The termination of a pregnancy, followed by the death of the embryo or fetus: as A- spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of gestation, “ miscarriage”. B- induced expulsion of a human fetus C- expulsion of a fetus by a domestic animal often due to infection at any time before completion of pregnancy, “contagious abortion”.

1. Abortion
Under supervision of:
Dr. Hussien Sabit
Dr. Hend Abou Elazm
GROUP:
EMAN BAHER MAHMOUD
NESREEN ABDAALRAHMAN

2. Definition
 The termination of a pregnancy, followed by the death of the
embryo or fetus: as
A- spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks
of gestation, “ miscarriage”.
B- induced expulsion of a human fetus
C- expulsion of a fetus by a domestic animal often due to infection at
any time before completion of pregnancy, “contagious abortion”.

3. Types
Medical Surgical

4. Surgical
▪ surgical abortion procedure used is based on the
woman’s stage of pregnancy.
▪ Before seeking a surgical abortion procedure, you should obtain a
sonogram to determine if the pregnancy is viable (uterine, non-
ectopic pregnancy) .
 Surgical procedures:
1- Aspiration (also referred to as suction aspiration, suction curettage,
or vacuum aspiration).
2- Dilation & Evacuation (D&E). 3- Dilation and Extraction.

5. Medical
▪ a term applied to an abortion brought about by medication taken
to induce it, provides some measure of safety in that they eliminate
the risk of injury to a woman's cervix or uterus from surgical
instruments.
▪ The process of a medical abortion involves bleeding, often like a
heavy menstrual period, which must be differentiated from
hemorrhage (a serious problem).
▪ A rare and serious infection by the bacteria Clostridium sordellii
is related to medical abortions.

6. Abortion Procedures
▪ The type of abortion procedure used is determined by a woman’s stage of
pregnancy.
▪ 1- first trimester procedures:
▪ Medical abortions are only available up through 9 weeks gestation.
A- Methotrexate & Misoprostol (MTX): used up to the first 7 weeks of
pregnancy.
B- Mifepristone and Misoprostol: used up to the 7 to 9 weeks of pregnancy.
C- ManualVacuum Aspiration (MVA): used as early as 3 -12 weeks since the
last period. Considered less invasive with only a local anesthesia being used
on the cervix.

7. 2- second trimester procedures:
Medication-based abortion procedures are not an option during
the second trimester.
A- Dilation & Curettage (D & C): a surgical abortion procedure used
to terminate a pregnancy up to 16 weeks gestation.
B- Dilation & Evacuation (D & E): a surgical abortion procedure
used to terminate a pregnancy after 16 weeks gestation.
C- Induction Abortion: a rarely performed surgical procedure where
salt water, urea, or potassium chloride is injected into the amniotic
sac; prostaglandins are inserted into the vagina, and pitocin is
injected intravenously.

8. 3- third trimester procedure:
 Third trimester or late term abortions are not legal in a number of
states except in certain medical situations.
 availability of any procedure used in the third trimester is based on
the laws of that state.
A- Induction Abortion.
B- Dilation and Extraction: a surgical abortion procedure used to
terminate a pregnancy after 21 weeks of gestation.This procedure is
also known as D & X.

9. History of Abortion

10. Then and Now...
 Ancient Greece and Rome:
▪ Abortion was accepted in both ancient Rome and Greece.
 Bible times:
▪ The OldTestament has several legal passages that refer to
abortion.

11.  Western history:
▪ Through much ofWestern history abortion was not
criminal if it was carried out before 'quickening'; that is
before the fetus moved in the womb at between 18
and 20 weeks into the pregnancy.

12. England and America
 England:
▪ TheAbortion Act of 1967
▪ TheAbortion Act of 1967 revolutionized the situation in
England by allowing doctors to perform an abortion where
two other doctors agree.

13. America
▪ Laws specifically against abortion became widespread in
America in the second half of the 1800s, and by 1900
abortion was illegal everywhere in the USA, except in order
to save the life of the mother.
▪ Starting from 1973 abortion took many steps to become
fully ligal .

14. Religion view

15. Islam
▪ Islam allows abortion in two cases:
 First, abortion is forbidden in Islam if he went one hundred and
twenty days after the stability of the sperm in the womb because the
Spirit blows in the fetus after this period it differs in some
 Second, abortion is permitted in the case if it poses a threat to the
mother's life

16.  Christianity (Catholic):
Muharram at all in the Catholic abortion, regardless of the duration
of pregnancy.
 Judaism:
Made permissible in the first three months of pregnancy and then
deny.

17. Legality

18. ▪ Abortion legally permitted only to save a woman's life or
protect her physical health.
▪ Legalization of abortion can prevent the unnecessary
suffering and death of women. Restrictive abortion laws
violate women's human rights based on agreements made at
the UN InternationalConference on Population and
Development in Cairo

19. ▪ As a result the laws in the 19th century did not allow any
termination of pregnancy.
▪ Between 1950 and 1985 almost all developed countries
liberalized their abortion laws for reasons of human rights
and safety.Where abortion is still illegal this is often due to
old colonial laws

20. ▪ Abortion is allowed in most countries in order to save a
woman's life (97% of countries) , Other commonly accepted
reasons are preserving physical (67%) or mental health (63%).
▪ Abortion in the case of rape is accepted in about half of all
countries (49%).
▪ Performing abortion only on the basis of a woman's request is
allowed in 29% of all countries, including in North America and
in most European countries.

21. Group opinion
▪ There are different opinions about abortion:
The first, disagree with abortion because it is ending the life of
an innocent baby, and we don’t have the right to end any human
being life, and all religions against abortion.
The second, agree with abortion in case of one of two
conditions:
▪ if it occurs spontaneously .
▪ If it occurs to save the mother's life.
Don't abort! Its not a tissue, its a baby with a beating heart !!!

22. CONCLUSION