to a total of 40%. The U.N. FAO also reports that this added farmland will help produce only 20% of the additional food our planet will need in 2050, and 10% will come from increased cropping intensity. Accordingly, the FAO concludes that 70% of the world’s additional food needs can be produced only with new and existing agricultural technologies.
- Introduction Today there are nearly 1 billion hungry people around the globe. In 50 years, our growing global population will require an estimated 100% more food than we produce today. Unfortunately, we won’t have 100% more land available. Based on U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) projections, 13% more land in developing countries will be converted to agricultural use over the next 30 years. On a global basis, this is a net increase in available cropland of only 1%—from the 39% of land area used in 2008 to a total of 40%. The U.N. FAO also reports that this added farmland will help produce only 20% of the additional food our planet will need in 2050, and 10% will come from increased cropping intensity. Accordingly, the FAO concludes that 70% of the world’s additional food needs can be produced only with new and existing agricultural technologies.
- Introduction Today there are nearly 1 billion hungry people around the globe. In 50 years, our growing global population will require an estimated 100% more food than we produce today. Unfortunately, we won’t have 100% more land available. Based on U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) projections, 13% more land in developing countries will be converted to agricultural use over the next 30 years. On a global basis, this is a net increase in available cropland of only 1%—from the 39% of land area used in 2008 to a total of 40%. The U.N. FAO also reports that this added farmland will help produce only 20% of the additional food our planet will need in 2050, and 10% will come from increased cropping intensity. Accordingly, the FAO concludes that 70% of the world’s additional food needs can be produced only with new and existing agricultural technologies.
- Introduction Today there are nearly 1 billion hungry people around the globe. In 50 years, our growing global population will require an estimated 100% more food than we produce today. Unfortunately, we won’t have 100% more land available. Based on U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) projections, 13% more land in developing countries will be converted to agricultural use over the next 30 years. On a global basis, this is a net increase in available cropland of only 1%—from the 39% of land area used in 2008 to a total of 40%. The U.N. FAO also reports that this added farmland will help produce only 20% of the additional food our planet will need in 2050, and 10% will come from increased cropping intensity. Accordingly, the FAO concludes that 70% of the world’s additional food needs can be produced only with new and existing agricultural technologies.
- Introduction Today there are nearly 1 billion hungry people around the globe. In 50 years, our growing global population will require an estimated 100% more food than we produce today. Unfortunately, we won’t have 100% more land available. Based on U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) projections, 13% more land in developing countries will be converted to agricultural use over the next 30 years. On a global basis, this is a net increase in available cropland of only 1%—from the 39% of land area used in 2008 to a total of 40%. The U.N. FAO also reports that this added farmland will help produce only 20% of the additional food our planet will need in 2050, and 10% will come from increased cropping intensity. Accordingly, the FAO concludes that 70% of the world’s additional food needs can be produced only with new and existing agricultural technologies.
- This table shows the top ten serovars we found. In comparison to the national average for swine and human isolates,.. Derby: relatively adapted to swine… Copenhagen is common among swine but one thing to note here is the CDC serotyping system in human isolates doesn’t differentiate Copenhagen from Typhimurium…