The document discusses dowel bar retrofit (DBR), a concrete pavement preservation technique that restores load transfer across joints and cracks in concrete roadways. It does this by installing dowel bars linking adjoining concrete slabs. This prevents faults and stepoffs from forming at joints and cracks, eliminating the rough ride felt when load is not properly transferred. When used with diamond grinding, DBR can return concrete roads to a smooth condition exceeding their original construction quality. The document provides details on how DBR works, its benefits like long lifespan and cost-effectiveness, and considerations for whether a road is a good candidate for the process.
Block paving is one of the most popular flexible pavement surfacing options. It is made from various materials but most commonly used are clay and concrete. Columbia Machine Engineering Pvt. Ltd. specializes in the manufacture and supply of Concrete Product solutions and Palletizing solutions.
INVESTIGATING CAUSES OF PAVEMENT DETERIORATION IN KHARTOUM STATEIAEME Publication
It is quite essential to investigate the causes of pavement deterioration in order to select the proper maintenance technique. The objective of this study was to identify factors cause deterioration of recently constructed roads in Khartoum state. A comprehensive literature concerning the factors of road deterioration, common road defects and their causes were reviewed. Three major road projects with different deterioration reasons were selected for this study. The investigation involved field survey and laboratory testing on those projects to examine the existing pavement conditions.
MANUFACTURE OF INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVING BLOCKS WITH FLY ASH AND GLASS POWDERIAEME Publication
Problems associated with construction site have been known for many years. Construction industry has to support a world of continuing population growth and economic development.
Interlocking concrete paving blocks are ideal materials on the footpaths, parking areas, gardens, etc. for easy laying, better look and finish. But now being adopted extensively in different uses where the conventional construction of pavement using hot bituminous mix or cement concrete technology is
not feasible or desirable. The rising costs of construction materials and the need to adhere to sustainability, alternative construction techniques and materials are being sought.
A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks: It is not an equivalent term to controlled-access highway, or a translation for autobahn, autoroute, etc.
In North American and Australian English, major roads such as controlled-access highways or arterial roads are often state highways (Canada: provincial highways). Other roads may be designated "county highways" in the US and Ontario. These classifications refer to the level of government (state, provincial, county) that maintains the roadway.
In British English, "highway" is primarily a legal term. Everyday use normally implies roads, while the legal use covers any route or path with a public right of access, including footpaths etc.
The term has led to several related derived terms, including highway system, highway code, highway patrol and highwayman.
The term highway exists in distinction to "waterway".
A highway pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. The pavement structure should be able to provide a surface of acceptable riding quality, adequate skid resistance, favorable light reflecting characteristics, and low noise pollution.
Block paving is one of the most popular flexible pavement surfacing options. It is made from various materials but most commonly used are clay and concrete. Columbia Machine Engineering Pvt. Ltd. specializes in the manufacture and supply of Concrete Product solutions and Palletizing solutions.
INVESTIGATING CAUSES OF PAVEMENT DETERIORATION IN KHARTOUM STATEIAEME Publication
It is quite essential to investigate the causes of pavement deterioration in order to select the proper maintenance technique. The objective of this study was to identify factors cause deterioration of recently constructed roads in Khartoum state. A comprehensive literature concerning the factors of road deterioration, common road defects and their causes were reviewed. Three major road projects with different deterioration reasons were selected for this study. The investigation involved field survey and laboratory testing on those projects to examine the existing pavement conditions.
MANUFACTURE OF INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVING BLOCKS WITH FLY ASH AND GLASS POWDERIAEME Publication
Problems associated with construction site have been known for many years. Construction industry has to support a world of continuing population growth and economic development.
Interlocking concrete paving blocks are ideal materials on the footpaths, parking areas, gardens, etc. for easy laying, better look and finish. But now being adopted extensively in different uses where the conventional construction of pavement using hot bituminous mix or cement concrete technology is
not feasible or desirable. The rising costs of construction materials and the need to adhere to sustainability, alternative construction techniques and materials are being sought.
A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks: It is not an equivalent term to controlled-access highway, or a translation for autobahn, autoroute, etc.
In North American and Australian English, major roads such as controlled-access highways or arterial roads are often state highways (Canada: provincial highways). Other roads may be designated "county highways" in the US and Ontario. These classifications refer to the level of government (state, provincial, county) that maintains the roadway.
In British English, "highway" is primarily a legal term. Everyday use normally implies roads, while the legal use covers any route or path with a public right of access, including footpaths etc.
The term has led to several related derived terms, including highway system, highway code, highway patrol and highwayman.
The term highway exists in distinction to "waterway".
A highway pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. The pavement structure should be able to provide a surface of acceptable riding quality, adequate skid resistance, favorable light reflecting characteristics, and low noise pollution.
How nanotechnology provides great solutions to road construction issueszydexindustries
Zydex also provides innovative soil stabilization and dust control solutions that make the soil bases impermeable to water and reduce the expansivity of the base, thus making it dimensionally stable. The nano acrylic co-polymer creates strong inter-particle bonds which when coupled with the water resistant nature of the base, means an immensely strong and self-strengthening base.
There are two stitching methods used to repair and strengthen longitudinal cracks or joints in concrete pavement. The first, and most common, is cross-stitching. Cross-stitching uses deformed tie bars epoxied or grouted into holes drilled at an angle through a crack or joint. The second, slot-stitching, uses deformed tie bars grouted into slots cut across a joint or crack. Each technique is beneficial for certain circumstances. Recommendations on where to use these methods are outlined in this special report.
Uncontrolled water ingress, especially water from a pavement’s surface, contributes to multiple types of pavement distress. It can lead to spalling, base or subgrade softening, dowel bar corrosion, pavement joint blow-ups and/or materials-related distress.
Diamond grinding and patching on U.S. 67 in Arkansas exemplifies how CPP can extend the life of a concrete pavement while improving its functionality. The restored pavement was smoother than it was on the day it was built—and this was all for a price less than that of a standard asphalt overlay.
It has consistently been found that slurry has no negative effect on roadside vegetation or soil; in fact, it has agricultural liming potential. If CGR slurry deposited along roadsides can be utilized as a liming agent, it can promote plant health while minimizing the costs associated with hauling slurry off-site for disposal—a win-win situation for all involved.
The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) uses longitudinal diamond grooving for safety on asphalt as well as concrete pavements. Grooving costs less than overlays, is a long-term, low-maintenance solution, and has excellent skid test results. Work can be performed year-round, even in low temperatures. There is minimal traffic disruption during construction. ODOT installed grooving at three locations.
The Next Generation Concrete Surface (NGCS) and its smooth, low noise, high friction surface is a perfect fit for the road building and maintenance challenges we see across the globe.
When Houston's Katy Freeway reopened after construction in 2009, increased vehicle speeds and transversely tined pavement surfaces created a noise level that was unacceptable to residents of surrounding villages. Funding was secured not only from TxDOT but also from the City of Houston and four villages. Transverse grooving was removed and NGCS was installed, improving noise significantly.
The Ohio DOT specifies longitudinal diamond grooving (which helps reduce hydroplaning, increases drainage at the tire/pavement interface and aids in vehicle control) on concrete bridge decks. The superior safety performance encouraged the department to use the technique on several sections of asphalt pavement.
For most concrete pavements, proactively sealing or filling transverse and longitudinal joints improves long-term pavement performance. These procedures reduce water penetration, which can lead to erosion and subsequent pavement damage, and also reduce entry into the joint of incompressibles that exert pressure on the pavement.
In the past, concrete pavements were associated with increased tire/pavement noise. In recent years, however, the Next Generation Concrete Surface (NGCS) has provided quieter travel, increased friction and improved ride. The innovative texture provides for a smoother, more uniform ride. Diamond grinding provides increased macro-texture, creating a safer road in wet weather conditions.Tests have shown a decrease in tire/pavement noise by 75%.
CPP has long been used on deteriorated highways, but it also offers an alternative to asphalt overlays when rehabilitating city streets constructed of concrete. Minneapolis’s renewed pavements are expected to last another 25 years, making the total lifespan of the concrete streets 65-70 years. With only one major preservation cycle during that timeframe, this translates into a very low annual cost for concrete city streets.
More from International Grooving & Grinding Association (11)
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Dowel Bar Retrofit: Restore Load Transfer in Concrete Pavement
1. 12573 Route 9W • West Coxsackie, NY 12192 • www.igga.net • (518) 731–7450
June 2020
Rebuilt to Last
DOWEL BAR RETROFIT (DBR) is a Concrete Pavement Preservation
(CPP) tool that restores load transfer across joints and cracks by
installing dowel bars linking the adjoining slabs. By linking slabs, the
traffic load is shared, preventing differential vertical movement of the
slabs at the joints and cracks, thereby eliminating the formation of
faults or stepoffs. It is these faults that cause the rough ride and wheel
slap that is sensed when traveling on a concrete roadway that has lost
its ability to transfer load from one panel to the next.
DBR, in conjunction with other CPP practices such as diamond
grinding, can return a concrete roadway to a structurally sound,
smooth condition that can exceed the smoothness and noise values
attained at the time of construction.
» BACKGROUND
In 1992, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT)
constructed a DBR test section to determine the appropriateness of
DBR and diamond grinding to restore the functionality of concrete
pavements by providing a smooth, structurally sound, rut-free surface.
Due to the success of the test section, the first large scale DBR
project was constructed on I-90 in 1993. Since that time, WSDOT
has rehabilitated well over 300 miles of existing concrete pavement
by employing DBR followed by diamond grinding. According to WSDOT
research, the average construction costs for DBR was approximately
16 percent less (2006 dollars) than the typical cost of a four-inch
asphalt overlay, which is the minimum recommended overlay depth
for rehabilitating a faulted concrete pavement. The success realized
by WSDOT has promoted widespread acceptance of the process and
as a result, 20 states and one Canadian province have completed
numerous successful projects.
» BENEFITS OF DBR PROJECTS:
dowel bar retrofit
DBR Restores
Concrete Roadways
to Structurally
Sound, Smooth
Conditions
LONG
LASTING
When properly constructed, DBR lasts 15 to 20
years.
ENVIRON-
MENTALLY
FRIENDLY
DBR maintains the existing surface with very little
new material required. Also, keeping the pavement
light reduces the heat island effect as these
pavements reflect more light, which in turn reduces
roadside lighting requirements.
TRAFFIC
FRIENDLY
Projects can be completed during off-peak hours
with short single lane closures.
FLEXIBLE
DBR only has to be applied to the lanes that show
distress, whereas other treatments require the entire
roadway to be treated.
EASY TO
BID
Its simple design process allows projects to be
designed and advertised in a fraction of the time
required for competitive processes.
SAFETY
Diamond grinding enhances surface friction and
safety. In Wisconsin, researchers found that the
overall wet weather accident rate for diamond ground
surfaces was only 57 percent of the rate for non-
ground surfaces.
SMOOTH
Diamond ground roadways typically have a smooth-
ness level equal to or better than original construc-
tion.
COST
EFFECTIVE
DBR is considered cost effective since it is only
applied to the faulted lane, while an asphalt overlay
would be required on all lanes and shoulders,
significantly increasing costs unnecessarily. When
utilizing the asphalt overlay option, guide rails,
overhead signs and bridges may need to be raised,
increasing overall project cost.
2. ABOUT IGGA
The International Grooving & Grinding Association (IGGA) is a non-profit trade association founded in 1972 by a group of dedicated industry
professionals committed to the development of the diamond grinding and grooving process for surfaces constructed with Portland cement
concrete and asphalt. In 1995, the IGGA joined in affiliation with the American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA) to form what is now
referred to as the Concrete Pavement Preservation Partnership (IGGA/ACPA CP3). The IGGA/ACPA CP3 now serves as the lead industry
representative and technical resource in the development and marketing of optimized pavement surfaces, concrete pavement restoration
and pavement preservation around the world.
12573 Route 9W • West Coxsackie, NY 12192 • www.igga.net • (518) 731–7450
June 2020
Before completing any work, the owner must determine that the
existing pavement has the structural integrity to warrant DBR. A good
DBR candidate is a roadway in which a majority of the pavement slabs
exhibit a sound surface and provide significant remaining load carrying
capacity. Roadways that have extensive spalling of the surface, with
special attention paid to joint and crack locations, require further
evaluation. Extensive deterioration may be an indication of larger
problems within the slab not visible from the surface. Cores should
be taken at these locations to determine the level of deterioration.
Excessive bottom-up deterioration and spalling will inhibit bonding and
may lead to premature DBR failure.
The DBR must be placed on sound concrete, which is a requirement
for a successful and long-lasting installation. Working joints or cracks
that have opened up 1 inch or more at the surface require further
investigation. Areas demonstrating this bottom-up deterioration
below the pavement surface should be considered as full-depth repair
candidates. Areas that demonstrate heavy spalling at joints and cracks
but minimal bottom-up deterioration should be repaired utilizing partial
depth repairs prior to DBR installation.
Corner cracking may be an indication of voids under the slabs. Further
testing with ground penetrating radar or other devices may be required
to determine if undersealing should be included as a part of the project.
» INSTALLATION
To begin, diamond saw blades mounted on a gang saw capable of
forming a minimum of three slots at a time are used to saw-cut the
perimeter of the slots. The slot dimensions should be based on the
length and diameter of the bar being used, allowing enough room
for the aggregate within the mix to move freely around the bar and
chairs. The most common slot width is 2 ½ inches when using a 1
½ inch diameter dowel bar. The slots should be placed on 1-foot
centers, centered over the transverse joint or crack and parallel to
the centerline with three or four slots per wheel path.
Next, the team must remove the existing concrete within dowel bar
slots utilizing light-weight jackhammers. To clean the slot, the team
will utilize sandblasting to remove saw slurry and other debris from
the slot. They then seal the existing joint or crack with a caulking
compound and place the DBR assembly (bar, cap, coreboard and
chair) into the slot centered over the joint or crack. Prior to backfilling,
all surfaces of the slot are moistened. Non-shrink patching material
is placed and consolidated into the slot and cured according to
manufacturer recommendations.
Diamond grinding is then used to provide a safe, smooth and quiet
pavement surface followed by a joint resealing operation to prevent
moisture and incompressibles from entering the repair area.
For more information on DBR and diamond grinding, as well as a
complete set of industry recommended specifications, please visit
www.igga.net.
WHERE TO CONSIDER DBR
Pavements that exhibit load transfer below 60 percent.
Joint and crack faulting between 1/8 to 3/4 inch.
Transverse cracks that are reasonably tight with minimal spalling. If
applied early, diamond grinding costs may be greatly reduced.
Pavements that were constructed as non-doweled jointed
pavements can have DBR applied to prevent future faulting as an
effective pavement preservation treatment.
WHERE NOT TO CONSIDER DBR
Pavements that demonstrate extreme deterioration at the joints
or cracks require coring and joint sounding to determine if the
pavement has the structural integrity to support the DBR process.
Pavements that exhibit severe signs of chemical deterioration
such an ASR or D cracking should be examined closely before
considering DBR.
Under-designed pavements that are cracking due to loading may
require structural enhancement through the use of an overlay.
Pavements with significant base deterioration and/or erosion should
be addressed with undersealing prior to applying the DBR process.
» THE PROCESS: INVESTIGATION