Educational Technology: Module-2 can be classified into two categories on the basis of Applicability and Approach

1. Educational Technology:
Module-2
Approaches to Educational Technology
Presented by
Dr. Rajashekhar Shirvalkar
SMRS B.Ed and M.Ed College, Kalaburagi

2. Hello,
Dear Students
In previous class we had discussed in
Module-1 about Meaning, Definitions,
Nature, Objectives and Importance of
Educational Technology.
Today, we will discuss on Approaches to
Educational Technology.

3. The study & ethical practice of facilitating learning &
improving performances by creating, using & managing
appropriate technological processes & resources.
Teaching Technology
01
Instructional technology is the branch of education concerned
with the scientific study of instructional design and
development and the theory and practice of using technology
for education.
Instructional Technology
02
It refers to the application of behavioural sciences like
psychology of educational theories and practical teaching –
learning problems, instruction and motivation etc.
Behavioral Technology
03
Educational Technology can be classified into two categories on
the basis of Applicability and Approach
On the basis of Applicability
Approaches to
Educational Technology

4. 1. Teaching Technology

5. Content of Teaching Technology
K. Davies and Robert Glaser (1962) have developed the content of teaching technology and classified into 4
elements.
1.Planning of
Teaching
2.Organization
of teaching
3.Leading of
teaching
4.Controlling of
teaching

10. Assumptions of Teaching Technology
The content of teaching technology is based on the following assumptions.

11. Characteristics of Teaching Technology
The following are the main features of Teaching Technology.
1
• All the 3 domains of objectives: cognitive, affective and
psychomotor can be achieved by this technology.
2
• It can make the teaching more effective.
3
• Teaching technology is based on philosophical, sociological
and scientific knowledge of education.
4
• Teaching can be organized at 3 levels namely: memory,
understanding and reflective level of teaching.
5
• As a system it consists of the inputs, process and outputs with
the focus on teachers.
6
• The teaching-learning process can be made effective with the
help of teaching technology

12. 2. Instructional Technology

13. 2. Instructional Technology

14. 2. Instructional Technology

15. 2. Instructional Technology

16. 3. Behavioral Technology
1.This technology
is closely related to
psychology.
2.Psychology is the
Science of
behaviour and
learning is the
modification of
behaviour through
activities and
experiences.
3.It is an
application of
scientific
knowledge or
modifying teacher’s
behaviour.
4.It is also called
as ‘Training
Technology’
5.The chief
exponents of B.T:
Flanders, B.F.
Skinner, Anderson,
and Amidon.

17. 3. Behavioral Technology:Content of Behavioural Technology
Methods of
observing
teacher’s
behaviour and its
rating (speed).
The interpretation
and evaluation of
teacher behaviour.
Meaning &
definition of
teacher behaviour.
Assumptions &
theory of teacher
behaviour.
Models of
classroom
interaction.
Various techniques
of developing
teacher behaviour
such as,
Micro teaching
Team teaching
Interaction analysis
techniques
Programmed
instruction
A teacher learns the following
subject-matter (topics) under this
technology:

18. 3. Behavioral Technology: Characteristics
It has the focus to
achieve the
psychomotor
objectives.
The specific
teaching skills can
be developed in
teacher with the
help of this
technology.
The basic
foundation is
psychology.
It is based upon
software
approach.
Reinforcement
and feedback are
emphasized.
It aims at
producing
effective teachers
by modifying the
behaviour.
It is more useful
for teacher
training
institutions.
The following are the main features of
Behavioural Technology:

19. The hardware approach refers to the use of machines and other
mechanical devices in the process of education.
Hardware Approach
01
Software Approach is concerned with teaching objectives in
behavioural terms, principles of teaching, methods of teaching,
reinforcement of instructional system, feedback, reviews and
evaluation. Software approach tries to develop all the three basic
components of technology, i.e. Input, Process and Output.
Software Approach
02
System approach is a systematic attempt to coordinate all
aspects of a problem towards specific objectives. The System
Approach focuses first upon the learner and then course content,
learning experiences and effective media and instructional
strategies.
System Approach
03
There are three types of educational technology on the basis of
approaches. They are:
On the basis of Approaches
Approaches to
Educational Technology
We discuss in next module-3

20. Aspect Teaching Technology Instructional Technology Behavioural Technology
1. Exponents
D. K Davies, N.L Gagne
Herbert, Hunt, Bruner
and Robert Glaser.
B. F Skinner, Glaser, Gilbert,
Mager
Flanders, B.F Skinner,
Anderson and Amidon
2. Objectives
Development of cognitive,
affective and psychomotor
domains.
Development of Cognitive
domain.
Development of psychomotor
(skills).
3. Components /
approach
Content and
communication
Physical (Hardware)
approach
Behavioural (Software)
approach
4. Basis / Foundation of
teaching
Philosophical, sociological
psychological and
scientific
Psychological and scientific
basis
Psychological and cybernetics.
5. content
– Planning of teaching
– Organization of
teaching
– Leading of teaching
– Controlling of teaching
– Task analysis
– Formulating objectives
in behavioural terms
– Reinforcement strategies
– Teacher behaviour theories
– Teaching models
– Observation techniques
– Analysis and modifications of
Teacher behaviour.
6. Level / Types of
teaching and learning
– memory
– understanding
– Reflective
– Programmed learning (self)
– CAI
– Learner Controlled
Instruction
– Interaction analysis
– Micro Teaching
– Team Teaching
7. Principles
– Art of teaching and
science of learning
Input, Process, Output
Principles of learning feedback
and reinforcement
8. Role of teacher As Manager As helper As an observer or supervisor
9. Application
Improving classroom
teaching and making it
effective and purposive
Self – instruction,
Correspondence education &
remedial teaching
Teacher education and teacher
training
Comparison among Different Forms of
Educational Technology

21. References:
Ellington, H. P. F. and Race, P. (2005). Handbook of Educational
Technology, Third Edition, London: Kogan Page Ltd.
IGNOU, (2000). ES-361: Educational Technology, B.Ed. Programme,
New Delhi: IGNOU, pp. 9-11.
IGNOU, (2009) MES-031, Introduction to Educational Technology?
New Delhi: IGNOU, Unit-1, pp. 1-19. Kulkarni, S. S. (1986).
Introduction to Educational Technology, New Delhi: Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co. pp. 143-144.
Kumar, K. L. (1997). Educational Technology: A Practical Textbook
for Students, Teachers, Professionals and Trainers. New Delhi: New
Age International.
NCERT, (2012). Proposed Syllabus of Educational Technology and
ICT for Teacher Education Programme. CIET, New Delhi. Sharma, R.
A. (2004). Technological Foundations of Education, Third edition, R.
Lal Publications, Meerut
Skinner, B. F. (1968). The Technology of Teaching, New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts. Walia, J. S. (1997). Educational Technology,
Paul Publishers, Jalandhar: pp. 104-120.

22. Thank You
References:
Ellington, H. P. F. and Race, P. (2005). Handbook of Educational
Technology, Third Edition, London: Kogan Page Ltd.
IGNOU, (2000). ES-361: Educational Technology, B.Ed.
Programme, New Delhi: IGNOU, pp. 9-11.
IGNOU, (2009) MES-031, Introduction to Educational
Technology? New Delhi: IGNOU, Unit-1, pp. 1-19. Kulkarni, S.
S. (1986). Introduction to Educational Technology, New Delhi:
Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. pp. 143-144.
Kumar, K. L. (1997). Educational Technology: A Practical
Textbook for Students, Teachers, Professionals and Trainers.
New Delhi: New Age International.
NCERT, (2012). Proposed Syllabus of Educational Technology
and ICT for Teacher Education Programme. CIET, New Delhi.
Sharma, R. A. (2004). Technological Foundations of Education,
Third edition, R. Lal Publications, Meerut
Skinner, B. F. (1968). The Technology of Teaching, New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts. Walia, J. S. (1997). Educational
Technology, Paul Publishers, Jalandhar: pp. 104-120.