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Uploaded byDr Alok Bharti
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Breeds of poultry

This document provides information on common poultry breeds including chickens, quail, guinea fowl, and turkey. It describes the major classes of chickens including American, English, Mediterranean, and Asiatic classes. Within each class are several breeds that are described in terms of their origin, weight, egg color, uses, and distinguishing characteristics. Information is also provided on other poultry breeds such as bantam chickens, Indian chicken breeds, and ancestral junglefowl. Details are given on common quail breeds categorized as lightweight, medium-weight, and heavyweight that differ in terms of egg production, growth rate, foraging ability, and temperament.

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General Description with Breeds and Varieties of Poultry Dr. Alok Bharti S.M.S. (Vety. Sc.) Krishi Vigyan Kendra Bikramganj, Rohtas
1. •CHICKEN 2. •QUAIL 3. •GUINEA FOWL4. •TURKEY
(Gallus domesticus)
(Anus platyrinchos)
(Coturnix coturnix)
(Maleagridis gallapova)
(Numida meleagris)
MAJOR CLASSES OF CHICKEN AMERICAN CLASS ENGLISH CLASS MEDITERRANEAN CLASS ASIATIC CLASS
OTHER CLASSES OF CHICKEN Bantams Indian Breeds of Chicken Red Jungle fowls (Ancestral Chicken)
American Class Rhode Island Red New Hampshire Wyandotte Plymouth Rock
Rhode Island Red
Varieties: Single Comb, and Rose Comb Standard Weights: 5 ½ lbs to 8 ½ lbs Egg Shell Color: Brown Use:Egg production Characteristics: Relatively hardy. The best egg layers of the dual purpose breeds. Reds handle marginal diets and poor housing conditions RHODE ISLAND RED
New Hampshire
Origin: Massachusetts and New Hampshire Standard Weights: 6 1/2 lbs to 8 1/2 lbs Egg Shell Color: Brown Use:Meat production Characteristics: They possess a deep, broad body, grow feathers rapidly. The color is a medium to light red and often fades in the sunshine NEW HAMPSHIRE
Wyandotte
Origin: America Standard Weights: 6 1/2 lbs to 8 1/2 lbs Egg Shell Color: Brown Use: Meat /Egg production Characteristics: They are docile; normally will show broodiness; possess a long, broad back; a moderately deep, full breast and a single comb of moderate size. WYANDOTTE
Plymouth Rock
Origin: America Standard Weights: 7 ½ lbs to 9 ½ lbs Egg Shell Color: Brown Use: Meat /Egg production Characteristics: Relatively hardy. The best egg layers of the dual purpose breeds. Reds handle marginal diets and poor housing conditions Plymouth Rock
English Class Australorp Cornish Orphington
Australorp
Origin: Australia Standard Weights: 6 ½ lbs to 8 ½ lbs Egg Shell Color: Brown Use: Egg production Characteristics: Australorps have intense beetle-green sheen on the black birds, dark eyes, deep bodies and are very active. They are one of the best dual-purpose fowls. Australorp
Cornish
Origin: England Standard Weights: 8 lbs to 10 ½ lbs Egg Shell Color: Brown Use:Meat production Characteristics: Broad, well muscled body. Its legs are of large diameter and widely spaced. The deep set eyes, projecting brows and strong, slightly curved beak give the Cornish a rather cruel expression. Cornish
Orpington
Origin: England Standard Weights: 10 lbs to 8 lbs Egg Shell Color: Brown Use: Meat /Egg production Characteristics: Heavily but loosely feathered, appearing massive. Their feathering allows them to endure cold temperatures better than some other breeds. Orpington
Mediterranean Class Leghorn Minorca Ancona
Leghorn
Origin: Italy Standard Weights: 4 ½ lbs to 6 lbs Egg Shell Color: White Use: Meat /Egg production Characteristics: Small & noisy bird with great style, Leghorns like to move about. They are good foragers and can get their diet from ranging over fields. Leghorns are capable of considerable flight and often roost in trees if given the opportunity Leghorn
Minorca
Origin: Spain (Mediterranean) Standard Weights: 7 ½ lbs to 9 lbs Egg Shell Color: White Use: Egg production Characteristics: Largest of the Mediterranean breeds, they are long, angular birds that appear larger than they are. Minorcas are stately, impressive birds and can give a fair return in eggs. Minorca
Ancona
Origin: America Standard Weights: 7 ½ lbs to 9 ½ lbs Egg Shell Color: White Use:Egg production Characteristics: Active and busy birds, they are good foragers and said to be indifferent to climate. Ancona
Asiatic Class Brahma Cochin Langshan
Brahma
Origin: China Standard Weights: 12 ½ lbs to 9 lbs Egg Shell Color: Brown Use:Meat production Characteristics: Beautiful, stately birds, large size and gentle nature. Their small comb and wattles, together with profuse feathering and well feathered shanks. Brahma
Cochin
Origin: China Standard Weights: 11 lbs to 8 ½ lbs Egg Shell Color: Brown Use:Ornamental/ Game Characteristics: Literally big, fluffy balls of feathers. They are mainly kept as an ornamental fowl and are well suited to close confinement Cochin
Langshan
Origin: China Standard Weights: 9 ½ lbs to 7 ½ lbs Egg Shell Color: Brown Use:Meat/Egg production Characteristics: They are active and quick. The black variety has.a deep greenish sheen when viewed in the proper light. Their feet and legs are feathered but not as fully as the Cochins or Brahmas. Langshan
Houdan
Polish
Other Standard Breeds • Araucana • Ameraucana • Cubalaya • Malay • Modern Game • Old English Game • Phoenix • Sultan • Turken • Yokohama
Araucana
Ameraucana Blue Green Eggs
Malay
Modern Game
Old English Game
Phoenix
Sultan
Bantam Chicken (Fancy breeds) • Booted Bantam • Japanese • Sebright • Silkie
Booted Bantam
Japanese
Sebright
Silkie
Silkies
Indian Chicken Breeds •Kadaknath •Aseel •Naked Neck •Punjab Brown •Ankaleswar •Chittagong
Kadaknath (Kalamasi)
Aseel
Naked Neck
Punjab Brown
Ankaleswar
Junglefowls (Ancestors)  Red Junglefowl  Grey Junglefowl  Ceylon (Sri Lanka) Junglefowl  Javan (Green) Junglefowl
Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus)
Grey Junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii)
Ceylon Junglefowl (Gallus lafayetii)
Javan Junglefowl (Green Junglefowl) (Gallus varius)
Facts  Like pheasants Quails have the ability to fly well over a short distance  But unlike pheasants they nest on the ground.  Quail often sit on large numbers of eggs.  When breeding, the female will lay around 6-12 eggs then sit on them.  If she cannot cover all the eggs often the male will join her on the nest.  The chicks are precocial - meaning that they are able to walk and feed themselves almost immediately after hatching.
Lightweight Breeds  Campbell  Welsh Harlequin  Runner ◦ High egg production ◦ Excellent foragers ◦ Poor to Fair mothers ◦ Flightier & Fliers
Campbell  250 – 340 eggs per year  White eggs  Campbells weigh 4 – 4 ½  Adaptable to a range of climates
Welsh Harlequin  250 – 340 eggs per year  White eggs  Campbells weigh 5 – 5 ½  Very adaptable to a range of climates
Indian Runner  Comes in many colors  Most active foragers  150 – 300 eggs per year  Adapted to harse conditions
Medium-weight Breeds  Ancona  Cayuga  Orpington  Swedish ◦ Dual purpose – eggs & meat ◦ Moderately fast growth rate ◦ Good foragers ◦ Fair to Good mothers
Ancona  210 – 290 eggs per year  Eggs white, tinted, blue, green or spotted  Magpie weighs 6 – 7 pounds  Best foragers and best layers of this group
Cayuga  American breed  Dual purpose farm duck  100 – 150 eggs per year  Eggs light grey, blue, green, or white  Weighs 7 – 8 pounds
Orpington  a.k.a “Buff”  Excellent dual purpose bird  150 – 220 eggs per year  Eggs white or tinted  Weighs 7 – 8 pounds
Swedish  100 – 150 eggs per year  Eggs white, tinted, blue, or green  Weighs 7 – 8 pounds
Heavy-weight Breeds  Appleyard  Aylesbury  Muscovy  Pekin  Rouen  Saxony – Meat production – Rapid weight gain – Moderate layers – Calm temperaments – Home bodies if well fed – Variable mothering ability
Silver Appleyard  Most active foragers and best layers of the Heavyweight breeds  Produce more flavored meat with less fat  200 – 270 eggs per year  Eggs white  Weighs 8 – 9 pounds
Aylesbury  35 – 125 eggs per year  Eggs white, tinted, or green  9 – 10 pounds  White skinned
Muscovy  50 – 125 eggs per year  Weight: 7 – 12  Fly and roost  Quiet breed – don’t quack  Broody  Aggressive in crowded conditions; claws.  Meat is lean; can resemble beef or ham  Living wild relatives, native to Mexico, Central & South America.