Agriculture Will Survive Myths and Misconceptions About Organic Or Backyard Poultry - Wallace Berry, PhD, Auburn University Department of Poultry Sciences, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
Killing one day-old male chicks, do we have alternatives (summery)-1Harm Kiezebrink
Throughout the world, male chicks from layer breeds are killed just after hatching, as they are not profitable as regards the production of meat. The Dutch and European parliaments have insisted on research into possible alternatives to the killing of day-old chicks. In the present study we have investigated Dutch public opinion on the acceptability of these alternatives by means of discussions in so- called focus groups and via a public survey through computer-aided personal interviews (CAPI).
To inform the participants about the subject, a film was made to explain the current practice and introduce a number of technological alternatives that would prevent development of male embryos, as well as the possibility of creating a ‘dual-purpose chicken’ that would allow male chicks to be used for meat production.
The topics addressed in the study included the willingness of participants to pay a premium for eggs and chicken meat, were it necessary to prevent killing of male chicks. Focus-group discussions showed that many participants were unaware of the current practice of killing male chicks, and were shocked by this practice.
However, once informed, the participants seemed able to take various considerations into account and rank the alternatives. The alternatives ‘looking into the fresh egg (to determine sex of the egg and not incubate male eggs)’, and ‘dual-purpose chickens’ scored best out of all the possible alternatives, and higher than maintaining the current practice. ‘Influencing the laying hens such that they produce fewer male eggs’ scored the same as maintaining the current practice.
The use of ‘genetic modification to facilitate looking into the fresh egg’ scored only slightly lower than maintaining the current practice. Alternatives whereby developing male embryos die, or are killed, scored lower than maintaining the current practice.
Unit 6 project- Contemporary Diet and NutritionCynthia Grothe
Cynthia Grothe's resource list covers several topics related to contemporary diet and nutrition:
- Food safety issues from The Jungle and Slaughterhouse which describe unsanitary meat packing practices and the influence of large farms and inspectors.
- The Bad Bug Book which lists foodborne pathogens and their effects.
- Cultural influences on food choices of the Amish, Mexican, and American diets.
- Issues with industrial farming methods in large feed lots and poultry production versus contemporary small farms.
- The role of Monsanto and GMOs in agriculture.
This document discusses the debate around labeling and regulation of plant-based meat alternatives. It outlines several companies producing plant-based meats from ingredients like soy and peas, as well as cell-based "clean meat" grown from animal cells. Some states have passed laws restricting plant-based products from using terms like "meatballs" and "sausages", prompting lawsuits from companies like Tofurky. While consumer demand for plant-based options is growing, the meat industry argues the labels could mislead customers. The document considers perspectives from both sides and importance of awareness and clear labeling.
The document discusses the process of genetically engineering animals to produce pharmaceutical drugs. It describes how recombinant DNA from other species is inserted into animals like goats, cows, and chickens to make them produce therapeutic proteins in their milk, blood or eggs. This is presented as a more efficient and less expensive way to manufacture drugs like antithrombin, insulin, lactoferrin and anti-cancer proteins compared to other methods. However, some ethical concerns are raised regarding animal welfare and unintended consequences. The document explores both sides of this complex issue.
A regular dieter considering becoming vegan may feel unsure about scheduling meals and knowing what foods to avoid. They also may be uncertain if a vegan diet can provide sufficient nutrition. Learning more about meal planning and vegan nutrition would help address these common concerns about transitioning to a vegan lifestyle.
This document provides information on the Hester-GALVmed initiative in Chhattisgarh, India. It describes a husband and wife who work as vaccinators, going to fields to provide ND vaccinations for backyard poultry since December 2015. They feel they have found the right path to overcome poverty. It also lists locations in various districts where the initiative has provided vaccinations and record keeping for backyard livestock, as well as distributed booklets on poultry farming.
Backyard Poultry Farming Through Self-Help Groups in West Bengal - Towards Go...copppldsecretariat
The Scheme 'Distribution of cocks, drakes and cockerels, etc.' involves the distribution of Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens and Khaki Campbell (KC) ducks to rural households. This is a centrally-sponsored family-based Scheme wherein the Department of Animal Resources Development, Government of West Bengal distributes poultry birds to marginal rural households throughout the State. This scheme shows that not only can it contribute to rural poverty reduction but also that, despite some shortcomings and the rather high subsidies, it is possibly bankable and could be strengthened and scaled-up through appropriate public private partnerships.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Proceedings available at: www.extension.org/67609
Because of their size, it is possible to raise most poultry species (chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, pigeon, etc.) with only a minimal amount of acreage. This has made them increasingly popular in rural, suburban, and urban areas throughout the United States. They are suitable for 4-H/classroom projects, backyard flocks, as well as small- and medium-sized production flocks. Many of those who have started raising poultry have limited experience with poultry production.
Killing one day-old male chicks, do we have alternatives (summery)-1Harm Kiezebrink
Throughout the world, male chicks from layer breeds are killed just after hatching, as they are not profitable as regards the production of meat. The Dutch and European parliaments have insisted on research into possible alternatives to the killing of day-old chicks. In the present study we have investigated Dutch public opinion on the acceptability of these alternatives by means of discussions in so- called focus groups and via a public survey through computer-aided personal interviews (CAPI).
To inform the participants about the subject, a film was made to explain the current practice and introduce a number of technological alternatives that would prevent development of male embryos, as well as the possibility of creating a ‘dual-purpose chicken’ that would allow male chicks to be used for meat production.
The topics addressed in the study included the willingness of participants to pay a premium for eggs and chicken meat, were it necessary to prevent killing of male chicks. Focus-group discussions showed that many participants were unaware of the current practice of killing male chicks, and were shocked by this practice.
However, once informed, the participants seemed able to take various considerations into account and rank the alternatives. The alternatives ‘looking into the fresh egg (to determine sex of the egg and not incubate male eggs)’, and ‘dual-purpose chickens’ scored best out of all the possible alternatives, and higher than maintaining the current practice. ‘Influencing the laying hens such that they produce fewer male eggs’ scored the same as maintaining the current practice.
The use of ‘genetic modification to facilitate looking into the fresh egg’ scored only slightly lower than maintaining the current practice. Alternatives whereby developing male embryos die, or are killed, scored lower than maintaining the current practice.
Unit 6 project- Contemporary Diet and NutritionCynthia Grothe
Cynthia Grothe's resource list covers several topics related to contemporary diet and nutrition:
- Food safety issues from The Jungle and Slaughterhouse which describe unsanitary meat packing practices and the influence of large farms and inspectors.
- The Bad Bug Book which lists foodborne pathogens and their effects.
- Cultural influences on food choices of the Amish, Mexican, and American diets.
- Issues with industrial farming methods in large feed lots and poultry production versus contemporary small farms.
- The role of Monsanto and GMOs in agriculture.
This document discusses the debate around labeling and regulation of plant-based meat alternatives. It outlines several companies producing plant-based meats from ingredients like soy and peas, as well as cell-based "clean meat" grown from animal cells. Some states have passed laws restricting plant-based products from using terms like "meatballs" and "sausages", prompting lawsuits from companies like Tofurky. While consumer demand for plant-based options is growing, the meat industry argues the labels could mislead customers. The document considers perspectives from both sides and importance of awareness and clear labeling.
The document discusses the process of genetically engineering animals to produce pharmaceutical drugs. It describes how recombinant DNA from other species is inserted into animals like goats, cows, and chickens to make them produce therapeutic proteins in their milk, blood or eggs. This is presented as a more efficient and less expensive way to manufacture drugs like antithrombin, insulin, lactoferrin and anti-cancer proteins compared to other methods. However, some ethical concerns are raised regarding animal welfare and unintended consequences. The document explores both sides of this complex issue.
A regular dieter considering becoming vegan may feel unsure about scheduling meals and knowing what foods to avoid. They also may be uncertain if a vegan diet can provide sufficient nutrition. Learning more about meal planning and vegan nutrition would help address these common concerns about transitioning to a vegan lifestyle.
This document provides information on the Hester-GALVmed initiative in Chhattisgarh, India. It describes a husband and wife who work as vaccinators, going to fields to provide ND vaccinations for backyard poultry since December 2015. They feel they have found the right path to overcome poverty. It also lists locations in various districts where the initiative has provided vaccinations and record keeping for backyard livestock, as well as distributed booklets on poultry farming.
Backyard Poultry Farming Through Self-Help Groups in West Bengal - Towards Go...copppldsecretariat
The Scheme 'Distribution of cocks, drakes and cockerels, etc.' involves the distribution of Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens and Khaki Campbell (KC) ducks to rural households. This is a centrally-sponsored family-based Scheme wherein the Department of Animal Resources Development, Government of West Bengal distributes poultry birds to marginal rural households throughout the State. This scheme shows that not only can it contribute to rural poverty reduction but also that, despite some shortcomings and the rather high subsidies, it is possibly bankable and could be strengthened and scaled-up through appropriate public private partnerships.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Proceedings available at: www.extension.org/67609
Because of their size, it is possible to raise most poultry species (chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, pigeon, etc.) with only a minimal amount of acreage. This has made them increasingly popular in rural, suburban, and urban areas throughout the United States. They are suitable for 4-H/classroom projects, backyard flocks, as well as small- and medium-sized production flocks. Many of those who have started raising poultry have limited experience with poultry production.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on free range poultry farming and bio-security. It discusses the importance of selecting a good breeding cock, culling poor quality pullets, providing nest boxes, candling eggs to improve hatchability, caring for brooding hens and chicks with proper waterers, vaccinating at the right time through subcutaneous routes, handling birds gently, providing shelters and fencing, and feeding layer hens. The presentation promotes simple and low-cost methods for free range poultry farming.
Backyard poultry farming is a small-scale system where a rural household keeps 5-25 birds primarily for family use and consumption. Any surplus eggs or birds are sold locally to generate additional income. It is an important source of nutrition, income and asset building for poorer families. The birds require adequate housing that protects them from weather and predators while providing access to feed, water, light and ventilation. Though production is low, backyard poultry is low-cost and the birds can find food by scavenging, making it a valuable system for rural livelihoods.
Strengthening the Backyard Poultry. Experiences of AP Drough Adaptation Initi...copppldsecretariat
This process manual has emerged from experiences gained in the AP drought Adaptation Initiative (AP DAI), building on earlier experiences of WASSAN. The experiences have emerged from working with the Mandal Mahila Samakhyas (Federation of SHGs) in Mahabubnagar and Antapur districts of Andhra Pradesh.
The manual captures the essence of experience from field work. It provides a road-map and process steps for organizations that wish to initiate programs to strengthem backyard poultry.
Though the experiences in APDAI started from introducing “improved”birds from research institutions., it has been realized that improving the management systems and easing the constraints in traditional backyard poultry with local breeds is more important and sustained results.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Backyard poultry production is important in densely populated developing countries like Kerala, where indigenous breeds are hardier and require lower resources than intensive farms. Keeping desi chickens provides nutritional security and income to many rural households. However, backyard farming faces challenges like decreased space and natural feed. Strategies to improve it include upgrading breeds while avoiding inbreeding, providing housing and balanced diets, disease prevention, and training farmers. The document advocates for projects to conserve desi breeds and develop new varieties suitable for backyard rearing based on traits beyond just egg production.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a manual on keeping and selling village chickens for profit. It discusses the opportunity for small-scale village chicken production in Zambia, as demand is growing but supply remains low. It outlines the contents that will be covered in the manual, including how to get started, housing, management, health, nutrition, making money, marketing, and evaluating your business. The manual is intended to provide simple, easy to understand guidance for small-scale producers on rearing village chickens in a profitable way. It was created with input from industry and academic experts to be detailed yet accessible to those without extensive experience or education.
This document discusses housing and brooding operations for backyard poultry production. It begins by classifying different poultry housing systems such as free range, semi-intensive, intensive, deep litter, slatted floor, and cage systems. It then provides details on each system including their advantages and disadvantages. A significant portion of the document focuses on brooding management, describing the different brooding methods, requirements including temperature, ventilation, space, feeding, and watering during brooding. It concludes with discussing disease prevention, vaccinations, and medications that should be administered during brooding.
This document summarizes the key findings from a survey about veganism. The survey found that most respondents knew a little about veganism and wanted to know more about the health, environmental, and animal welfare reasons for being vegan. Common barriers to adopting a vegan diet included not knowing alternative foods and finding it difficult to give up meat. Most respondents said social media and word of mouth were effective ways to learn about veganism and indicated they would try a vegan diet for one month. The survey results will help focus the content in an informational booklet about veganism to potentially increase interest in adopting a vegan lifestyle.
This document provides guidance on drafting and revising a persuasive writing project for 5th grade on the importance of knowing where food comes from. It includes sections on drafting an introduction, body paragraphs with arguments and evidence, and a conclusion. The introduction would ask a question about the topic, provide background, and state an opinion. Each body paragraph advocates for a different argument, establishes facts, and supports them with examples. The conclusion restates the topic, summarizes arguments, and closes with a statement of position.
Kim Essex - Being Transparent with the Consumer: The Language of TrustJohn Blue
Being Transparent with the Consumer: The Language of Trust - Kim Essex, Senior Vice President, Director, North American Food Practice, Ketchum, from the 2014 Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB), November 2 -5, 2014, São Paulo, Brazil.
More presentations at http://trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014-global-roundtable-sustainable-beef
The document summarizes research conducted on veganism. It discusses findings from a participant survey, including that most participants were environmentally conscious and cited concerns about the cost and availability of vegan food. It also notes potential areas of focus for appealing to the target audience, such as emphasizing environmental impacts and researching low-cost vegan alternatives. Several secondary sources on the health, environmental, and animal welfare impacts of veganism and animal agriculture are also summarized.
Essay 3 InstructionsRead pages 407—417, in Writing Argumentseleanorabarrington
Essay 3 Instructions
Read pages 407—417, in
Writing Arguments
, “Genetically Modified Food” by Arthur Caplan, “The Threats from Genetically Modified Food” by Robin Mather, & "Wrong-Headed Victory" Michael Le Page. Remember to read for ideas, not facts.
Caplan, Mather, and Le Page offer differing viewpoints of the same Issue. Adding your own thoughts, (being careful to support your thinking and not to assume that your experience is typical) into the discussion, utilize what you have learned from Caplan, Mather, and Le Page about the topic. This is
not
an autobiographical essay nor is it a research essay on GMOs It is an opportunity to discuss the ideas in the assigned readings!
You are encouraged to use your own insights, analysis, or perspective but only after demonstrating a thorough knowledge of the assigned articles. Indeed, if your approach is entirely descriptive in nature (for example, you just reiterate what the articles say), you probably will not receive an "A." The length of your paper will depend upon the context you select, the amount of previous research, and so forth. I'll be reading the papers, not weighing them, to determine grades. That said, It is hard for me to imagine that you could even begin to cover this topic in less than 750 words. To ensure a good grade you will want to write more!
Your writing should display your thinking ability; the ability to understand theories, grasp complex concepts, discover interrelationships, and generate your own insights. Naturally, you should proofread your paper for grammatical and syntactical errors. You should pay proper homage to published authors by citing their works whenever you refer to their words, ideas, or data. Your paper should conform to A.P.A. guidelines. Do you remember how to properly cite and refer to a chapter or selection from an edited book? I hope so! If not, don't expect a good grade.
Although the content is going to be primary, organization, spelling, and grammar are also important. Ensure that they are all under your control before you hand in anything. In other words, I expect you to do College Level writing. You should use this as an opportunity to show off your ability to think clearly, precisely, and logically, & completely, as well as write elegantly!
To receive full credit for this assignment you must submit your writing by noon, on the day specified in the syllabus, to Brightspace. As always, ensure that your work is done in Microsoft Word format.
University does use turnitin.com
Bid will not exceed the amount offered.
(Reading context below):
Genetically Modified Food: Good, Bad, Ugly
arthur l. caplan
Arthur L. Caplan is a professor and head of the Division of Bioethics at New York University’s Langone Medical Center. He is the author or editor of 32 books and over 600 papers in peer-reviewed journals of medicine, science, philosophy, bioethics, and health policy. He won the Patricia Price Browne Prize in Biomedical Ethics for 201 ...
This document discusses genetic modification of foods. It provides information on dominant and recessive alleles and how traits are controlled. It also discusses single gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, and multifactorial disorders. The document presents arguments for and against genetically modified foods and discusses related topics like corporate control of the food supply, pest resistance, the appearance of organic versus modified foods, and potential long-term health effects.
1) The document discusses how the chemical diacetyl used in microwave popcorn's "butter flavoring" has caused a lung disease called bronchiolitis obliterans in popcorn factory workers and may also pose risks to consumers. A government agency was warned about this risk but did not adequately respond.
2) Factory farming, which confines thousands of animals in tight spaces, dominates U.S. meat production and causes environmental and health problems. A new map shows where these factory farms are concentrated. Consumers are impacted by the antibiotic and hormone use in these systems.
3) Recent large meat recalls and various food safety issues over the past year and a half have undermined consumer confidence in food safety.
The FDA has approved the sale and consumption of meat and milk from cloned animals and their offspring in the United States without requiring labeling. However, cloning is still an inefficient process with a high rate of stillbirths and offspring mortality. While the FDA claims food from cloned animals is as safe as conventionally produced food, they have not conducted long-term studies on human health effects. Consumers currently have no way of knowing if the food they purchase comes from cloned animals. Mandatory labeling would allow personal choice just as labels do for organic versus conventional products.
The document discusses whether people should become vegetarian and presents arguments on both sides of the issue. It begins by providing background information on meat consumption in the US and common arguments made by proponents and opponents of vegetarianism. It then lists 13 reasons to support the pro position that people should become vegetarian. These reasons include the ethical treatment of animals, human anatomy being suited to a plant-based diet, health benefits, environmental impacts, and concerns about the treatment and slaughter of animals raised for food.
Genetically modified foods are foods that have been altered at the genetic level using genetic engineering techniques. While some argue GM foods could pose risks to human health and the environment, others believe they could help address issues like malnutrition. However, there is still a lack of long-term research on the health impacts of consuming GM foods. Additionally, widespread adoption of GM foods could negatively impact small farmers if unable to keep up with the technology. Overall, there are ongoing ethical debates around both the benefits and risks of GM foods for human health, societies, and the agricultural industry.
The document discusses strategies for scientists to communicate effectively with the public about genetically modified foods and biotechnology given that public records laws have been abused by activists to intimidate and harass scientists. It provides recommendations for scientists to be transparent in their work, emphasize shared values with the public around issues like health and the environment, and highlight examples of how biotechnology has benefited farmers and consumers. The document also outlines missed opportunities from biotechnology research that has not reached the public due to opposition.
How to Change the Hearts and Minds of a Concerned PublicKevin Folta
Slides from 2016 Crop Connect in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The presentation talks about the current problem in the discussion of genetic engineering, and how farm producers need to be part of the solution. presented February 11, 2016
The document discusses several topics related to beauty standards promoted by the media and their harmful effects. It describes how unrealistic media portrayals can lead to eating disorders, body image issues, and people undergoing dangerous cosmetic procedures. The document also addresses how animal testing is used by the beauty industry and the cruelty involved. It suggests alternative testing methods that are more effective and don't use animals.
The document discusses several issues related to beauty standards portrayed in media:
1) Exposure to thin ideals in media like television was shown to negatively impact body image and dieting behaviors in Fijian teens.
2) Companies like Dove are working to address this by displaying a more diverse range of body types in advertisements.
3) Pursuing unrealistic beauty standards can lead to health issues like eating disorders and risky cosmetic procedures.
2015 Florida Farm Bureau Young Farmers and Ranchers symposium discusses how to engage public dialog in the area of transgenic (GMO) technology. Animal and plant biotech are discussed, along with ways to hone the messaging to communicate effectively with a concerned audience.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on free range poultry farming and bio-security. It discusses the importance of selecting a good breeding cock, culling poor quality pullets, providing nest boxes, candling eggs to improve hatchability, caring for brooding hens and chicks with proper waterers, vaccinating at the right time through subcutaneous routes, handling birds gently, providing shelters and fencing, and feeding layer hens. The presentation promotes simple and low-cost methods for free range poultry farming.
Backyard poultry farming is a small-scale system where a rural household keeps 5-25 birds primarily for family use and consumption. Any surplus eggs or birds are sold locally to generate additional income. It is an important source of nutrition, income and asset building for poorer families. The birds require adequate housing that protects them from weather and predators while providing access to feed, water, light and ventilation. Though production is low, backyard poultry is low-cost and the birds can find food by scavenging, making it a valuable system for rural livelihoods.
Strengthening the Backyard Poultry. Experiences of AP Drough Adaptation Initi...copppldsecretariat
This process manual has emerged from experiences gained in the AP drought Adaptation Initiative (AP DAI), building on earlier experiences of WASSAN. The experiences have emerged from working with the Mandal Mahila Samakhyas (Federation of SHGs) in Mahabubnagar and Antapur districts of Andhra Pradesh.
The manual captures the essence of experience from field work. It provides a road-map and process steps for organizations that wish to initiate programs to strengthem backyard poultry.
Though the experiences in APDAI started from introducing “improved”birds from research institutions., it has been realized that improving the management systems and easing the constraints in traditional backyard poultry with local breeds is more important and sustained results.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Backyard poultry production is important in densely populated developing countries like Kerala, where indigenous breeds are hardier and require lower resources than intensive farms. Keeping desi chickens provides nutritional security and income to many rural households. However, backyard farming faces challenges like decreased space and natural feed. Strategies to improve it include upgrading breeds while avoiding inbreeding, providing housing and balanced diets, disease prevention, and training farmers. The document advocates for projects to conserve desi breeds and develop new varieties suitable for backyard rearing based on traits beyond just egg production.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a manual on keeping and selling village chickens for profit. It discusses the opportunity for small-scale village chicken production in Zambia, as demand is growing but supply remains low. It outlines the contents that will be covered in the manual, including how to get started, housing, management, health, nutrition, making money, marketing, and evaluating your business. The manual is intended to provide simple, easy to understand guidance for small-scale producers on rearing village chickens in a profitable way. It was created with input from industry and academic experts to be detailed yet accessible to those without extensive experience or education.
This document discusses housing and brooding operations for backyard poultry production. It begins by classifying different poultry housing systems such as free range, semi-intensive, intensive, deep litter, slatted floor, and cage systems. It then provides details on each system including their advantages and disadvantages. A significant portion of the document focuses on brooding management, describing the different brooding methods, requirements including temperature, ventilation, space, feeding, and watering during brooding. It concludes with discussing disease prevention, vaccinations, and medications that should be administered during brooding.
This document summarizes the key findings from a survey about veganism. The survey found that most respondents knew a little about veganism and wanted to know more about the health, environmental, and animal welfare reasons for being vegan. Common barriers to adopting a vegan diet included not knowing alternative foods and finding it difficult to give up meat. Most respondents said social media and word of mouth were effective ways to learn about veganism and indicated they would try a vegan diet for one month. The survey results will help focus the content in an informational booklet about veganism to potentially increase interest in adopting a vegan lifestyle.
This document provides guidance on drafting and revising a persuasive writing project for 5th grade on the importance of knowing where food comes from. It includes sections on drafting an introduction, body paragraphs with arguments and evidence, and a conclusion. The introduction would ask a question about the topic, provide background, and state an opinion. Each body paragraph advocates for a different argument, establishes facts, and supports them with examples. The conclusion restates the topic, summarizes arguments, and closes with a statement of position.
Kim Essex - Being Transparent with the Consumer: The Language of TrustJohn Blue
Being Transparent with the Consumer: The Language of Trust - Kim Essex, Senior Vice President, Director, North American Food Practice, Ketchum, from the 2014 Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB), November 2 -5, 2014, São Paulo, Brazil.
More presentations at http://trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014-global-roundtable-sustainable-beef
The document summarizes research conducted on veganism. It discusses findings from a participant survey, including that most participants were environmentally conscious and cited concerns about the cost and availability of vegan food. It also notes potential areas of focus for appealing to the target audience, such as emphasizing environmental impacts and researching low-cost vegan alternatives. Several secondary sources on the health, environmental, and animal welfare impacts of veganism and animal agriculture are also summarized.
Essay 3 InstructionsRead pages 407—417, in Writing Argumentseleanorabarrington
Essay 3 Instructions
Read pages 407—417, in
Writing Arguments
, “Genetically Modified Food” by Arthur Caplan, “The Threats from Genetically Modified Food” by Robin Mather, & "Wrong-Headed Victory" Michael Le Page. Remember to read for ideas, not facts.
Caplan, Mather, and Le Page offer differing viewpoints of the same Issue. Adding your own thoughts, (being careful to support your thinking and not to assume that your experience is typical) into the discussion, utilize what you have learned from Caplan, Mather, and Le Page about the topic. This is
not
an autobiographical essay nor is it a research essay on GMOs It is an opportunity to discuss the ideas in the assigned readings!
You are encouraged to use your own insights, analysis, or perspective but only after demonstrating a thorough knowledge of the assigned articles. Indeed, if your approach is entirely descriptive in nature (for example, you just reiterate what the articles say), you probably will not receive an "A." The length of your paper will depend upon the context you select, the amount of previous research, and so forth. I'll be reading the papers, not weighing them, to determine grades. That said, It is hard for me to imagine that you could even begin to cover this topic in less than 750 words. To ensure a good grade you will want to write more!
Your writing should display your thinking ability; the ability to understand theories, grasp complex concepts, discover interrelationships, and generate your own insights. Naturally, you should proofread your paper for grammatical and syntactical errors. You should pay proper homage to published authors by citing their works whenever you refer to their words, ideas, or data. Your paper should conform to A.P.A. guidelines. Do you remember how to properly cite and refer to a chapter or selection from an edited book? I hope so! If not, don't expect a good grade.
Although the content is going to be primary, organization, spelling, and grammar are also important. Ensure that they are all under your control before you hand in anything. In other words, I expect you to do College Level writing. You should use this as an opportunity to show off your ability to think clearly, precisely, and logically, & completely, as well as write elegantly!
To receive full credit for this assignment you must submit your writing by noon, on the day specified in the syllabus, to Brightspace. As always, ensure that your work is done in Microsoft Word format.
University does use turnitin.com
Bid will not exceed the amount offered.
(Reading context below):
Genetically Modified Food: Good, Bad, Ugly
arthur l. caplan
Arthur L. Caplan is a professor and head of the Division of Bioethics at New York University’s Langone Medical Center. He is the author or editor of 32 books and over 600 papers in peer-reviewed journals of medicine, science, philosophy, bioethics, and health policy. He won the Patricia Price Browne Prize in Biomedical Ethics for 201 ...
This document discusses genetic modification of foods. It provides information on dominant and recessive alleles and how traits are controlled. It also discusses single gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, and multifactorial disorders. The document presents arguments for and against genetically modified foods and discusses related topics like corporate control of the food supply, pest resistance, the appearance of organic versus modified foods, and potential long-term health effects.
1) The document discusses how the chemical diacetyl used in microwave popcorn's "butter flavoring" has caused a lung disease called bronchiolitis obliterans in popcorn factory workers and may also pose risks to consumers. A government agency was warned about this risk but did not adequately respond.
2) Factory farming, which confines thousands of animals in tight spaces, dominates U.S. meat production and causes environmental and health problems. A new map shows where these factory farms are concentrated. Consumers are impacted by the antibiotic and hormone use in these systems.
3) Recent large meat recalls and various food safety issues over the past year and a half have undermined consumer confidence in food safety.
The FDA has approved the sale and consumption of meat and milk from cloned animals and their offspring in the United States without requiring labeling. However, cloning is still an inefficient process with a high rate of stillbirths and offspring mortality. While the FDA claims food from cloned animals is as safe as conventionally produced food, they have not conducted long-term studies on human health effects. Consumers currently have no way of knowing if the food they purchase comes from cloned animals. Mandatory labeling would allow personal choice just as labels do for organic versus conventional products.
The document discusses whether people should become vegetarian and presents arguments on both sides of the issue. It begins by providing background information on meat consumption in the US and common arguments made by proponents and opponents of vegetarianism. It then lists 13 reasons to support the pro position that people should become vegetarian. These reasons include the ethical treatment of animals, human anatomy being suited to a plant-based diet, health benefits, environmental impacts, and concerns about the treatment and slaughter of animals raised for food.
Genetically modified foods are foods that have been altered at the genetic level using genetic engineering techniques. While some argue GM foods could pose risks to human health and the environment, others believe they could help address issues like malnutrition. However, there is still a lack of long-term research on the health impacts of consuming GM foods. Additionally, widespread adoption of GM foods could negatively impact small farmers if unable to keep up with the technology. Overall, there are ongoing ethical debates around both the benefits and risks of GM foods for human health, societies, and the agricultural industry.
The document discusses strategies for scientists to communicate effectively with the public about genetically modified foods and biotechnology given that public records laws have been abused by activists to intimidate and harass scientists. It provides recommendations for scientists to be transparent in their work, emphasize shared values with the public around issues like health and the environment, and highlight examples of how biotechnology has benefited farmers and consumers. The document also outlines missed opportunities from biotechnology research that has not reached the public due to opposition.
How to Change the Hearts and Minds of a Concerned PublicKevin Folta
Slides from 2016 Crop Connect in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The presentation talks about the current problem in the discussion of genetic engineering, and how farm producers need to be part of the solution. presented February 11, 2016
The document discusses several topics related to beauty standards promoted by the media and their harmful effects. It describes how unrealistic media portrayals can lead to eating disorders, body image issues, and people undergoing dangerous cosmetic procedures. The document also addresses how animal testing is used by the beauty industry and the cruelty involved. It suggests alternative testing methods that are more effective and don't use animals.
The document discusses several issues related to beauty standards portrayed in media:
1) Exposure to thin ideals in media like television was shown to negatively impact body image and dieting behaviors in Fijian teens.
2) Companies like Dove are working to address this by displaying a more diverse range of body types in advertisements.
3) Pursuing unrealistic beauty standards can lead to health issues like eating disorders and risky cosmetic procedures.
2015 Florida Farm Bureau Young Farmers and Ranchers symposium discusses how to engage public dialog in the area of transgenic (GMO) technology. Animal and plant biotech are discussed, along with ways to hone the messaging to communicate effectively with a concerned audience.
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Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Dr. Wallace Berry - Agriculture Will Survive Myths and Misconceptions About Organic Or Backyard Poultry
1. How Animal Agriculture Will Survive: Debunking Myths
and Misconceptions About Organic and Backyard Poultry
Wallace Berry
Auburn University
Poultry Science Department
Auburn University
Auburn, AL
Berrywd@auburn.edu
NIAA Omaha 2014 - Berry
http://www.the-chicken-chick.com/2012/12/quarantine-of-backyard-chickens-why-
and.html
http://seattletimes.com/html/picturethis/2013043103_thenewchickendebatecagefreeandorganicorother.ht
ml
2. “If a consumer doesn’t want food
produced by “mainstream agriculture” he
or she can buy organic. What’s hurtful is
being led down a path that suggests
there’s something wrong with all the food
they’re buying currently...”
-Doug Chorney, Keystone Agricultural Producers
NIAA Omaha 2014 - Berry
3. Organic Food
1. Demand for organic food is a
market to be served.
2. The customer is always right.
3. The customer deserves factual
information.
4. Educating the customer is a
good thing and necessary.
5. Providing context is key in the
case for modern agriculture.
6. No Chemicals/Pesticides
Chemophobia
“Chemical” is a "trigger word”: "A stimulus
intended to trigger an emotional rather than a
rational response.
People believe that organic = no chemicals
Not true. Organic production uses pesticides,
fungicides (Rotenone anyone?)
Over 20 pesticides allowed in organic
production.
Many potent pesticides and bioactive chemicals
occur naturally - alkaloids like nicotine, caffeine,
opioids.
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/the-curious-wavefunction/2013/04/09/how-to-recognize-and-talk-to-a-chemophobe/
7. No Chemicals/Pesticides
Chemicals in organic foods
Studies have demonstrated that non-organic
and organic foods both have very low or no
synthetic pesticide residues.
However, organic production often uses much
more of the "organic" pesticides
Greater impact on environment
Higher levels of intrinsic toxic compounds
as crops respond to pest damage.
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/the-curious-wavefunction/2013/04/09/how-to-recognize-and-talk-to-a-chemophobe/
9. No Hormones
The labels “Raised Without Added Hormones“, “No
Hormones Administered” or “No Synthetic Hormones”
indicate that no synthetic hormones were given to animals.
Federal law prohibits the use of hormones on hogs and
poultry.
The use of any hormone free label on pork and poultry
products is intended to mislead consumers into thinking
that the product is different and therefore r of a higher
price.
USDA requires that use of these labels on pork or poultry
include the disclaimer: “Federal regulations prohibit the use of
hormones in poultry/pork.”
https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/food/consumer-labels/labels-that-tell-you-a-little/
http://us.123rf.com/450wm/jpldesigns/jpldesigns1212/jpldesigns121200089/17071486-
no-hormone-100-natural-food-label-illustration-isolated-on-white-background.jpg
10. No Hormones?
1.9 nanograms of estrogen in implanted beef.
Human child’s body produces = 50,000 nanograms of estrogen per
day.
Adult human female (non-pregnant) = 480,000 nanograms of
estrogen per day.
One birth control pill = 35,000 nanograms of estrogen.
225 nanograms of estrogen in potatoes,
340 nanograms of estrogen in peas,
520 nanograms of estrogen in ice cream, 2,000 nanograms of
estrogen in cabbage,
11,250 nanograms of estrogen in soy milk,
170,000 nanograms of estrogen in soybean oil
....based on a 3 ounce serving size.
11. No Antibiotics
Antibiotic residues in food?
Antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotics and antibiotic
resistance occur naturally
Antibiotics being phased out
13. Greener
More Sustainable
Less Carbon Footprint
Organic farming practices use less synthetic pesticides.
But, organic farms use their own chemicals that are still
ecologically damaging, and refuse to endorse
technologies that reduce or eliminate the use of these
all together.
Example, organic farming’s stance against genetically
modified organisms (GMOs).
14. Greener
More Sustainable
Less Carbon Footprint
• Studies results support that organic farming usually supports more
biodiversity
• Does not have a positive impact per unit of production.
• Organic milk, cereals, and pork all generated higher greenhouse
gas emissions per unit of product than their conventionally farmed
counterparts – although organic beef and had lower emissions in
most cases.
• In general organic products required less energy input, but more
land than the same quantity of conventional products.
17. Quality
Subjects in blind taste tests have never
been able to discriminate between
organic and conventional foods
(assuming similar conditions of strain,
post harvest processing, ripeness, etc).
20. Debunking Myths is
Difficult
“Backfire Effects”
1. Familiarity backfire
2. Overkill backfire
3. Worldview backfire
http://www.testically.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/backfire-gun-300x211.jpg
Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. St. Lucia, Australia: University of
Queensland. November 5. ISBN 978-0-646-56812-6. [http://sks.to/debunk]
21. To debunk a myth, you have to talk about it -
This makes people more familiar with the myth.
Debunking a myth often actually reinforces it in people’s
minds!
To test for this, people were shown evidence that
debunked common myths about vaccines.
Afterwards, they were asked to separate the myths from
the facts. When asked immediately after reading the
research, people successfully identified the myths.
When asked again 30 minutes later, people actually
scored worse for believing the myth than before they read
the evidence.
Debunking reinforced the myths!
Familiarity Backfire
Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. St. Lucia, Australia: University of
Queensland. November 5. ISBN 978-0-646-56812-6. [http://sks.to/debunk]
22. Avoiding "Familiarity Backfire":
Ideally, avoid mentioning the myth altogether while
correcting it. When seeking to counter misinformation,
the best approach is to focus on the facts you wish to
communicate.
Not mentioning the myth is sometimes not a practical
option. In this case, the emphasis of the debunking
should be on the facts. Headlining your debunking with
the myth in big, bold type is the last thing you want to
do. Instead, communicate your core fact in the headline.
Your debunking should begin with emphasis on the
facts, not the myth. Your goal is to increase people’s
familiarity with the facts.
Familiarity Backfire
Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. St. Lucia, Australia: University of
Queensland. November 5. ISBN 978-0-646-56812-6. [http://sks.to/debunk]
23. Avoiding Familiarity Backfire
1. Emphasize the Core Facts:
Selective breeding and excellent nutrition allows modern poultry to grow quickly
and efficiently.
2. Core Facts Reinforced Narrative:
Starting in the 1920's, poultry breeders began concentrated efforts to breed birds
that grew faster and more efficiently, with a greater proportion of meat to bone.
Coupled with research that determined the nutritional requirements of the bird,
steady incremental improvements have resulted in the large breasted, fast
growing birds of today.
3. Now Mention the Myth:
A persistent myth about commercial poultry is that growth hormones and steroids
are responsible for fast growing chickens.
4. How the Myth Persists and Alternative Explanation
Many poultry companies, food outlets, and organic producers perpetuate the myth
by advertising that their chickens do not get hormones. This is an intentional
effort to mislead consumers into thinking that competitors poultry is less
wholesome. Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. St. Lucia, Australia: University of
Queensland. November 5. ISBN 978-0-646-56812-6. [http://sks.to/debunk]
24. Overkill Backfire
Common wisdom is that the more counter-
arguments you provide, the more successful
you’ll be in debunking a myth. It turns out that
the opposite can be true. When it comes to
refuting misinformation, less can be more.
Generating three arguments, for example, can
be more successful in reducing
misperceptions than generating twelve
arguments, which can end up reinforcing the
initial misperception (2).
Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. St. Lucia, Australia: University of
Queensland. November 5. ISBN 978-0-646-56812-6. [http://sks.to/debunk]
25. Avoiding Overkill Backfire
The Overkill Backfire Effect occurs because processing many
arguments takes more effort than just considering a few. A simple myth
is more cognitively attractive than an over-complicated correction.
The solution:
1. Keep content simple and easy to read.
2. Use simple language, short sentences, subheadings and paragraphs.
3. Avoid dramatic language and derogatory comments that alienate
people.
4. Stick to the facts.
5. End on a strong and simple message.
6. Use graphics.
Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. St. Lucia, Australia: University of
Queensland. November 5. ISBN 978-0-646-56812-6. [http://sks.to/debunk]
27. Worldview Backfire
The third and arguably most potent
backfire effect occurs with topics that tie
in with people’s worldviews and sense of
cultural identity.
For those who are strongly fixed in their
views, being confronted with counter-
arguments can cause their views to be
strengthened.
Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. St. Lucia, Australia: University of
Queensland. November 5. ISBN 978-0-646-56812-6. [http://sks.to/debunk]
28. Worldview Backfire
Presenting information or arguments that conflict
with strongly held views that are central to a person's
sense of identity may strengthen those views.
1. Confirmation bias:
Seeking out information that confirms preconceived
views.
2 Disconfirmation bias:
Ignoring information that runs counter to preconceived
views.
Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. St. Lucia, Australia: University of
Queensland. November 5. ISBN 978-0-646-56812-6. [http://sks.to/debunk]
29. Countering Worldview Backfire
Worldview Backfire Effect is strongest among those already fixed in
their views. So there is a greater chance of correcting misinformation
among those not as firmly decided about hot- button issues.
1. Outreach should be directed towards the undecided majority rather
than the unswayable minority.
2. Information can be presented in ways that reduce the usual
psychological resistance. For example, when worldview-threatening
messages are coupled with "self affirmation", people become more
balanced in considering pro and con information.
"Yes, considering the remarkable growth rate of modern chickens, and
all the news about athletes using steroids, no wonder people assume
hormones are used in chickens."
Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. St. Lucia, Australia: University of
Queensland. November 5. ISBN 978-0-646-56812-6. [http://sks.to/debunk]
30. Countering Worldview Backfire
Worldview Backfire Effect is strongest among those already fixed in their views. So there
is a greater chance of correcting misinformation among those not as firmly decided about
hot- button issues.
1. Outreach should be directed towards the undecided majority rather than the
unswayable minority.
example: Never argue with an idiot. They will drag you down to their level and beat you
with experience.
2. Information can be presented in ways that reduce the usual psychological resistance.
For example, when worldview-threatening messages are coupled with "self affirmation",
people become more balanced in considering pro and con information.
example:"Yes, considering the remarkable growth rate of modern chickens, and all the
news about athletes using steroids, no wonder people assume hormones are used in
chickens."
3. Information can be made more acceptable by “framing” it in a way that is less
threatening to a person’s worldview.
example: Gains in efficiency and productivity reduce the amount of feed, energy, and
waste and that contributes to "sustainability".
Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. St. Lucia, Australia: University of
Queensland. November 5. ISBN 978-0-646-56812-6. [http://sks.to/debunk]
32. References
Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S. (2011), The Debunking Handbook. St. Lucia, Australia: University of
Queensland. November 5. ISBN 978-0-646-56812-6. [http://sks.to/debunk]
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/science-sushi/2011/07/18/mythbusting-101-organic-farming-conventional-agriculture/
Are Organic Foods Safer or Healthier Than Conventional Alternatives? A Systematic Review. Crystal Smith-
Spangler, MD, MS; Margaret L. Brandeau, PhD; Grace E. Hunter, BA; J. Clay Bavinger, BA; Maren Pearson, BS;
Paul J. Eschbach; Vandana Sundaram, MPH; Hau Liu, MD, MS, MBA, MPH; Patricia Schirmer, MD; Christopher
Stave, MLS; Ingram Olkin, PhD; and Dena M. Bravata, MD, MS. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:348-366.
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/the-curious-wavefunction/2013/04/09/how-to-recognize-and-talk-to-a-chemophobe/
https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/food/consumer-labels/labels-that-tell-you-a-little/