DNA MICRO ARRAY TECHNIQUE
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Biplob Dey presents on DNA microarray technique. A DNA microarray is a collection of DNA spots attached to a solid surface, with each known gene occupying a particular spot. Fluorescently labeled target sequences that bind to probe sequences generate a signal, showing levels of gene activity. DNA microarrays allow samples to be labeled with fluorescent dyes and hybridized to a chip to detect complementary nucleic acid sequences through hydrogen bonding and measure gene expression patterns. There are different types of microarrays including spotted DNA arrays and oligonucleotide arrays. Applications include detecting cancer cells and studying antibiotic activity.
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Microarray
Microarrays allow researchers to study gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They work by hybridizing labeled cDNA or cRNA to probes attached to a solid surface, then detecting and quantifying the hybridized genes. The document outlines the history and development of microarray technology. It describes the key steps in a DNA microarray experiment including tissue collection, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, hybridization to the array, scanning, and data analysis. Applications include studying gene expression in health and disease, drug development, and pharmacogenomics. Advantages are the ability to study many genes at once, while limitations include expense and complexity of data analysis.
Nanopore sequencing
Nanopore sequencing is a fourth generation DNA sequencing technique that involves monitoring changes in electric current as DNA molecules pass through nanopores. There are two main types of nanopores: biological nanopores made of protein complexes like alpha-hemolysin, and solid state nanopores made in thin silicon nitride membranes. Nanopore sequencing has advantages of being label-free, producing long reads at high throughput with low material requirements, but challenges include slowing DNA translocation and reducing noise. Potential applications are in single molecule sensing for analysis of biomolecules.
Microarray technique
DNA microarray technology allows researchers to analyze gene expression patterns across thousands of genes simultaneously. It involves affixing DNA probes to a solid surface in an orderly array and then measuring which genes are expressed by the level of hybridization with fluorescently labeled cDNA or cRNA from samples. The document discusses the history and principles of microarray techniques, including types such as cDNA and oligonucleotide microarrays. It also covers applications in genomics research and analysis of microarray data.
mi RNA and siRNA
This document provides an overview of siRNA and miRNA. It defines siRNA as short interfering RNA that is 20-25 base pairs long and similar to miRNA. miRNA is defined as a non-coding RNA molecule around 21-23 nucleotides that inhibits mRNA expression. Both siRNA and miRNA operate in the RNA interference pathway by being processed by the enzyme Dicer and interfering with gene expression by degrading complementary mRNA. The document also reviews the mechanisms and significance of RNAi, including its role in protecting against viruses, maintaining genome stability, and offering a new experimental tool to repress genes specifically.
Transcriptome analysis
Transcriptome analysis is the study of the set of all RNA molecules, including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and non-coding RNAs produced in a population of cells. The transcriptome can vary between different cell types, body parts, and environmental conditions. Transcriptomics aims to catalogue all transcript species and quantify changing expression levels during development and in different conditions. The two main techniques are DNA microarrays and RNA sequencing. Microarrays involve fluorescent labeling and hybridization of samples to probe arrays, while RNA sequencing replaces hybridization with sequencing of individual cDNAs produced from target RNA.
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Is A Modern And Cost Effective Sequencing Technology Which Enables Scientists To Sequence Nucleic Acids At Much Faster Rate. In This Presentation, You Will Learn About What is NGS, Idea Behind NGS, Methodology And Protocol, Widely Adapted NGS Protocols, Applications And References For Further Study.
S1 Mapping
S1 Mapping is a laboratory method used for locating the start and end points of
transcripts and for mapping introns.
This technique is used for quantifying the amount of mRNA transcripts, it can therefore identify the level of transcription of the gene in the cell at a given time.
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay
This is technique used widely for protein separation from a mixture and is very easy and less costly method. Slides cover all essential points about EMSA and it is quite interesting to know that how it detect and separate different proteins and their mobility shift assay.
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Microarray
Microarrays allow researchers to study gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They work by hybridizing labeled cDNA or cRNA to probes attached to a solid surface, then detecting and quantifying the hybridized genes. The document outlines the history and development of microarray technology. It describes the key steps in a DNA microarray experiment including tissue collection, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, hybridization to the array, scanning, and data analysis. Applications include studying gene expression in health and disease, drug development, and pharmacogenomics. Advantages are the ability to study many genes at once, while limitations include expense and complexity of data analysis.
Nanopore sequencing
Nanopore sequencing is a fourth generation DNA sequencing technique that involves monitoring changes in electric current as DNA molecules pass through nanopores. There are two main types of nanopores: biological nanopores made of protein complexes like alpha-hemolysin, and solid state nanopores made in thin silicon nitride membranes. Nanopore sequencing has advantages of being label-free, producing long reads at high throughput with low material requirements, but challenges include slowing DNA translocation and reducing noise. Potential applications are in single molecule sensing for analysis of biomolecules.
Microarray technique
DNA microarray technology allows researchers to analyze gene expression patterns across thousands of genes simultaneously. It involves affixing DNA probes to a solid surface in an orderly array and then measuring which genes are expressed by the level of hybridization with fluorescently labeled cDNA or cRNA from samples. The document discusses the history and principles of microarray techniques, including types such as cDNA and oligonucleotide microarrays. It also covers applications in genomics research and analysis of microarray data.
mi RNA and siRNA
This document provides an overview of siRNA and miRNA. It defines siRNA as short interfering RNA that is 20-25 base pairs long and similar to miRNA. miRNA is defined as a non-coding RNA molecule around 21-23 nucleotides that inhibits mRNA expression. Both siRNA and miRNA operate in the RNA interference pathway by being processed by the enzyme Dicer and interfering with gene expression by degrading complementary mRNA. The document also reviews the mechanisms and significance of RNAi, including its role in protecting against viruses, maintaining genome stability, and offering a new experimental tool to repress genes specifically.
Transcriptome analysis
Transcriptome analysis is the study of the set of all RNA molecules, including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and non-coding RNAs produced in a population of cells. The transcriptome can vary between different cell types, body parts, and environmental conditions. Transcriptomics aims to catalogue all transcript species and quantify changing expression levels during development and in different conditions. The two main techniques are DNA microarrays and RNA sequencing. Microarrays involve fluorescent labeling and hybridization of samples to probe arrays, while RNA sequencing replaces hybridization with sequencing of individual cDNAs produced from target RNA.
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Is A Modern And Cost Effective Sequencing Technology Which Enables Scientists To Sequence Nucleic Acids At Much Faster Rate. In This Presentation, You Will Learn About What is NGS, Idea Behind NGS, Methodology And Protocol, Widely Adapted NGS Protocols, Applications And References For Further Study.
S1 Mapping
S1 Mapping is a laboratory method used for locating the start and end points of
transcripts and for mapping introns.
This technique is used for quantifying the amount of mRNA transcripts, it can therefore identify the level of transcription of the gene in the cell at a given time.
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay
This is technique used widely for protein separation from a mixture and is very easy and less costly method. Slides cover all essential points about EMSA and it is quite interesting to know that how it detect and separate different proteins and their mobility shift assay.
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Dr. Shamalamma S. presented on DNA microarrays. DNA microarrays allow thousands of genes to be compared simultaneously by attaching DNA probes to a chip which fluorescently labeled samples can bind to. The chip is then scanned to analyze gene expression levels. Applications include disease diagnosis, toxicology studies, and pharmacogenomics. While a powerful tool, microarrays have limitations such as lack of knowledge about many genes and lack of standardization.
DNA microarray
DNA microarrays allow analysis of gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They consist of DNA probes attached to a solid surface in an organized grid pattern, with each spot representing a single gene. Samples are labeled with fluorescent dyes and hybridized to the chip. Complementary sequences pair via hydrogen bonds, while non-specific sequences are washed away. The signal intensity at each spot indicates the amount of target sequence present and thus gene expression levels. DNA microarrays have applications in clinical diagnosis, drug discovery, and other fields by profiling gene expression patterns.
Transcriptome analysis
The document provides an overview of the history and techniques of transcriptome analysis. It discusses how RNA was separated from DNA with the formulation of the central dogma in 1958. Key developments include the discoveries of messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA in the 1960s. The document outlines techniques such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) that allow comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns. It provides details on the basic steps and advantages of SAGE and describes how next generation sequencing revolutionized transcriptome analysis through massive parallel sequencing.
Microarray technology and applications
This document describes the process of DNA microarray technology. It discusses:
- How DNA microarrays work by hybridizing DNA or RNA targets to probes arranged on a solid surface.
- The key steps of microarray experiments including array printing, sample preparation, hybridization, and data acquisition and analysis.
- Different types of microarrays like cDNA microarrays and high-density oligonucleotide arrays.
- Details of probe selection, target labeling, hybridization conditions, scanning, and data analysis.
The next generation sequencing platform of roche 454
454 is totally different from Solexa and Hiseq of Illumina. The disadvantage of 454 is that it is unable to accurately measure the homopolymer length. For this unavoidable reason, 454 technology will introduce insertion and deletion sequencing errors to the results.
Techniques in proteomics
Proteomics uses techniques from molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics to analyze proteins produced by genes. Mass spectrometry is commonly used in proteomics to identify proteins. Techniques like isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT) allow comparative analysis of protein expression between samples by labeling proteins with stable isotopes before mass spectrometry analysis. ICAT involves labeling cysteine-containing peptides from two samples with either light or heavy isotopic reagents, mixing the samples, then using mass spectrometry to quantify differences in protein expression between the original samples based on mass shifts between labeled peptides.
MICROARRAY
Microarray technology allows researchers to analyze the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously using DNA probes attached to a solid surface. There are two main types of microarrays: glass cDNA microarrays which involve spotting pre-fabricated cDNA fragments on glass slides; and high-density oligonucleotide arrays which involve the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotides on a chip. The key steps in a microarray experiment are sample preparation and labeling, hybridization of labeled cDNA to the probes, washing, and image analysis to quantify gene expression levels. Microarrays have numerous applications including gene expression profiling, comparative genomics, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research.
Dna footprinting
DNA footprinting is a method of investigating the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins in vitro.
DNA microarray final ppt.
1. A DNA microarray contains thousands of DNA probes attached to a solid surface in defined locations. Each probe represents a single gene.
2. Sample mRNA is converted to fluorescently labeled cDNA and hybridized to the DNA microarray. The level of fluorescence indicates the expression level of each gene.
3. After washing, the microarray is scanned and analyzed to determine changes in gene expression between control and test samples. This allows high-throughput analysis of gene expression profiles.
Genome organisation
The document discusses genome organization in eukaryotes. It describes how DNA is highly condensed and packaged within the nucleus through different levels of organization, from nucleosomes to 30nm fibers and higher-order structures. DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which further condense into 30nm fibers. These fibers compact to form loops, domains, and chromosome territories within the nucleus. The precise structures at higher levels of organization are still being elucidated. Precise packaging is necessary to condense the large eukaryotic genome while allowing access for processes like transcription and replication.
Genomics: Organization of Genome, Strategies of Genome Sequencing, Model Plan...
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Genome organisation
The document provides information about eukaryotic genome organization. It discusses that eukaryotic DNA is organized into chromosomes that are linear molecules located within the nucleus. The genome contains both coding and non-coding DNA sequences. It also describes various repetitive elements like transposons that make up a significant portion of the genome. Mobile elements can move within genomes and have contributed to genetic variation.
DNA Microarray introdution and application
DNA microarrays allow researchers to analyze gene expression levels across thousands of genes simultaneously. A DNA microarray contains many DNA probes attached to a solid surface in a regular pattern. Researchers isolate mRNA from samples, convert it to cDNA, and label the cDNA with fluorescent dyes. They then hybridize the labeled cDNA to the probes on the microarray. A scanner detects the fluorescence at each probe location, allowing researchers to compare gene expression levels between samples by the intensity and color of fluorescence. Microarrays have applications in medicine, agriculture, forensics and toxicology by enabling the comparison of gene expression in different tissues or in response to different conditions.
Dna Footprinting
DNA footprinting is a technique used to identify where proteins bind to DNA. It was developed in 1978 and works by treating DNA with enzymes or chemicals that cut DNA, except for regions bound by proteins. This leaves a "footprint" where the protein is bound and protects the DNA. There are two main types: DNase I footprinting cuts DNA randomly except where proteins are bound, while DMS footprinting modifies DNA bases except where proteins protect them from modification. The cut or modified DNA is then run on a gel to identify the protein binding site. DNA footprinting is useful for mapping transcription factor binding sites and studying protein-DNA interactions.
DNA MICROARRAY TECHNIQUES
This document discusses DNA microarrays, including:
1. DNA microarrays contain many DNA probes attached to a solid surface that allow measurement of gene expression levels or genotyping of many regions simultaneously through hybridization.
2. The core principle is hybridization - complementary nucleic acid sequences pair through hydrogen bonds, and fluorescent labeling allows detection of binding to quantify expression.
3. DNA microarrays have many applications including gene expression profiling, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research.
Long non coding rna
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. There are several types of ncRNAs that play important roles in biological processes. tRNAs help translate nucleotides into amino acids during protein synthesis. rRNA and snoRNAs are involved in ribosome and RNA structure/modification. MiRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA. LncRNAs regulate processes like chromatin structure and transcription. Mt-tRNAs specific to mitochondria are essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Mutations can cause diseases like myopathies.
Microarray technology, biochip, DNA chip
Introduction
Definition
History
Principle
Types
CDNA array
Oligonucleotide array
Microarray experiments
Microarray fabrication
Application
Microarray database
Conclusion
Reference
Histone modifications
Histones are basic proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that are responsible for DNA folding and chromatin formation. There are two main classes of histones: core histones and linker histones. Core histones include the H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 families, while linker histones include H1 and H5. Histone modification, including acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, can impact gene expression by altering the accessibility of DNA. Acetylation reduces the positive charge of histone tails, weakening their interaction with DNA and making it more accessible for transcription. Methylation and phosphorylation can also influence chromatin structure and cellular activity.
Pyrosequencing
Pyrosequencing is a sequencing by synthesis technique that uses a luciferase enzyme system to monitor DNA synthesis. It works by adding DNA polymerase and a single nucleotide to the DNA fragments, generating pyrophosphate that is converted to light. The light is detected and identifies the nucleotide incorporated. Pyrosequencing has applications in cDNA analysis, mutation detection, re-sequencing of disease genes, and identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms and typing bacteria and viruses.
Proteomics
Proteomics is the study of the proteome, which is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism. This document discusses several techniques used in proteomics including 2D gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and protein databases. It provides examples of applications such as biomarker identification for disease diagnosis and drug target discovery. Limitations include the complexity of proteomes and no single technique being adequate for complete analysis. Overall, proteomics techniques help further our understanding of protein structure, function and interactions to gain insights into biological processes and diseases.
dnambdbdndndnfnefndnicroarray-201001142025.pdf
DNA microarrays allow analysis of gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They consist of DNA probes attached to a solid surface in an organized grid pattern, with each spot representing a single gene. Samples are labeled with fluorescent dyes and hybridized to the chip. Complementary sequences pair via hydrogen bonds, while non-specific sequences are washed away. The fluorescent signal intensity at each spot indicates the amount of target sequence present and thus gene expression levels. DNA microarrays have applications in clinical diagnosis, drug discovery, and other fields of research.
Dna chips and microarrays
This document discusses DNA microarrays, which allow researchers to analyze the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. It begins with definitions and history, then describes how a microarray works by hybridizing fluorescent-labeled samples to DNA probes on a chip. Applications include drug discovery, disease diagnosis, and gene expression profiling. Advantages are high throughput and ability to study many genes, while limitations include high costs and complex data analysis. In conclusion, DNA microarrays provide a powerful tool for comparing gene expression on a genomic scale.
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Dr. Shamalamma S. presented on DNA microarrays. DNA microarrays allow thousands of genes to be compared simultaneously by attaching DNA probes to a chip which fluorescently labeled samples can bind to. The chip is then scanned to analyze gene expression levels. Applications include disease diagnosis, toxicology studies, and pharmacogenomics. While a powerful tool, microarrays have limitations such as lack of knowledge about many genes and lack of standardization.
DNA microarray
DNA microarrays allow analysis of gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They consist of DNA probes attached to a solid surface in an organized grid pattern, with each spot representing a single gene. Samples are labeled with fluorescent dyes and hybridized to the chip. Complementary sequences pair via hydrogen bonds, while non-specific sequences are washed away. The signal intensity at each spot indicates the amount of target sequence present and thus gene expression levels. DNA microarrays have applications in clinical diagnosis, drug discovery, and other fields by profiling gene expression patterns.
Transcriptome analysis
The document provides an overview of the history and techniques of transcriptome analysis. It discusses how RNA was separated from DNA with the formulation of the central dogma in 1958. Key developments include the discoveries of messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA in the 1960s. The document outlines techniques such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) that allow comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns. It provides details on the basic steps and advantages of SAGE and describes how next generation sequencing revolutionized transcriptome analysis through massive parallel sequencing.
Microarray technology and applications
This document describes the process of DNA microarray technology. It discusses:
- How DNA microarrays work by hybridizing DNA or RNA targets to probes arranged on a solid surface.
- The key steps of microarray experiments including array printing, sample preparation, hybridization, and data acquisition and analysis.
- Different types of microarrays like cDNA microarrays and high-density oligonucleotide arrays.
- Details of probe selection, target labeling, hybridization conditions, scanning, and data analysis.
The next generation sequencing platform of roche 454
454 is totally different from Solexa and Hiseq of Illumina. The disadvantage of 454 is that it is unable to accurately measure the homopolymer length. For this unavoidable reason, 454 technology will introduce insertion and deletion sequencing errors to the results.
Techniques in proteomics
Proteomics uses techniques from molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics to analyze proteins produced by genes. Mass spectrometry is commonly used in proteomics to identify proteins. Techniques like isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT) allow comparative analysis of protein expression between samples by labeling proteins with stable isotopes before mass spectrometry analysis. ICAT involves labeling cysteine-containing peptides from two samples with either light or heavy isotopic reagents, mixing the samples, then using mass spectrometry to quantify differences in protein expression between the original samples based on mass shifts between labeled peptides.
MICROARRAY
Microarray technology allows researchers to analyze the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously using DNA probes attached to a solid surface. There are two main types of microarrays: glass cDNA microarrays which involve spotting pre-fabricated cDNA fragments on glass slides; and high-density oligonucleotide arrays which involve the in situ synthesis of oligonucleotides on a chip. The key steps in a microarray experiment are sample preparation and labeling, hybridization of labeled cDNA to the probes, washing, and image analysis to quantify gene expression levels. Microarrays have numerous applications including gene expression profiling, comparative genomics, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research.
Dna footprinting
DNA footprinting is a method of investigating the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins in vitro.
DNA microarray final ppt.
1. A DNA microarray contains thousands of DNA probes attached to a solid surface in defined locations. Each probe represents a single gene.
2. Sample mRNA is converted to fluorescently labeled cDNA and hybridized to the DNA microarray. The level of fluorescence indicates the expression level of each gene.
3. After washing, the microarray is scanned and analyzed to determine changes in gene expression between control and test samples. This allows high-throughput analysis of gene expression profiles.
Genome organisation
The document discusses genome organization in eukaryotes. It describes how DNA is highly condensed and packaged within the nucleus through different levels of organization, from nucleosomes to 30nm fibers and higher-order structures. DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which further condense into 30nm fibers. These fibers compact to form loops, domains, and chromosome territories within the nucleus. The precise structures at higher levels of organization are still being elucidated. Precise packaging is necessary to condense the large eukaryotic genome while allowing access for processes like transcription and replication.
Genomics: Organization of Genome, Strategies of Genome Sequencing, Model Plan...
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Genome organisation
The document provides information about eukaryotic genome organization. It discusses that eukaryotic DNA is organized into chromosomes that are linear molecules located within the nucleus. The genome contains both coding and non-coding DNA sequences. It also describes various repetitive elements like transposons that make up a significant portion of the genome. Mobile elements can move within genomes and have contributed to genetic variation.
DNA Microarray introdution and application
DNA microarrays allow researchers to analyze gene expression levels across thousands of genes simultaneously. A DNA microarray contains many DNA probes attached to a solid surface in a regular pattern. Researchers isolate mRNA from samples, convert it to cDNA, and label the cDNA with fluorescent dyes. They then hybridize the labeled cDNA to the probes on the microarray. A scanner detects the fluorescence at each probe location, allowing researchers to compare gene expression levels between samples by the intensity and color of fluorescence. Microarrays have applications in medicine, agriculture, forensics and toxicology by enabling the comparison of gene expression in different tissues or in response to different conditions.
Dna Footprinting
DNA footprinting is a technique used to identify where proteins bind to DNA. It was developed in 1978 and works by treating DNA with enzymes or chemicals that cut DNA, except for regions bound by proteins. This leaves a "footprint" where the protein is bound and protects the DNA. There are two main types: DNase I footprinting cuts DNA randomly except where proteins are bound, while DMS footprinting modifies DNA bases except where proteins protect them from modification. The cut or modified DNA is then run on a gel to identify the protein binding site. DNA footprinting is useful for mapping transcription factor binding sites and studying protein-DNA interactions.
DNA MICROARRAY TECHNIQUES
This document discusses DNA microarrays, including:
1. DNA microarrays contain many DNA probes attached to a solid surface that allow measurement of gene expression levels or genotyping of many regions simultaneously through hybridization.
2. The core principle is hybridization - complementary nucleic acid sequences pair through hydrogen bonds, and fluorescent labeling allows detection of binding to quantify expression.
3. DNA microarrays have many applications including gene expression profiling, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicology research.
Long non coding rna
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. There are several types of ncRNAs that play important roles in biological processes. tRNAs help translate nucleotides into amino acids during protein synthesis. rRNA and snoRNAs are involved in ribosome and RNA structure/modification. MiRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA. LncRNAs regulate processes like chromatin structure and transcription. Mt-tRNAs specific to mitochondria are essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Mutations can cause diseases like myopathies.
Microarray technology, biochip, DNA chip
Introduction
Definition
History
Principle
Types
CDNA array
Oligonucleotide array
Microarray experiments
Microarray fabrication
Application
Microarray database
Conclusion
Reference
Histone modifications
Histones are basic proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that are responsible for DNA folding and chromatin formation. There are two main classes of histones: core histones and linker histones. Core histones include the H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 families, while linker histones include H1 and H5. Histone modification, including acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, can impact gene expression by altering the accessibility of DNA. Acetylation reduces the positive charge of histone tails, weakening their interaction with DNA and making it more accessible for transcription. Methylation and phosphorylation can also influence chromatin structure and cellular activity.
Pyrosequencing
Pyrosequencing is a sequencing by synthesis technique that uses a luciferase enzyme system to monitor DNA synthesis. It works by adding DNA polymerase and a single nucleotide to the DNA fragments, generating pyrophosphate that is converted to light. The light is detected and identifies the nucleotide incorporated. Pyrosequencing has applications in cDNA analysis, mutation detection, re-sequencing of disease genes, and identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms and typing bacteria and viruses.
Proteomics
Proteomics is the study of the proteome, which is the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism. This document discusses several techniques used in proteomics including 2D gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and protein databases. It provides examples of applications such as biomarker identification for disease diagnosis and drug target discovery. Limitations include the complexity of proteomes and no single technique being adequate for complete analysis. Overall, proteomics techniques help further our understanding of protein structure, function and interactions to gain insights into biological processes and diseases.
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The next generation sequencing platform of roche 454
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dnambdbdndndnfnefndnicroarray-201001142025.pdf
DNA microarrays allow analysis of gene expression across thousands of genes simultaneously. They consist of DNA probes attached to a solid surface in an organized grid pattern, with each spot representing a single gene. Samples are labeled with fluorescent dyes and hybridized to the chip. Complementary sequences pair via hydrogen bonds, while non-specific sequences are washed away. The fluorescent signal intensity at each spot indicates the amount of target sequence present and thus gene expression levels. DNA microarrays have applications in clinical diagnosis, drug discovery, and other fields of research.
Dna chips and microarrays
This document discusses DNA microarrays, which allow researchers to analyze the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. It begins with definitions and history, then describes how a microarray works by hybridizing fluorescent-labeled samples to DNA probes on a chip. Applications include drug discovery, disease diagnosis, and gene expression profiling. Advantages are high throughput and ability to study many genes, while limitations include high costs and complex data analysis. In conclusion, DNA microarrays provide a powerful tool for comparing gene expression on a genomic scale.
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The DNA microarray is a tool used to determine whether the DNA from a particular individual contains a mutation in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2. The chip consists of a small glass plate encased in plastic. Some companies manufacture microarrays using methods similar to those used to make computer microchips.
A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. Each DNA spot contains picomoles of a specific DNA sequence, known as probes.
This chapter provides an overview of DNA microarrays. Microarrays are a technology in which 1000’s of nucleic acids are bound to a surface and are used to measure the relative concentration of nucleic acid sequences in a mixture via hybridization and subsequent detection of the hybridization events. We first cover the history of microarrays and the antecedent technologies that led to their development. We then discuss the methods of manufacture of microarrays and the most common biological applications. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of the limitations of microarrays and discusses how microarrays are being rapidly replaced by DNA sequencing technologies.
DNA Microarray notes.pdf
The DNA microarray is a tool used to determine whether the DNA from a particular individual contains a mutation in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2. The chip consists of a small glass plate encased in plastic. Some companies manufacture microarrays using methods similar to those used to make computer microchips.
DNA Microarray analysis in proteomics bio informatics
DNA microarrays are solid surfaces with DNA probes attached in an organized grid pattern that allow analysis of tens of thousands of genes simultaneously. They work by hybridizing fluorescently labeled cDNA or RNA samples to complementary DNA probes on the array, then using a scanner to detect which genes are expressed based on the fluorescent signals. The two main types are cDNA microarrays which use amplified cDNA fragments as probes, and oligonucleotide arrays which use short DNA sequences as probes.
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dna microarray .pptx
Sampath Kumar presented a seminar on DNA microarrays. He discussed that DNA microarrays can detect the simultaneous expression of thousands of genes using nucleic acids immobilized on a chip. The seminar covered how DNA microarrays work including sample collection, mRNA to cDNA synthesis, cDNA tagging, hybridization, scanning, and data analysis. It also discussed the types of DNA microarrays and applications in fields like medicine, disease research, and pharmacogenomics. Limitations including cross-hybridization and technological challenges were also presented. The seminar concluded that DNA microarrays have revolutionized genetic analysis while still facing limitations, and will continue to be important with technological advances.
DNA MICROARRAY
DNA microarrays are solid supports with organized grids of DNA probes that represent genes. Each DNA spot allows comparison of thousands of genes simultaneously. Microarray technology uses DNA chip probes to bind complementary DNA in samples, studying gene expression across entire genomes. Microarrays evolved from Southern blotting and were first used for eukaryotic gene expression profiling in 1995. Microarrays exploit DNA hybridization between nucleotide sequences to screen genomic sequences. They are used for gene expression profiling, drug discovery, diagnostics, and more.
Blooting technique1
Blotting techniques such as Southern, northern, and western blotting are used to identify unique proteins and nucleic acid sequences. Southern blotting detects DNA sequences, northern blotting detects RNA, and western blotting detects proteins. The general procedure involves separating molecules by electrophoresis, transferring them to a membrane, and using probes to detect the molecule of interest through autoradiography or another detection method. DNA microarrays can also detect gene expression levels but are currently too expensive for routine use.
Dna microarray (dna chips)
This document provides an overview of DNA microarrays, also known as DNA chips. It discusses the principles and techniques used to prepare DNA microarrays, including photolithography. There are two main types of DNA chips: cDNA-based chips and oligonucleotide-based chips. DNA microarrays have various applications, including gene expression profiling, drug discovery, and diagnostics. They provide the advantage of analyzing thousands of genes simultaneously but also have disadvantages such as high costs and complex data analysis.
DNA microarray ppt
DNA microarrays allow scientists to measure gene expression levels across large numbers of genes simultaneously. A DNA microarray consists of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. There are five main steps to performing a microarray: sample preparation and labeling, hybridization, washing, image acquisition, and data analysis. Microarrays use the principle of hybridization between complementary DNA strands, where fluorescent labeled target sequences bind to probe sequences on the array, generating signals to measure expression levels. Microarrays have applications in gene expression profiling, comparative genomics, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and toxicological research.
Microarray (DNA and SNP microarray)
DNA microarrays, also known as DNA chips, allow researchers to analyze large numbers of DNA sequences simultaneously. They contain thousands of unique DNA probes immobilized on a solid surface in an organized grid pattern. Unknown DNA samples are labeled with fluorescent dyes and hybridized to the probes on the chip. The bound DNA is then detected using lasers and analyzed by a computer to determine which genes are present or expressed in the sample. There are two main types of DNA chips - cDNA-based chips containing amplified cDNA probes, and oligonucleotide-based chips containing short, synthesized DNA sequences. DNA microarrays have many applications including gene expression profiling, comparative genomics, disease diagnosis, and drug discovery.
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This document discusses DNA microarray technology. It begins with an introduction, explaining that DNA microarrays allow analysis of thousands of genes simultaneously through hybridization of fluorescently labeled DNA probes to a microarray slide. It then covers the principles of DNA microarrays, including the types (cDNA and oligonucleotide), how they are constructed with probes immobilized on a solid surface, and how hybridization allows analysis of gene expression profiles. Applications discussed include drug discovery, disease diagnostics, and functional genomics. Advantages are high-throughput analysis and ability to study many genes, while disadvantages include potential for false results from single experiments.
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DNA microarrays, also known as DNA chips or biochips, allow researchers to measure gene expression levels or genotype multiple genomic regions simultaneously. They work by hybridizing sample DNA to probes attached to a solid surface based on complementary base pairing. Researchers can now run thousands of samples at once under identical conditions using microarray technology. It has accelerated genetic research by enabling many tests to be done in parallel. Microarray data analysis involves image analysis, data processing, and statistical classification methods to organize and interpret the large datasets generated.
Seminar
This document provides an overview of DNA microarrays. It begins with a brief introduction defining DNA microarrays and their use in analyzing gene expression. Next, it discusses the history and basic aspects of microarrays, including how oligonucleotides are coupled to a surface, sample preparation and hybridization, and scanning and data analysis. Applications of microarrays like gene expression analysis and limitations are also outlined. The document concludes with references used to compile the information presented.
A comprehensive study of microarray
Molecular Biology research evolves through the development of the technologies used for carrying them out. It is not possible to research on a large number of genes using traditional methods
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DNA MICRO ARRAY TECHNIQUE
- 1. Presenting By- Biplob Dey M.Pharm (Pharmacology) 1st Semester DNA Micro Array Technique
- 2. A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA Chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Each known gene or “probe” occupies a particular “spot” on the chip, and varying levels of fluorescent activity show varying levels of gene activity in introduced genetic material . Fluorescently labeled target sequences that bind to a probe sequence generate a signal. Introduction
- 3. • The concept of DNA microarrays began in the mid 1980s. •“Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns with a complementary DNA microarray” reported by Patrick Brown, Mark Schena and colleagues in Science (1995). • Steve Fodor developed scanner for reading the output. • Mark schena was proclaimed as the “Father of Microarray Technology”. Historical Background:
- 4. The core principle behind microarrays is hybridization. Samples are labelled using fluorescent dyes. At least two samples are hybridized to chip. Complementary nucleic acid sequences get pair via hydrogen bonds. Washing off of non-specific bonding sequences .
- 6. How microarray chip is made: Two main agent- 1. Blockers 2. Masks 1.Blockers added to all boxes. 2.Addition of Masks 3.Addition of Nucleotides 4.New Mask 5.Blockers remove
- 7. Spotted DNA arrays (“cDNA arrays”) • Developed by Pat Brown (Stanford) • PCR products (or long oligos) from known genes (~100 nt) spotted on glass, plastic, or nylon support. Gene Chips: Oligonucleotide arrays (Affymetrix) • Small number of 20-25 mers/gene Ink-jet microarrays (Agilent) • Large number of 25-60mers “printed” directly on glass • Four cartridges: A, C, G, and T • Flexible, rapid, but expensive Types of Microarrays:
- 9. Application: 1. In detecting Cancer cells. 2. In Antibiotic