introduction of VARS,refrigrants properties,cop,practical VARS ,
Simple VARS,advantages of VARS,comparison of vars with vcrs,Refrences of VARS,Refrigration cycles,economical system,absorbent properties
The ppt contains detailed study of Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU
Aircraft refrigeration system (air cooling system)Ripuranjan Singh
Aircraft air refrigeration systems are required due to heat transfer from many external and internal heat sources (like solar radiation and avionics) which increase the cabin air temperature. With the technological developments in high-speed passenger and jet aircraft's, the air refrigeration systems are proving to be most efficient, compact and simple. Various types of aircraft air refrigeration systems used these days are.
Simple air cooling system
Simple air evaporative cooling system
Boot strap air cooling system
Boot strap air evaporative cooling system
Reduced ambient air cooling system
Regenerative air cooling system
COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY AND TURBINE EFFICIENCY.
Comparison of Various Air Cooling Systems used for Aircraft ON basis of dart
introduction of VARS,refrigrants properties,cop,practical VARS ,
Simple VARS,advantages of VARS,comparison of vars with vcrs,Refrences of VARS,Refrigration cycles,economical system,absorbent properties
The ppt contains detailed study of Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU
Aircraft refrigeration system (air cooling system)Ripuranjan Singh
Aircraft air refrigeration systems are required due to heat transfer from many external and internal heat sources (like solar radiation and avionics) which increase the cabin air temperature. With the technological developments in high-speed passenger and jet aircraft's, the air refrigeration systems are proving to be most efficient, compact and simple. Various types of aircraft air refrigeration systems used these days are.
Simple air cooling system
Simple air evaporative cooling system
Boot strap air cooling system
Boot strap air evaporative cooling system
Reduced ambient air cooling system
Regenerative air cooling system
COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY AND TURBINE EFFICIENCY.
Comparison of Various Air Cooling Systems used for Aircraft ON basis of dart
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
The presentation consists of the introduction, basic terms, and different types of ideal cycles of refrigeration,
1. Introduction to refrigeration
2. Necessity and applications
3. Unit of refrigeration and C.O.P.
4. Types of ideal cycles of refrigeration
a) Bell Coleman cycle
b) Open and dense air systems
5. Boot strap Air refrigeration system
SOLAR POWER VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMaj12345ay
USE OF SOLAR POWER IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
The power incident from the sun to the earth has very much amount of energy that the present consumption rate of all the commercial and general uses. We utilize only 0.1% of total incident sun energy on the surface of earth. Thus solar energy can fulfill our present as well as future needs of energy. That is a reason it called renewable sources of energy. It is also environmental clean source of energy and available at whole part of world where people live. Using of solar energy in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning system it become very economical.
In our project we provide solar heat in generator for heating purpose of vapor compression refrigeration system.
For past few decades, energy has played a prominent role in the development of technology and economy. Energy has now become inevitable factor for production as well. The objective of this project is to develop an environment friendly vapour absorption system. Vapour absorption system uses heat energy, instead of mechanical energy as in vapour compression system, in order to change the condition of refrigerant required for the operation of the cycle. R 717(NH3) and water are used as working fluids in this system. The basic idea of this project is derived from the solar heating panel to obtain heat energy, instead of using any conventional source of heat energy. In this project various observations are done by varying operating conditions related to heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator temperatures. The drawback of this system is that, it remains idle in the cloudy weather conditions.
COMPONENTS USED IN SOLAR POWERED AQUA-AMMONIA VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
• ABSORBER
• PUMP
• HEAT EXCHANGER
• GENERATOR
• SOLAR PANEL
• CONDENSER
• EXPANSION VALVE
• EVAPORATOR
• DC BATTERY
• FAN
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
The presentation consists of the introduction, basic terms, and different types of ideal cycles of refrigeration,
1. Introduction to refrigeration
2. Necessity and applications
3. Unit of refrigeration and C.O.P.
4. Types of ideal cycles of refrigeration
a) Bell Coleman cycle
b) Open and dense air systems
5. Boot strap Air refrigeration system
SOLAR POWER VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMaj12345ay
USE OF SOLAR POWER IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
The power incident from the sun to the earth has very much amount of energy that the present consumption rate of all the commercial and general uses. We utilize only 0.1% of total incident sun energy on the surface of earth. Thus solar energy can fulfill our present as well as future needs of energy. That is a reason it called renewable sources of energy. It is also environmental clean source of energy and available at whole part of world where people live. Using of solar energy in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning system it become very economical.
In our project we provide solar heat in generator for heating purpose of vapor compression refrigeration system.
For past few decades, energy has played a prominent role in the development of technology and economy. Energy has now become inevitable factor for production as well. The objective of this project is to develop an environment friendly vapour absorption system. Vapour absorption system uses heat energy, instead of mechanical energy as in vapour compression system, in order to change the condition of refrigerant required for the operation of the cycle. R 717(NH3) and water are used as working fluids in this system. The basic idea of this project is derived from the solar heating panel to obtain heat energy, instead of using any conventional source of heat energy. In this project various observations are done by varying operating conditions related to heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator temperatures. The drawback of this system is that, it remains idle in the cloudy weather conditions.
COMPONENTS USED IN SOLAR POWERED AQUA-AMMONIA VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
• ABSORBER
• PUMP
• HEAT EXCHANGER
• GENERATOR
• SOLAR PANEL
• CONDENSER
• EXPANSION VALVE
• EVAPORATOR
• DC BATTERY
• FAN
It will help to the students of Mechanical Engineering. These notes are according to HVAC Subject. Some important topics are here for your good understanding. These are written in easy language, u can understand easily.
Generation of Air Conditioning by using Exhaust Gases and Cooling Water of an...ijtsrd
Air conditioning system of car or buses works on principle of vapor absorption cycle of refrigeration VAR . This system reduces the fuel economy of fuel of vehicle. When vehicle moving with air conditioning, it consumes more amount of fuel than vehicle rubs without AC, typically, it consumes 15 to 20 more amount of fuel. Exhaust gases coming from engine of vehicle have temperature ranges to 300 to 400 degree centigrade at full load it carries 25 to 30 of heat supplied by fuel. For A.C. of an automobile, the heat of exhaust gases is utilized to run vapor absorption refrigeration cycle instead of vapour compression refrigeration system. Resulting, it improves fuel economy of A. C. heavy vehicle. In this project try to integrate the vapor absorption refrigeration system with car or bus or heavy vehicle engine exhaust. Comparative study has been carried out when car running with VCR and vapor absorption system of refrigeration. Dr. M. Sampath Kumar | Karthik Payam | Rajesh Medi | Srikanth Chennam | Aditya Mothukuri ""Generation of Air Conditioning by using Exhaust Gases and Cooling Water of an Automobile Engine"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23318.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23318/generation-of-air-conditioning-by-using-exhaust-gases-and-cooling-water-of-an-automobile-engine/dr-m-sampath-kumar
Refrigeration And Air Conditioning Cycle.docxrohangiri15
I am going to publish my first document todat and hope that all the readers like my document. This helps the students and teachers to study about refrigeration and air conditioning system, their componrnts and the working principle.
Thanks yo all.
Similar to Domestic Electrolux- Vapour absorption cycle (20)
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
1. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Prepared BY
Mr. Vipul Kumar Sharma
AP-MED , GLBITM
VAPOUR ABSORPTION CYCLE
DOMESTIC ELECTROLUX REFRIGERATOR
This type of refrigerator is also called “Three-fluids absorption system”. The three fluids used in this
system are ammonia, hydrogen and water.
The “ammonia” is used as a refrigerant because it possesses most of the desirable properties. Though it is
toxic, and not otherwise preferred in domestic appliances, it is very safe in this system due to absence of
any moving parts in the system and , therefore, there is the least chance of any leakage.
The “hydrogen” being the lightest gas, is used to increase the rate of evaporation (the lighter the gas, faster
is the evaporation) of the liquid ammonia passing through the evaporator. The hydrogen is also non-
corrosive and insoluble in water. This is used in the low-pressure side of the system.
The “water” is used as a solvent because it has the ability to absorb ammonia readily.
Principle and Working of Electrolux Refrigerators
Fig. Shows a schematic diagram of an Electrolux refrigerator‟. It is a domestic refrigerator and is the best known
absorption type of refrigerator. Here pump is dispensed with. The small energy supply is by means of a heater which
may be electric or gas.
Principle
The principle involved makes use of the properties of gas-vapor mixtures. If a liquid is exposed to an inert
atmosphere, it will evaporate until the atmosphere is saturated with the vapor of the liquid. This evaporation requires
heat which is taken from the surroundings in which the evaporation takes place. A cooling effect is thus produced.
The partial pressures of the refrigerant vapor (in this case ammonia) must be low in the evaporator, and higher in the
condenser. The total pressure throughout the circuit must be constant so that the only movement of the working fluid
is by convection currents. The partial pressure of ammonia is kept low in requisite parts of the circuit by
concentrating hydrogen in those parts
2. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Prepared BY
Mr. Vipul Kumar Sharma
AP-MED , GLBITM
Working
The ammonia liquid leaving the condenser enters the evaporator and evaporates into the hydrogen at the low
temperature corresponding to its low partial pressure. The mixture of ammonia and hydrogen passes to the absorber
into which is also admitted water from the separator. The water absorbs the ammonia and the hydrogen returns to
the evaporator. In the absorber the ammonia therefore passes from the ammonia circuit into water circuit as
ammonia in water solution. This strong solution passes to the generator where it is heated and the vapor given off
rises to the separator. The water with the vapor is separated out and a weak solution of ammonia is passed back to
the absorber, thus completing the water circuit. The ammonia vapor rises from the separator to the condenser where
it is condensed and then returned to the evaporator.
The actual plant includes refinements and practical modifications (which are not included here). The following
points are worth noting:
The complete cycle is carried out entirely by gravity flow of the refrigerant.
The hydrogen gas circulates only from the absorber to the evaporator and back.
With this type of machine efficiency is not important since the energy input is small.
It has not been used for industrial applications as the C.O.P. of the system is very low.
Role of Hydrogen
By the presence of hydrogen it is possible to maintain uniform total pressure throughout the system and at the same
time permit the refrigerant to evaporate at low temperature in the evaporator corresponding to its partial pressure.
Thus the condenser and evaporator pressures of the refrigerant are maintained as below:
In the condenser only ammonia is present, and the total pressure is the condensing pressure.
In the evaporator hydrogen and ammonia are present; their relative masses are adjusted such that the partial
pressure of ammonia is the required evaporator pressure.
These are achieved without the use of pumps or valves.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Electrolux Refrigerator over Conventional Refrigerators:
Advantages:
No pump or compressor is required.
No mechanical troubles, maintenance cost is low.
No lubrication problem; no wear and tear.
Completely leak proof.
Noiseless.
No chance of pressure unbalancing and no need of valves.
System may be designed to use any available source of thermal energy-process steam, exhaust from
engines or turbines, solar energy etc.
Easy control, simply by controlling heat input.
Disadvantages:
More complicated in construction and working.
C.O.P. very low.
The major disadvantages of this type of refrigerator are that if it is spoiled once, it cannot be repaired and
has to be replaced fully.