This document provides information about a vapour absorption refrigerator. It begins with welcoming the audience and introducing the presenter and presentation topic. It then defines a vapour absorption refrigerator as a refrigerator that uses heat from external sources like solar energy to power the cooling process. It discusses uses like food storage in RVs. The document continues with the history of vapour absorption refrigerators from the early 20th century to modern times. It then explains the principles and processes involved, including evaporation, absorption and regeneration phases. Specific systems like lithium bromide salt water and water spray variants are described. The document concludes by listing advantages like fewer moving parts and ability to use waste heat.
Design and Fabrication of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System [Libr-H20]IJMER
Most of the energies are utilized by the industries due to depletion of fossil fuels and
increasing the fuel price to exploit the maximum presented energy from the waste heat source. The
industry which utilizes steam turbine exhaust carries a considerable amount of thermal energy. This
energy can be set in to positive use as a heat source for vapour absorption system to serves as cooling
system. This paper illustrates the thermal and fiscal advantages of using single effect lithium bromide
water absorption by means of waste heat. The objective of this work is to hypothetical design of lithium
bromide water absorption Refrigeration system using waste heat from any industry steam turbine
exhaust
Design and Fabrication of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System [Libr-H20]IJMER
Most of the energies are utilized by the industries due to depletion of fossil fuels and
increasing the fuel price to exploit the maximum presented energy from the waste heat source. The
industry which utilizes steam turbine exhaust carries a considerable amount of thermal energy. This
energy can be set in to positive use as a heat source for vapour absorption system to serves as cooling
system. This paper illustrates the thermal and fiscal advantages of using single effect lithium bromide
water absorption by means of waste heat. The objective of this work is to hypothetical design of lithium
bromide water absorption Refrigeration system using waste heat from any industry steam turbine
exhaust
SOLAR POWER VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMaj12345ay
USE OF SOLAR POWER IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
The power incident from the sun to the earth has very much amount of energy that the present consumption rate of all the commercial and general uses. We utilize only 0.1% of total incident sun energy on the surface of earth. Thus solar energy can fulfill our present as well as future needs of energy. That is a reason it called renewable sources of energy. It is also environmental clean source of energy and available at whole part of world where people live. Using of solar energy in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning system it become very economical.
In our project we provide solar heat in generator for heating purpose of vapor compression refrigeration system.
For past few decades, energy has played a prominent role in the development of technology and economy. Energy has now become inevitable factor for production as well. The objective of this project is to develop an environment friendly vapour absorption system. Vapour absorption system uses heat energy, instead of mechanical energy as in vapour compression system, in order to change the condition of refrigerant required for the operation of the cycle. R 717(NH3) and water are used as working fluids in this system. The basic idea of this project is derived from the solar heating panel to obtain heat energy, instead of using any conventional source of heat energy. In this project various observations are done by varying operating conditions related to heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator temperatures. The drawback of this system is that, it remains idle in the cloudy weather conditions.
COMPONENTS USED IN SOLAR POWERED AQUA-AMMONIA VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
• ABSORBER
• PUMP
• HEAT EXCHANGER
• GENERATOR
• SOLAR PANEL
• CONDENSER
• EXPANSION VALVE
• EVAPORATOR
• DC BATTERY
• FAN
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ZEOLITE BASE SOLAR VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION S...Journal For Research
Solar adsorption refrigeration represents important criteria of solar energy due to excellent matching between high sun-shine and the refrigeration need. The refrigerant pair can be taken by zeolite in powder form and water as refrigerant. The experiment used different parameters like co-efficient performance, temperature different, solar collector design, cooling unit, mass flow rate, pressure difference etc. Several literatures are used to develop experimental analysis to prepare an experimental setup and their results validation. Analysis new style structure adsorbent bed had been designed ,which has some character follows: compact structure, good performance in bearing strength, high efficiency in heat & mass transfer, great packing amount of adsorbent & uniform temperature field in the bed.
EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION OF LITHIUM BROMIDE MIXTURE ON COP FOR SINGLE EFFECT L...Editor IJMTER
In this paper effect of concentration of lithium bromide mixture on Co-efficient of
performance (COP) for single effect LiBr-H2O absorption chillers is calculated. Then find out how
the cop varies with the concentration of lithium bromide. For finding cop temperature of condenser
varies and the other parameter (temperature of generator, temperature of absorber, capacity of
evaporator, temperature of evaporator temperature of absorber) remains constant. Optimal value of
COP obtained 0.65 varying temperature of condenser.
It is the Short Description of the Vapor Absorption Cooling/ Refrigeration System.Contains Intro, Comparison of VCCS 7 VACS, Diagram, Advantages & Disadvantages & Applications of the System
SOLAR POWER VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMaj12345ay
USE OF SOLAR POWER IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
The power incident from the sun to the earth has very much amount of energy that the present consumption rate of all the commercial and general uses. We utilize only 0.1% of total incident sun energy on the surface of earth. Thus solar energy can fulfill our present as well as future needs of energy. That is a reason it called renewable sources of energy. It is also environmental clean source of energy and available at whole part of world where people live. Using of solar energy in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning system it become very economical.
In our project we provide solar heat in generator for heating purpose of vapor compression refrigeration system.
For past few decades, energy has played a prominent role in the development of technology and economy. Energy has now become inevitable factor for production as well. The objective of this project is to develop an environment friendly vapour absorption system. Vapour absorption system uses heat energy, instead of mechanical energy as in vapour compression system, in order to change the condition of refrigerant required for the operation of the cycle. R 717(NH3) and water are used as working fluids in this system. The basic idea of this project is derived from the solar heating panel to obtain heat energy, instead of using any conventional source of heat energy. In this project various observations are done by varying operating conditions related to heat source, condenser, absorber and evaporator temperatures. The drawback of this system is that, it remains idle in the cloudy weather conditions.
COMPONENTS USED IN SOLAR POWERED AQUA-AMMONIA VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
• ABSORBER
• PUMP
• HEAT EXCHANGER
• GENERATOR
• SOLAR PANEL
• CONDENSER
• EXPANSION VALVE
• EVAPORATOR
• DC BATTERY
• FAN
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ZEOLITE BASE SOLAR VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION S...Journal For Research
Solar adsorption refrigeration represents important criteria of solar energy due to excellent matching between high sun-shine and the refrigeration need. The refrigerant pair can be taken by zeolite in powder form and water as refrigerant. The experiment used different parameters like co-efficient performance, temperature different, solar collector design, cooling unit, mass flow rate, pressure difference etc. Several literatures are used to develop experimental analysis to prepare an experimental setup and their results validation. Analysis new style structure adsorbent bed had been designed ,which has some character follows: compact structure, good performance in bearing strength, high efficiency in heat & mass transfer, great packing amount of adsorbent & uniform temperature field in the bed.
EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION OF LITHIUM BROMIDE MIXTURE ON COP FOR SINGLE EFFECT L...Editor IJMTER
In this paper effect of concentration of lithium bromide mixture on Co-efficient of
performance (COP) for single effect LiBr-H2O absorption chillers is calculated. Then find out how
the cop varies with the concentration of lithium bromide. For finding cop temperature of condenser
varies and the other parameter (temperature of generator, temperature of absorber, capacity of
evaporator, temperature of evaporator temperature of absorber) remains constant. Optimal value of
COP obtained 0.65 varying temperature of condenser.
It is the Short Description of the Vapor Absorption Cooling/ Refrigeration System.Contains Intro, Comparison of VCCS 7 VACS, Diagram, Advantages & Disadvantages & Applications of the System
It will help to the students of Mechanical Engineering. These notes are according to HVAC Subject. Some important topics are here for your good understanding. These are written in easy language, u can understand easily.
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion SystemsVedaNarayana4
In this presentation I'm explaining about Closed and Open cycle OTEC systems with detailed explanation and advantages and disadvantages of OTEC systems.
Generation of Air Conditioning by using Exhaust Gases and Cooling Water of an...ijtsrd
Air conditioning system of car or buses works on principle of vapor absorption cycle of refrigeration VAR . This system reduces the fuel economy of fuel of vehicle. When vehicle moving with air conditioning, it consumes more amount of fuel than vehicle rubs without AC, typically, it consumes 15 to 20 more amount of fuel. Exhaust gases coming from engine of vehicle have temperature ranges to 300 to 400 degree centigrade at full load it carries 25 to 30 of heat supplied by fuel. For A.C. of an automobile, the heat of exhaust gases is utilized to run vapor absorption refrigeration cycle instead of vapour compression refrigeration system. Resulting, it improves fuel economy of A. C. heavy vehicle. In this project try to integrate the vapor absorption refrigeration system with car or bus or heavy vehicle engine exhaust. Comparative study has been carried out when car running with VCR and vapor absorption system of refrigeration. Dr. M. Sampath Kumar | Karthik Payam | Rajesh Medi | Srikanth Chennam | Aditya Mothukuri ""Generation of Air Conditioning by using Exhaust Gases and Cooling Water of an Automobile Engine"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23318.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23318/generation-of-air-conditioning-by-using-exhaust-gases-and-cooling-water-of-an-automobile-engine/dr-m-sampath-kumar
OTEC system is based on thermal energy conversion system. In this there are open and closed ocean thermal energy conversion systems along with advantages and disadvantages
Removing undesirable heat from one item, substance, or area and transferring it to another is known as refrigeration, sometimes known as chilling. The temperature can be reduced by removing heat, which can be accomplished by the use of ice, snow, cooled water, or mechanical refrigeration.
Vapor compression refrigeration cycle, Refrigerants,
Coefficient of performance, Capacity, Factors affecting Refrigeration and Air conditioning
system performance and savings opportunities.
Vapor absorption refrigeration system: Working principle, Types and comparison with
vapor compression system, Saving potential
Refrigeration And Air Conditioning Cycle.docxrohangiri15
I am going to publish my first document todat and hope that all the readers like my document. This helps the students and teachers to study about refrigeration and air conditioning system, their componrnts and the working principle.
Thanks yo all.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
4. Vapour Absorption Refrigerator
A vapour absorption refrigerator is a refrigerator that uses a heat source
(e.g., solar energy, a fossil-fueled flame, waste heat from factories, or district
heating systems) which provides the energy needed to drive the cooling process by
using the thermodynamics of vapor heat transferation.
5. Uses
Absorption refrigerators are often used for
food storage in recreational vehicles.
The principle can also be used to air-condition buildings using the waste
heat from a gas turbine or water heater. This use is very efficient, since the
gas turbine then produces electricity, hot water, and air-conditioning.
6. History
In the early years of the twentieth century, the vapor absorption cycle using water-ammonia systems was popular and widely
used.
Nowadays, the vapor absorption cycle is used only where waste heat is available or where heat is derived from solar
collectors. Absorption refrigerators are a popular alternative to regular compressor refrigerators where electricity is unreliable,
costly, or unavailable, where noise from the compressor is problematic, or where surplus heat is available (e.g. from turbine
exhausts or industrial processes, or from solar plants).
Absorption cooling was invented by the French scientist Ferdinand Carré in 1858. The original design used water and
sulphuric acid.
In 1922 Baltzar von Platen and Carl Munters, while they were still students at the Royal Institute of
Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, enhanced the principle with a 3-fluid configuration. This "Platen-Munters" design can
operate without a pump.
Commercial production began in 1923 by the newly formed company AB Arctic, which was bought by Electrolux in 1925.
In the 1960s the absorption refrigeration saw a renaissance due to the substantial demand for refrigerators for caravans. The
company marketed refrigerators for RVs under the Dometic brand.
In 2001 Electrolux sold most of its leisure products line to the venture-capital company EQT which created Dometic as a
stand-alone company.
In 1926 Albert Einstein and his former student Leó Szilárd proposed an alternative design known as the Einstein refrigerator.
At the 2007 TED Conference, Adam Grosser presented his research of a new, very small, "intermittent absorption" vaccine
refrigeration unit for use in third world countries. The refrigerator is a small unit placed over a campfire, that can later be used
to cool 15 liters of water to just above freezing for 24 hours in a 30 degree Celsius environment.
7. Principles
Vapour absorption process use a refrigerant with a very low boiling point (less
than 0 °F (−18 °C)). When this refrigerant evaporates (boils), it takes some heat
away with it, providing the cooling effect.
The absorption cooling cycle can be described in three phases:
Evaporation: A liquid refrigerant evaporates in a low partial pressure environment, thus
extracting heat from its surroundings (e.g. the refrigerator's compartment). Due to the
low pressure, the temperature needed for evaporation is also lower.
Absorption: The now gaseous refrigerant is absorbed by another liquid (e.g. a salt
solution), reducing its partial pressure in the evaporator and allowing more refrigerant to
evaporate.
Regeneration: The refrigerant-saturated liquid is heated, causing the refrigerant to
evaporate out. This happens at a significantly higher pressure. The refrigerant is then
condensed through a heat exchanger to replenish the supply of liquid refrigerant in the
evaporator.
9. Simple salt and water system
A simple absorption refrigeration system common in large commercial
plants uses a solution of lithium bromide salt and water. Water under low
pressure is evaporated from the coils that are being chilled. The water is
absorbed by a lithium bromide/water solution. The water is driven off the
lithium bromide solution using heat.
10. Water spray absorption refrigeration
Another variant, depicted to the right, uses air, water, and a salt water
solution. The intake of warm, moist air is passed through a sprayed solution
of salt water. The spray lowers the humidity but does not significantly
change the temperature. The less humid, warm air is then passed through
an evaporative cooler, consisting of a spray of fresh water, which cools and
re-humidifies the air. Humidity is removed from the cooled air with another
spray of salt solution, providing the outlet of cool, dry air.
The salt solution is regenerated by heating it under low pressure, causing
water to evaporate. The water evaporated from the salt solution is re-
condensed, and rerouted back to the evaporative cooler.
12. Single pressure absorption refrigeration
A single-pressure absorption refrigerator uses three substances:
ammonia, hydrogen gas, and water. The system is pressurized to the point
where the ammonia is liquid (14-16atm). The cycle is closed, with all
hydrogen, water and ammonia collected and endlessly reused.
The cooling cycle starts with liquefied ammonia
entering the evaporator at room temperature. The
evaporated ammonia is mixed with hydrogen. The partial
pressure of the hydrogen gas is used to regulate the total
pressure of the ammonia (liquid) and hydrogen (gas)
solution, which in turn regulates the boiling point of the
ammonia. As the ammonia boils in the evaporator, it
requires energy to overcome the enthalpy of vaporization.
This energy is drawn from the refrigerator's interior and
provides the cooling required.
13. Three steps to
separate the gaseous
ammonia and the
hydrogen:
The ammonia (gas) and hydrogen (gas) solution flows
through a pipe from the evaporator into the absorber. In the
absorber, the solution of gas flows into a solution of ammonia
(liquid) and water (liquid). The ammonia dissolves in the
water allowing the gaseous hydrogen to collect at the top of
the absorber, while the ammonia (liquid) and water (liquid)
solution remains at the bottom.
The next step separates the ammonia and water. In the
generator, heat is applied to the solution to distill the ammonia
from the water. Some water vapor and bubbles remain mixed
with the ammonia. This water is removed in the final
separation step, by passing it through the separator, an uphill
series of twisted pipes with minor obstacles to pop the
bubbles, allowing the water vapor to condense and drain back
to the generator.
Finally, the ammonia gas enters the condenser. In this heat
exchanger, the hot ammonia gas transfers its energy to the
ambient air allowing it to condense. This provides liquid
ammonia, which flows down to be mixed with hydrogen gas,
allowing the cycle to repeat.
14. Advantages
In the vapor absorption system, the only moving part of the entire system is a pump,
which has a small motor. Thus the operation of the system is quiet and subjected to little
wear.
The vapor absorption system uses heat energy to change the condition of the refrigerant
from the evaporator. The vapor compression system uses the mechanical energy to
change the condition of the refrigerant from the evaporator.
The vapor absorption systems are usually designed to use steam, either at high pressure
or low pressure. The exhaust steam from furnace and solar energy may also be used.
Thus this system can be used where the electric power is difficult to obtain or is very
expensive.
The vapor absorption system can operate at reduced evaporator pressure and temperature
by increasing the steam pressure to the generator, with little decrease in capacity. But the
capacity of the vapor compression system drops with the lowered evaporator pressure.
15. Advantages
The load variation does not affect the performance of a vapor absorption system. The
load variations are met by controlling the quality of aqua circulated and the quantity of
steam supplied to the generator. The performance of vapor compression system at partial
load is poor.
In the vapor absorption system the liquid refrigerant leaving the evaporator has no bad
effect on the system except that of reducing the refrigerating effect. In the vapor
compression system, it is essential to superheat the refrigerant leaving the evaporator so
that no liquid may enter the compressor.
The vapor absorption system can be built in capacities well above 1000 tons of
refrigerant each, which is largest sixe for single compressor unit.
The space requirement and automatic control requirements favor the absorption system
more and more as the desired evaporator temperature drops.