Anthocyanin is a pigment molecule found in apple skin that determines color based on pH level. To create a natural pH indicator, apple skins were boiled in water to extract the anthocyanin. This produced a solution that changes color based on whether a substance is acidic, basic, or neutral. Household products were then tested with the apple skin indicator to observe color changes corresponding to different pH levels on the scale.

2. Anthocyanin
•Apple (Malus Domestica) skin contains a pigment
molecule called "anthocyanin " . It is a water-soluble
pigment that may appear red, purple, or blue
according to pH. Since apple skin contains
anthocyanin that can determine the pH level of a
substance, we decided to make an acid-base
indicator out of it. By extracting apple skin, and
turning it into solution , we can test the pH of a
substance.

3. apparatus
1 POT.#
# 300 g apple skin (about 17 apple ).
500 ml distilled water.#
# 1 sieve .
# 1 knife .
# 1 container .
# weighing balance .
# ( test tubes – beaker – droper ).

4. procedure
1-slice the apple skin.

5. 2- place the apple skin on the weighing balance.
3- make sure to have 300 g of apple skin .
4- measure 500 ml of distilled water in the
beaker.
5- add 300g of apple skin and 500 ml of distilled
water into the pot .

6. 6- boil the pot over a stove for 5 minutes.

7. 7- turn off the stove and let the mixture cool to
room temperature .

8. 8- pour the solution into the container through
the sieve .

9. 9- now we have the extract 

10. 11- conduct ph test using household products .
Before

11. After

13. S u b s t a n c e s p H L e v e l C o l o r A c i d B a s
e
V i n e g a r 2 P i n k (
Orange Juice 3 P a l e R e d (
Tomato Juice 4 R e d (
M i l k 6 M a r o o n (
P u r e W a t e r 7 D a r k P u r p l e
E g g 8 L i m e G r e e n (
Soapy Wate r 1 0 D a r k G r e e n (
A m m o n i a 1 2 G r e e n (
bleach
1 3 Green to Dark Yellow (
Sodium
Hydroxide
1 4 G r e e n t o Y e l l o w (
Table 1. Classification of the Substances Used in the Tests