The document discusses the properties of ideal refrigerants and absorbents for absorption refrigeration systems. An ideal refrigerant should boil between 2-10°C and condense above 40°C with a large latent heat of vaporization. An ideal absorbent should have a greater affinity for the refrigerant and release minimal heat during absorption with a high boiling point and chemical stability. Commonly used combinations are ammonia-water and lithium bromide-water which are described and compared in terms of their operating pressures and temperatures.
STEAM JET COOLING SYSTEM
Steam jet cooling system is a cooling technique which involves usage of steam and water for cooling purposes. In steam jet refrigeration systems, water can be used as the refrigerant. Like air, it is perfectly safe. These systems were applied successfully to refrigeration.
•Temperatures attained using water as a refrigerant are in the range which may satisfy air conditioning, cooling, or chilling requirements.
•Mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
•This system are the utilization of mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
•Not used when temperatures below 5°C are required.
STEAM JET COOLING SYSTEM
Steam jet cooling system is a cooling technique which involves usage of steam and water for cooling purposes. In steam jet refrigeration systems, water can be used as the refrigerant. Like air, it is perfectly safe. These systems were applied successfully to refrigeration.
•Temperatures attained using water as a refrigerant are in the range which may satisfy air conditioning, cooling, or chilling requirements.
•Mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
•This system are the utilization of mostly low-grade energy and relatively small amounts of shaft work.
•Not used when temperatures below 5°C are required.
Aircraft refrigeration system (air cooling system)Ripuranjan Singh
Aircraft air refrigeration systems are required due to heat transfer from many external and internal heat sources (like solar radiation and avionics) which increase the cabin air temperature. With the technological developments in high-speed passenger and jet aircraft's, the air refrigeration systems are proving to be most efficient, compact and simple. Various types of aircraft air refrigeration systems used these days are.
Simple air cooling system
Simple air evaporative cooling system
Boot strap air cooling system
Boot strap air evaporative cooling system
Reduced ambient air cooling system
Regenerative air cooling system
COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY AND TURBINE EFFICIENCY.
Comparison of Various Air Cooling Systems used for Aircraft ON basis of dart
The ppt contains detailed study of Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU
Boilers are most important part of Chemical Industry. 99 % boilers used in Pakistan Chemical Industries are water tube boilers because of their high efficiency and safety. So we should have clear understanding about the boilers.
Aircraft refrigeration system (air cooling system)Ripuranjan Singh
Aircraft air refrigeration systems are required due to heat transfer from many external and internal heat sources (like solar radiation and avionics) which increase the cabin air temperature. With the technological developments in high-speed passenger and jet aircraft's, the air refrigeration systems are proving to be most efficient, compact and simple. Various types of aircraft air refrigeration systems used these days are.
Simple air cooling system
Simple air evaporative cooling system
Boot strap air cooling system
Boot strap air evaporative cooling system
Reduced ambient air cooling system
Regenerative air cooling system
COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY AND TURBINE EFFICIENCY.
Comparison of Various Air Cooling Systems used for Aircraft ON basis of dart
The ppt contains detailed study of Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU
Boilers are most important part of Chemical Industry. 99 % boilers used in Pakistan Chemical Industries are water tube boilers because of their high efficiency and safety. So we should have clear understanding about the boilers.
Performance Test on Mixed Refrigerant in Domestic RefrigeratorIJERA Editor
Refrigerator is a household appliance used to preserve the foods, vegetables, beverages at low temperature. Refrigerant is the blood of the refrigerator and it changes its phase to transfer heat for giving cooling effect inside the refrigerator. Generally many refrigerator works under the vapour compression cycle and it uses only one refrigerant. Each and every refrigerant used in the refrigerator must have disadvantages, to overcome this problem we use mixed refrigerant (two different refrigerants with different properties are mixed together). In this project combination of R600a (isobutane) and R134a (1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluroethane) is selected as a mixed refrigerant. R600a have some good properties like zero ODP, zero GWP and high latent heat of vapourization and R134a is non-toxic, non-flammable, non-corrosive and zero ODP.
It is the Short Description of the Vapor Absorption Cooling/ Refrigeration System.Contains Intro, Comparison of VCCS 7 VACS, Diagram, Advantages & Disadvantages & Applications of the System
Design and Fabrication of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System [Libr-H20]IJMER
Most of the energies are utilized by the industries due to depletion of fossil fuels and
increasing the fuel price to exploit the maximum presented energy from the waste heat source. The
industry which utilizes steam turbine exhaust carries a considerable amount of thermal energy. This
energy can be set in to positive use as a heat source for vapour absorption system to serves as cooling
system. This paper illustrates the thermal and fiscal advantages of using single effect lithium bromide
water absorption by means of waste heat. The objective of this work is to hypothetical design of lithium
bromide water absorption Refrigeration system using waste heat from any industry steam turbine
exhaust
Similar to Advantages and Disadvantages of VARS (20)
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. Properties of Ideal Refrigerant & Absorbent
Properties of ideal refrigerant :
• It should boil between
2˚-10 ˚C and condense at
40 ˚C or above. (pressure
around atmospheric)
• Large latent heat of vaporization.
• High critical temperature.
• Low specific heat.
• Stability in complete cycle.
Properties of ideal absorbent :
Greater affinity for
refrigerant.
Heat released during
absorption of refrigerant
should be minimum.
High boiling point.
Low specific heat.
Chemical stability.
3. Properties of Ideal Refrigerant and Absorbent
Refrigerant should have high affinity for absorber at low
temperatures & less affinity at high temperatures.
Mixture should have low specific heat and viscosity.
It should be non-corrosive.
Large difference in normal boiling points of refrigerant and
absorbent.
Commonly used combinations in air-conditioning
applications :
• Ammonia-water
• Lithium-bromide water
4. LiBr-Water vs Ammonia-Water
For LiBr-water solution
• It uses water as refrigerant(boiling point 100ºC) and Lithium-
Bromide(boiling point 1265ºC) as its absorbent
• Is used in a number of air conditioning applications. This system is useful
for applications where the temperature required is more than 32 ºF(0º).
• Water used as the refrigerant in the absorption refrigeration system
means the operating pressures in the condenser and the evaporator must
be very low
• The system can be achieved even without installing the expansion valve
in the system, since the drop in pressure occurs due to friction in the
refrigeration piping and in the spray nozzles.
• It has lesser components than ammonia-water absorption.
5. For Ammonia-Water solution(Aqua Ammonia System)
• Uses Ammonia(NH3, Boiling point -33.34ºC) as refrigerant and
Water(Boiling point ºC) as absorber
• Most commercial and industrial refrigeration applications occur at
temperatures below 32(0º) F and many are 0 F(-17.78º). As a
result, a fluid which is not subject to freezing at these
temperatures is required. So the lithium bromide/water cycle is
no longer able to achieve this conditions, because water is used
for the refrigerant.
• Have a disadvantage in acquiring extra parts compare to LiBr-
water system but does have an advantage in operating pressure
above atmospheric that avoid air leakage.
6. Comparison of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System versus
Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System
7. Vapor Compression Refrigeration System versus Vapor Absorption
Refrigeration System
Vapor
Compression
Refrigeration
Vapor
Absorption
Refrigeration
System
8. Comparison of Vapor Compression Refrigeration
System versus
Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System
9. Advantages of using Vapor – Absorption Refrigeration
System
• As there is no moving part in the entire system, the operation is essentially quite and
subjected to a very little wear.
• The load variations does not effect the performance of a vapour absorption system.
• Absorption system may be designed to use any readily available source of thermal
energy such as process steam ,hot exhaust from furnaces and solar energy, therefore
they can be used in places where electric power is hard to obtain or is very
expensive.
• In here pump is used for pumping refrigerant absorbant solution, which consumes less
power.
• Maintenance cost is low as because of absence of moving part.
• In the absorption refrigeration system no refrigerant produces the greenhouse
effect, so their use won’t be stopped in future.
10. Advantages of using Vapor – Absorption Refrigeration
System
No moving part except pump-motor, which is comparatively smaller than compressor
system.
Quiet in operation, low maintenance cost.
Can work only with thermal energy as an input.
Can be built for huge working capacities. (even for above 1000 TR)
Can be operated at designed C.O.P’s or even at part loads by varying generator
temperature.
Space and Auto. control requirements favor absorption system.
In ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system, ammonia is used as the
refrigerant, which is easily and cheaply available. In lithium bromide system, water is
used as the refrigerant, which is also available cheap.
11. Disadvantages of using Vapor - Absorption Refrigeration
System
• Set up is too large as it consists of three more equipment those are
absorber, generator ,and pump.
• Initial cost is high.
• Corrosive in nature.
• Low working pressure.
• Due to low working pressure the cop of vapour refrigeration is low, it
is about 1.1
• High heat rejection system is required, as heat is being rejected
from condenser, analyzer, rectifier and absorber.
13. References
• Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur
• Refrigeration Cycles, Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M .
Mallikarjuna
• Principles of Refrigeration by Roy J. Dossat, fourth edition, Prentice Hall
• Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Systems by CP Arora
• A Review of Absorption Refrigeration Technologies; Pongsid Srikhirin , Satha
Aphornratana, Supachart Chungpaibulpatana
• Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems – Vikan Vijayant Rana
• Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems - Akshay Mistri, Rahul Kumar, Tarun Sharma,
Zubin Rizwan