This orthodontic case presentation summarizes the chief concerns of a 20-year-old female college student. She presents with spaced upper and lower front teeth. Her other orthodontic issues include a class three incisal relationship, posterior crossbite, shifted lower midline, and rotated teeth. Her proposed treatment plan is to address these dental esthetic and functional concerns through nonextraction orthodontics combined with periodontal procedures like frenectomy. The goals of treatment are to close spaces, eliminate malocclusion, improve dental alignment and function, and achieve a good occlusion. Retention protocols include fixed retainers and removable retainers.
Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Orthodontic diagnosis deals with recognition of the various characteristics of the malocclusion. It involves collection of pertinent data in a systemic manner to help in the identifying the nature and cause of the problem.
Treatment of a young female patient wit a combination of Invisalign and distalizing appliance. Well treated by one of our students under my supervision.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Similar to Dr reham rawashdeh case presentation (20)
DISSERTATION on NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERYNEHA GUPTA
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
Following hit identification, the hits are optimized to improve their efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in lead compounds. These leads undergo further refinement to enhance their potency, reduce toxicity, and improve drug-like characteristics, creating drug candidates suitable for preclinical testing. In the preclinical development phase, drug candidates are tested in vitro (in cell cultures) and in vivo (in animal models) to evaluate their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Toxicology studies are conducted to assess potential risks.
Before clinical trials can begin, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to regulatory authorities. This application includes data from preclinical studies and plans for clinical trials. Clinical development involves human trials in three phases: Phase I tests the drug's safety and dosage in a small group of healthy volunteers, Phase II assesses the drug's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients with the target disease, and Phase III confirms the drug's efficacy and monitors adverse reactions in a large population, often compared to existing treatments.
After successful clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to regulatory authorities for approval, including all data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as proposed labeling and manufacturing information. Regulatory authorities then review the NDA to ensure the drug is safe, effective, and of high quality, potentially requiring additional studies. Finally, after a drug is approved and marketed, it undergoes post-marketing surveillance, which includes continuous monitoring for long-term safety and effectiveness, pharmacovigilance, and reporting of any adverse effects.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
10. Patient denied any medical condition .
Dental history :
Previously endodontic and restorative
treatment for the upper right 6 .
No Previous History of trauma or habits .
12. ‘I Don’t like the space
Between my teeth especially my
upper frontals “
13. Mastication and speech : within
normal limits
TMJ: No signs of TMJ dysfunction
(No clicking, no crepitus, no
tenderness to palpation) and good
range of opening and lateral
movement, displacement on
closure to the left.
14. Midline : the
patient face is
asymmetric ; the
lower midline is
shifted to the
left to the facial
midline .
18. Face : triangular
slightly narrow face
,asymmetric ; chin
shifted to the left on
closure.
Nose : prominent, tip
slightly to the right .
Lips : Competent ,thin
average tonicity.
30. Oral hygiene is good
Flourosis minaly affecting canine and premolar area.
SoftTissue : all within normal limits , firm coral pink
gingiva, prominent labial frenum.
33. Overbite : Reduced 0-0.5mm.
Centerlines : lower centerline is shifted 2 mm to the left, upper can’t
be identified.
Cross bites : localized at the upper left canine , and upper 1st premolar
.
Displacements: on closure to the left 3mm approximately.
34. Molar relationship : Quarter three unit.
Canine : Class one( mesialy angulated)
Cross bite : None
Flourosis on posterior teeth.
35. Flourosis on posterior teeth.
Molar relationship : class one .
Canine relationship : Class one (upright) .
Cross bite : on upper canine and 1st premolar.
36. U –Shaped upper jaw .
High attachment of labial frenum.
Class one carious lesion on upper left1st molar, restored upper right 1st molar.
Well aligned posterior segments ,upper right and left 1st premolars are
slightly rotated in DB direction and upper left 2nd premolar ,well aligned
spaced anterior segment,
( 3 mm Diastema) .
37. U-Shaped lower arch
Normal size tongue
Partially erupted lower right 3rd molar
Well aligned buccal segments ( lower left 1st premolar is rotated slightly in
MB direction ,lower left canine I rotated in mesiolingual direction , well
aligned spaced anterior segment( 7 mm)
47. Crowding and spacing -Space available=71mm
space required= 66.5mm .. 4.5mm spacing
- LevelingCOS …not in need
-Arch width change … not in need ..individual tooth expansion is ignored .
IncisorA-P position change … not in need
Angulation change … less than 2 mm for all upper incisor (0.5 for each
tooth).
Torque or inclination change… about 1 mm / 5 degree for all upper
centrals.
20
15
20
16
48. Space available =67mm
Space required = 61mm … space=6 mm
Leveling of COS … not in need
A-P change .. Not in need
-Crowding and spacing
56. According to the IOTN Index the
patient falls into the great Need
Category ; Grade4c which indicate
the prescience of anterior or
posterior cross bite with more
than 2 mm discrepancy between
CR and ICP .
57.
58. I.M is a 20 years old MF female patient presented at our clinic with
an esthetic concern related to her “Spaced upper and lower
frontal teeth “, she has good oral hygiene , mild Flourosis
condition ,she has class three incisal on mild three skeletal base
with an average lower facial height , highly attached upper labia
frenum, this is complicated by spaced upper( midline Diastema )
and lower anterior segment, decreased OJ and OB class one
canine relationship, quarter three molar relationship at the left
side, class one canine and molar relationship at right side ,, lower
dental midline is shifted to the left, posterior cross bite at the site
of upper left canine and 1st premolar with mandibular
displacement to the left at closure, and rotated 4 45
3434
59. 1. Carious lesion on upper left 1st molar, teeth Flourosis.
2.Spaced upper frontals( Diastema) , and lower labial segment.
3.Class three skeletal pattern and facial assymetry.
4.Highly attached upper labial frenum.
5.Class three incisal relationship.
6. Posterior cross bite at the site of upper left canine and 1st premolar.
7.ReducedOJ.
8. ReducedOB.
9. Lower dental midline is shifted 2mm to the left.
10. Quarter three unit molar relaion at the right side.
11. Rotated
4 45
3434
60. 1.achieving good oral hygiene throughout orthodontic treatment.
2.Treatment of carious upper left 6,improving dental esthetics by solving
Flourosis issue.
3.Close spaces.
4.Eliminate madibular displament associated with posterior cross bite.
5.Accept class three skeletal base and maximizing dentoaleveolar compensation.
6.Frenectomy of upper labial frenum.
7.Level and align arches.
8.Correct centerlines.
9.Normalize OJ and OB.
10. Maintain and achieve the already class one molar and canine relationships.
11. Coordinate dental arches with good buccal interdigitation.
12.Retain the corrected results.
61. DENTAL HEALTH IMROVMNT AND MINTAINANCE :
1.Treatment of carious upper left molar.
2. O.H instructions .
ORTODONTIC TREATMENT PHASE :
Camouflage;
Non extraction
Upper Lower F.A
Class three elastics
Periodontal PROCEDURE:
Referral for periodontal department for Frenectomy +- CSF ( Rotated teeth) .
RETNTION PROTOCOL:
Upper( 3-3 ) and lower fixed retainer , lower (3-3) fixed retainer,(0.0175 inch
multistrand ss,flexible allowing physiological tooth movment , less failure rate .
Upper and lower hawley retainers after correction of crossbite and rotated teeth
62. -Increase etching time ( up to one minute) at DB appointment; Florousis.
F.A perscription (MBT); bodily movment is need ; rotated teeth ,lower labial root
torque.
Swap lower canines bracket; to avoid LLS proclination.
Lacebacks and cinchback in L.A ; to avoid LLS proclination.
Closing lower spaces on round steel wires.
Class three elastics ;close spaces ,increase OJ
Retention
Permanent fixed retainer upper and lower (3-3)+ upper lower Hawley retainer;
Spaced teeth ,and to keep the resulted interdigitation.
Refer for frenectomy prior to Debonding appointment ; Scar may retain the
achieved result of space closure ???!!!