SlideShare a Scribd company logo
DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISM
P. Monish
IX-B
KV CRPF
DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISM
Classification
Science of arranging organisms in series of
groups and subgroups on the basis of their
similarities and dissimilarities.
Aristotle classified organisms on the basis of
their habitat means the place where they live, in
water, in air and on land.
Basic characteristics of classification
• Nature of Cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic
• Cellularity: unicellular or multicellular
• Level of organization: cellular, tissue, organ and
organ system
• Mode of nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic
Classification and Evolution
• Time is the key factor which helps in development of complex
organisms from the simple ones.
• Charles Darwin firstly gave the idea of evolution in 1859 in his
famous book ‘The Origin of Species’.
• Those organisms which have ancient body design and not changed
much are called Primitive organisms.
• Those who acquired certain special characters during the time
period are known as advanced or higher organisms.
Biodiversity
• Biodiversity is the term used for the various forms of life
found in a given area.
• These life forms depends on each other and on the
environment and results in a stable community.
• Human also is the part of this biodiversity.
• It is estimated that there is about 10,000,000 species on
this planet, we know only about 20,00,000 species.
Hierarchy of classification
• Ernst Haeckel, Robert Whittaker, Carl Woese
have tried to classify all living organisms into
broad categories.
• R. Whittaker proposed five kingdom system
which is widely used. This kingdom includes
Monera, Protista, Fungi, plantae and Animalia.
• Carl Woese divided Monera into Archaebacteria
and Eubacteria.
Further Classification
• Living organisms have been broadly classified into five main kingdoms.
• They are :-
i) Monera ii) Protista iii) Fungi iv) Plante v) Animalia
• Each kingdom has been further classified into smaller
sub - groups at various levels as :-
Kingdom
Phylum (for plants) / Division (for animals)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
• By arranging organisms on the basis of hierarchy and characteristics
into smaller and smaller groups we arrive at the basic unit of
classification called species.
Further classification
Further classification is done by naming the sub
groups at Various levels as given:
Kingdom→PhyllumDivision→Class→Order→Family
→Genus→Species
•Kingdom Monera
•Kingdom Protista
•Kingdom Fungi
•Kingdom Plantae
•Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom: Monera
• Unicellular organisms.
• Nucleus and cell organelles are
absent.
• May or may not have cell wall.
• Autotrophic or heterotrophic.
• Able of nitrogen fixation.
• Reproduce by asexual
methods.
• Bacteria, cyanobacteria and
mycoplasma
Kingdom: Protista
• Unicellular organisms.
• A well defined nucleus and cell
organelles are present.
• They may be autotrophic or
heterotrophic.
• Some of these organisms have
appendages like cilia and
flagella for movement.
• They reproduce by both sexual
and asexual methods.
• Diatoms, protozoa are few
examples
Kingdom: Fungi
• Heterotrophic eukaryotic
organisms.
• Saprophytes.
• Cell wall made of chitin.
• Some of them live in close
relationship with certain algae
and plants forming Lichens
and Mycorrhizae.
• Some of them have the ability
of being multi-cellular.
• Yeast, Mushroom and
Rhizopus
Kingdom: Plantae
• They are multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms.
• This kingdom includes all the plant species.
• They are autotrophic and prepare their own food.
• They are further classified into five major
divisions
Division: Thallophyta
• Body of the organisms is not
differentiated into organs.
• Mainly aquatic found in marine
and fresh water.
• Tissue for conduction of
material and for mechanical
strength is absent.
• They are covered by mucilage.
• Reproduce by vegetative,
asexual and sexual
reproduction.
• Algae are example of this
division.
Division: Bryophyta
• Plant body is differentiated into
leaf, root and stem like
structures.
• Special conducting tissues are
not present.
• These are known as amphibians
of plant kingdoms.
• Reproduce by vegetative,
asexual and sexual
reproduction.
• Funaria, Anthoceros and
Marchantia are few examples.
Division: Pteridophyta
• Plant body is differentiated
into leaf, stem and roots.
• They also have conductive
tissues.
• All the above discussed plant
types doesn’t bear seeds
instead they bear spores.
They are also known as
cryptograms.
• They require water for the
purpose of reproduction.
• Fern, Adiantum and
Selaginella are few examples
Division: Gymnosperms
• These plants bear naked
seeds mean seeds are not
enclosed in fruits.
• These are perennial,
evergreen trees having
woody trunk.
• They bear cones in which
seeds are placed.
• Sequoia sempervirens is the
largest tree found on earth
(125 Meters) is an example.
Other examples are Pinus,
Cycas.
Division: Angiosperms
• Bear seeds covered by
special organs known as
fruits.
• They bear flowers as their
reproductive organs.
• Embryo in seed has special
structure called cotyledons
which act as seed leaves at
the time of germination.
• They are divided into two
groups: Monocots and
Dicots.
• Wheat, Rice, Rose and
Tomato are examples of this
division.
Kingdom: Animalia
• Main characteristics of this kingdom are as follows:
• These are eukaryotic organisms of heterotrophic nature.
• These are multi-cellular organisms.
• Their cells do not bear cell walls and chloroplasts.
• They are further subdivided into following categories:
Phyllum: Porifera
• These animals bear small holes
on their body surface.
• They are aquatic and sedentary
means non motile.
• They have cellular level of body
design.
• They bear hard external
skeleton and have a canal
system for the distribution of
food and gases.
• Spongilla and Sycon are the
examples.
Phylum: Coelentrata
• They are aquatic animals and
have tissue level of body design.
• They have a body cavity called
coelom so named as
coelentrata.
• They may be solitary or colonial.
• They have special stinging cells
called cnidoblasts so also known
as Cnidaria.
• Hydra, Obelia and Physalia are
few examples.
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
• Show bilateral symmetry and
are triploblastic mean have
three germ layers.
• They are dorsoventrally
flattened so also called
flatworms.
• They are either free living or
parasitic.
• They have tissue level of body
design.
• They do not have any body
cavity
• Planarian and Liver flukes are
examples
Phylum: Nematoda
• These animals show bilateral
symmetry and are triploblastic
mean have three germ layers.
• They are cylindrical in shape.
• They have a pseudocoelom.
• They have tissue level of body
design.
• They are mainly parasitic in
nutrition.
• Ascaris and Wuchuraria are
examples.
Phylum: Annelida
• Show bilateral symmetry and
are triploblastic.
• They are cylindrical in shape and
have a true body cavity.
• Organ system level of body
design is found.
• Body is divided into small
segments called annuli so
phylum is also known as
Annelida.
• They found in both land and
water.
• Earthworm and Leech are
examples.
Phylum: Arthropoda
• These animals show bilateral
symmetry and are triploblastic
mean have three germ layers.
• They have a true body cavity
which is blood filled.
• Organ system level of body
design is found.
• Open circulatory system is
found in these animals.
• Largest group of animals.
• They have jointed legs.
• Cockroach, Housefly, Butterfly
are examples
Phylum: Mollusca
• Body cavity is highly reduced
• These animals show bilateral
symmetry and are triploblastic
mean have three germ layers.
• They also have open circulatory
system.
• They have kidney like structure
for excretion.
• A highly muscular foot is used
for movement.
• Pila and Chiton are examples
Phylum: Echinodermata
• They are spiny skin organisms.
• They are free living animals
found only in marine water.
• They are triploblastic and
have true body cavity.
• They have a tube system for
the purpose of movement.
• They show high power of
regeneration.
• Starfish and Sea urchin are
examples
Phylum: Protochordata
• These animals show
bilateral symmetry and are
triploblastic mean have
three germ layers.
• They are cylindrical in
shape and have a true body
cavity.
• They also have a notochord
at any stage of life which
provide surface for the
attachment of muscles and
to provide support.
• Amphioxus, Balanoglossus.
Phylum: Vertebrata
• They have notochord at
any stage of life.
• They have a dorsal nerve
cord.
• They are triploblastic.
• They have paired gill
pouches.
• They have true body
cavity.
• They includes classes:
Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia,
Aves and Mammalia
Class: Pisces
• They are aquatic found in fresh
and marine water.
• Skin is covered by scales or
plates and have gills for
respiration.
• Body is streamlined and has a
tail.
• They have two chambered heart
and are cold blooded.
• Skeleton is made up of either
cartilage or of bone.
• Scoliodon and Labeo rohita.
Class: Amphibia
• They are animals with
uncovered skin which help in
gas exchange.
• They have three chambers in
heart and are cold blooded.
• They are found in both water
and on land.
• They lay eggs without any
hard shell.
• Frog and Salamanders.
Class: Reptilia
• They are terrestrial as
well as aquatic.
• Skin is covered by scales.
• They are cold blooded
animals mostly having
three chambers in heart
except crocodile.
• Their eggs are covered by
a hard shell.
• They breathe through
lungs.
• Snakes tortoise.
Class : Aves
• They have four chambers in
heart and are warm blooded.
• They breathe through lungs.
• They lay eggs covered by hard
shells.
• Their body is covered by
feathers and are very good
fliers.
• They do not have teeth and
bear beak and claws.
• All the birds are examples.
Class : Mammalia
• They have four chambers in
heart and are warm blooded.
• They breathe through lungs.
• They have mammary glands for
the production of milk.
• They have hairs and nails as
well as sweat and oil glands.
• They give birth to young ones
except Platypus and Echidna.
• All the milk producing animals
including humans
Thank you

More Related Content

What's hot

The Living World
The Living WorldThe Living World
The Living Worldshivrajrath
 
Respiration in organisms
Respiration in organismsRespiration in organisms
Respiration in organisms
Abhishek Bhartee
 
Diversity in living organisms ppt
Diversity in living organisms pptDiversity in living organisms ppt
Diversity in living organisms ppt
aafiya1994
 
class 6 THE LIVING ORGANISMS — CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITATS
class 6 THE LIVING ORGANISMS — CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITATSclass 6 THE LIVING ORGANISMS — CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITATS
class 6 THE LIVING ORGANISMS — CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITATS
Shweta deveshwar
 
Respiration in organism class 7
Respiration in organism class 7Respiration in organism class 7
Respiration in organism class 7
sunithahiremath
 
sorting materials into groups class 6 ppt
sorting materials into groups class 6 pptsorting materials into groups class 6 ppt
sorting materials into groups class 6 ppt
094supreethaTSvic
 
Getting to know plants
Getting to know plants   Getting to know plants
Getting to know plants
kristina Rodrigues
 
Chapter - 9, Living Organisms And Their Surroundings, Science, Class 6
Chapter - 9, Living Organisms And Their Surroundings, Science, Class 6Chapter - 9, Living Organisms And Their Surroundings, Science, Class 6
Chapter - 9, Living Organisms And Their Surroundings, Science, Class 6
Shivam Parmar
 
Life processes
Life processesLife processes
Life processes
saraswatimedidi
 
Diversity In Living Organisms
Diversity In Living OrganismsDiversity In Living Organisms
Diversity In Living OrganismsMahesh Nagar
 
Transport systems in animals
Transport systems in animalsTransport systems in animals
Transport systems in animals
Magdaléna Kubešová
 
Weather, climate and adaptations of animals class-7
Weather, climate and adaptations of animals class-7Weather, climate and adaptations of animals class-7
Weather, climate and adaptations of animals class-7
Ravi Prakash
 
The Living World Biology Class notes for NEET preparation
The Living World Biology Class notes for NEET preparationThe Living World Biology Class notes for NEET preparation
The Living World Biology Class notes for NEET preparation
Miso Study
 
Tissue class 9
Tissue class 9Tissue class 9
Tissue class 9
monikaPAL12
 
Classification Of Living Things
Classification Of Living ThingsClassification Of Living Things
Classification Of Living ThingsNur Hestiningsih
 
TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTSTRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
SWATI CHAMOLI { SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY }
 
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFETHE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFEPaulomi Das
 
Nutrition in animals class vii
Nutrition in animals class viiNutrition in animals class vii
Nutrition in animals class viiUday Pal
 
The living world ppt
The living world  pptThe living world  ppt
The living world ppt
blessiemary
 

What's hot (20)

The Living World
The Living WorldThe Living World
The Living World
 
Respiration in organisms
Respiration in organismsRespiration in organisms
Respiration in organisms
 
Diversity in living organisms ppt
Diversity in living organisms pptDiversity in living organisms ppt
Diversity in living organisms ppt
 
class 6 THE LIVING ORGANISMS — CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITATS
class 6 THE LIVING ORGANISMS — CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITATSclass 6 THE LIVING ORGANISMS — CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITATS
class 6 THE LIVING ORGANISMS — CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITATS
 
Respiration in organism class 7
Respiration in organism class 7Respiration in organism class 7
Respiration in organism class 7
 
sorting materials into groups class 6 ppt
sorting materials into groups class 6 pptsorting materials into groups class 6 ppt
sorting materials into groups class 6 ppt
 
Getting to know plants
Getting to know plants   Getting to know plants
Getting to know plants
 
Chapter - 9, Living Organisms And Their Surroundings, Science, Class 6
Chapter - 9, Living Organisms And Their Surroundings, Science, Class 6Chapter - 9, Living Organisms And Their Surroundings, Science, Class 6
Chapter - 9, Living Organisms And Their Surroundings, Science, Class 6
 
Life processes
Life processesLife processes
Life processes
 
Diversity In Living Organisms
Diversity In Living OrganismsDiversity In Living Organisms
Diversity In Living Organisms
 
Transport systems in animals
Transport systems in animalsTransport systems in animals
Transport systems in animals
 
Weather, climate and adaptations of animals class-7
Weather, climate and adaptations of animals class-7Weather, climate and adaptations of animals class-7
Weather, climate and adaptations of animals class-7
 
The Living World Biology Class notes for NEET preparation
The Living World Biology Class notes for NEET preparationThe Living World Biology Class notes for NEET preparation
The Living World Biology Class notes for NEET preparation
 
Living organisms & their surroundings
 Living organisms & their surroundings Living organisms & their surroundings
Living organisms & their surroundings
 
Tissue class 9
Tissue class 9Tissue class 9
Tissue class 9
 
Classification Of Living Things
Classification Of Living ThingsClassification Of Living Things
Classification Of Living Things
 
TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTSTRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFETHE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
 
Nutrition in animals class vii
Nutrition in animals class viiNutrition in animals class vii
Nutrition in animals class vii
 
The living world ppt
The living world  pptThe living world  ppt
The living world ppt
 

Similar to Diversity in Living Organism

Diversity in living organisms....
Diversity in living organisms....Diversity in living organisms....
Diversity in living organisms....
Amit Sharma
 
Diversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organismsDiversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organisms
priyanshu kumar
 
Riya garg
Riya gargRiya garg
Riya garg
riya gupta
 
Diversity of living organisms
Diversity of living organismsDiversity of living organisms
Diversity of living organisms
AbhinavRajput49
 
Diversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organismsDiversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organismsArjaa Choudhury
 
Diversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organismsDiversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organisms
nishant maurya
 
Ch 7 Diversity In Living Organisms.pdf
Ch 7 Diversity In Living Organisms.pdfCh 7 Diversity In Living Organisms.pdf
Ch 7 Diversity In Living Organisms.pdf
LUXMIKANTGIRI
 
Chapter: 3 "Classification"
Chapter: 3 "Classification"Chapter: 3 "Classification"
Chapter: 3 "Classification"
ZAINAB KULSOOM
 
Kingdom classification and details classification of kingdom and phyllum
Kingdom classification and details classification of kingdom and phyllum Kingdom classification and details classification of kingdom and phyllum
Kingdom classification and details classification of kingdom and phyllum
Priyanka Dey
 
Classifying plants and animals
Classifying plants and animalsClassifying plants and animals
Classifying plants and animals
ssuser1665fe
 
Classification presentation
Classification presentationClassification presentation
Classification presentationLupuqium
 
diversity in living organisms
diversity in living organismsdiversity in living organisms
diversity in living organisms
Ankur Kushwaha
 
Diversity in Living Organisms
Diversity in Living OrganismsDiversity in Living Organisms
Diversity in Living OrganismsRishabhanand33
 
biodiversity class 9.pdf
biodiversity class 9.pdfbiodiversity class 9.pdf
biodiversity class 9.pdf
KinzaRiaz6
 
The living world
The living worldThe living world
The living world
Chethan Kumar
 
Chapter 1 the living world adaptation and classification
Chapter 1 the living world adaptation and classificationChapter 1 the living world adaptation and classification
Chapter 1 the living world adaptation and classification
Preeti Kshatriya Shah
 
Std 11 biology chapter 03 plant kingdom
Std 11 biology chapter 03 plant kingdomStd 11 biology chapter 03 plant kingdom
Std 11 biology chapter 03 plant kingdom
SANJAY SIDDHAPURA- MKS 334, UTRAN,SURAT
 
6536 diversity in_living_organisms_(1)
6536 diversity in_living_organisms_(1)6536 diversity in_living_organisms_(1)
6536 diversity in_living_organisms_(1)
somu rajesh
 
Kingdom Animalia 11th std
 Kingdom Animalia 11th std Kingdom Animalia 11th std
Kingdom Animalia 11th std
Biren Daftary
 
Animal kingdom by BNP
Animal kingdom by BNPAnimal kingdom by BNP
Animal kingdom by BNP
College of pharmaceutical sciences
 

Similar to Diversity in Living Organism (20)

Diversity in living organisms....
Diversity in living organisms....Diversity in living organisms....
Diversity in living organisms....
 
Diversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organismsDiversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organisms
 
Riya garg
Riya gargRiya garg
Riya garg
 
Diversity of living organisms
Diversity of living organismsDiversity of living organisms
Diversity of living organisms
 
Diversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organismsDiversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organisms
 
Diversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organismsDiversity in living organisms
Diversity in living organisms
 
Ch 7 Diversity In Living Organisms.pdf
Ch 7 Diversity In Living Organisms.pdfCh 7 Diversity In Living Organisms.pdf
Ch 7 Diversity In Living Organisms.pdf
 
Chapter: 3 "Classification"
Chapter: 3 "Classification"Chapter: 3 "Classification"
Chapter: 3 "Classification"
 
Kingdom classification and details classification of kingdom and phyllum
Kingdom classification and details classification of kingdom and phyllum Kingdom classification and details classification of kingdom and phyllum
Kingdom classification and details classification of kingdom and phyllum
 
Classifying plants and animals
Classifying plants and animalsClassifying plants and animals
Classifying plants and animals
 
Classification presentation
Classification presentationClassification presentation
Classification presentation
 
diversity in living organisms
diversity in living organismsdiversity in living organisms
diversity in living organisms
 
Diversity in Living Organisms
Diversity in Living OrganismsDiversity in Living Organisms
Diversity in Living Organisms
 
biodiversity class 9.pdf
biodiversity class 9.pdfbiodiversity class 9.pdf
biodiversity class 9.pdf
 
The living world
The living worldThe living world
The living world
 
Chapter 1 the living world adaptation and classification
Chapter 1 the living world adaptation and classificationChapter 1 the living world adaptation and classification
Chapter 1 the living world adaptation and classification
 
Std 11 biology chapter 03 plant kingdom
Std 11 biology chapter 03 plant kingdomStd 11 biology chapter 03 plant kingdom
Std 11 biology chapter 03 plant kingdom
 
6536 diversity in_living_organisms_(1)
6536 diversity in_living_organisms_(1)6536 diversity in_living_organisms_(1)
6536 diversity in_living_organisms_(1)
 
Kingdom Animalia 11th std
 Kingdom Animalia 11th std Kingdom Animalia 11th std
Kingdom Animalia 11th std
 
Animal kingdom by BNP
Animal kingdom by BNPAnimal kingdom by BNP
Animal kingdom by BNP
 

Recently uploaded

4. An Overview of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease in Vietnam.pdf
4. An Overview of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease in Vietnam.pdf4. An Overview of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease in Vietnam.pdf
4. An Overview of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease in Vietnam.pdf
ssuserbfdca9
 
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Ana Luísa Pinho
 
insect taxonomy importance systematics and classification
insect taxonomy importance systematics and classificationinsect taxonomy importance systematics and classification
insect taxonomy importance systematics and classification
anitaento25
 
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyNutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
Lokesh Patil
 
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Sérgio Sacani
 
PRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATION
PRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATIONPRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATION
PRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATION
ChetanK57
 
RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING
RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCINGRNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING
RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING
AADYARAJPANDEY1
 
Astronomy Update- Curiosity’s exploration of Mars _ Local Briefs _ leadertele...
Astronomy Update- Curiosity’s exploration of Mars _ Local Briefs _ leadertele...Astronomy Update- Curiosity’s exploration of Mars _ Local Briefs _ leadertele...
Astronomy Update- Curiosity’s exploration of Mars _ Local Briefs _ leadertele...
NathanBaughman3
 
platelets_clotting_biogenesis.clot retractionpptx
platelets_clotting_biogenesis.clot retractionpptxplatelets_clotting_biogenesis.clot retractionpptx
platelets_clotting_biogenesis.clot retractionpptx
muralinath2
 
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...
Sérgio Sacani
 
Orion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWS
Orion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWSOrion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWS
Orion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWS
Columbia Weather Systems
 
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Sérgio Sacani
 
GBSN- Microbiology (Lab 3) Gram Staining
GBSN- Microbiology (Lab 3) Gram StainingGBSN- Microbiology (Lab 3) Gram Staining
GBSN- Microbiology (Lab 3) Gram Staining
Areesha Ahmad
 
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebratesComparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
sachin783648
 
Hemostasis_importance& clinical significance.pptx
Hemostasis_importance& clinical significance.pptxHemostasis_importance& clinical significance.pptx
Hemostasis_importance& clinical significance.pptx
muralinath2
 
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
Sérgio Sacani
 
GBSN - Microbiology (Lab 4) Culture Media
GBSN - Microbiology (Lab 4) Culture MediaGBSN - Microbiology (Lab 4) Culture Media
GBSN - Microbiology (Lab 4) Culture Media
Areesha Ahmad
 
platelets- lifespan -Clot retraction-disorders.pptx
platelets- lifespan -Clot retraction-disorders.pptxplatelets- lifespan -Clot retraction-disorders.pptx
platelets- lifespan -Clot retraction-disorders.pptx
muralinath2
 
in vitro propagation of plants lecture note.pptx
in vitro propagation of plants lecture note.pptxin vitro propagation of plants lecture note.pptx
in vitro propagation of plants lecture note.pptx
yusufzako14
 
general properties of oerganologametal.ppt
general properties of oerganologametal.pptgeneral properties of oerganologametal.ppt
general properties of oerganologametal.ppt
IqrimaNabilatulhusni
 

Recently uploaded (20)

4. An Overview of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease in Vietnam.pdf
4. An Overview of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease in Vietnam.pdf4. An Overview of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease in Vietnam.pdf
4. An Overview of Sugarcane White Leaf Disease in Vietnam.pdf
 
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
 
insect taxonomy importance systematics and classification
insect taxonomy importance systematics and classificationinsect taxonomy importance systematics and classification
insect taxonomy importance systematics and classification
 
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyNutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
 
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
 
PRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATION
PRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATIONPRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATION
PRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATION
 
RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING
RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCINGRNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING
RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING
 
Astronomy Update- Curiosity’s exploration of Mars _ Local Briefs _ leadertele...
Astronomy Update- Curiosity’s exploration of Mars _ Local Briefs _ leadertele...Astronomy Update- Curiosity’s exploration of Mars _ Local Briefs _ leadertele...
Astronomy Update- Curiosity’s exploration of Mars _ Local Briefs _ leadertele...
 
platelets_clotting_biogenesis.clot retractionpptx
platelets_clotting_biogenesis.clot retractionpptxplatelets_clotting_biogenesis.clot retractionpptx
platelets_clotting_biogenesis.clot retractionpptx
 
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...
 
Orion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWS
Orion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWSOrion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWS
Orion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWS
 
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
 
GBSN- Microbiology (Lab 3) Gram Staining
GBSN- Microbiology (Lab 3) Gram StainingGBSN- Microbiology (Lab 3) Gram Staining
GBSN- Microbiology (Lab 3) Gram Staining
 
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebratesComparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
 
Hemostasis_importance& clinical significance.pptx
Hemostasis_importance& clinical significance.pptxHemostasis_importance& clinical significance.pptx
Hemostasis_importance& clinical significance.pptx
 
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
 
GBSN - Microbiology (Lab 4) Culture Media
GBSN - Microbiology (Lab 4) Culture MediaGBSN - Microbiology (Lab 4) Culture Media
GBSN - Microbiology (Lab 4) Culture Media
 
platelets- lifespan -Clot retraction-disorders.pptx
platelets- lifespan -Clot retraction-disorders.pptxplatelets- lifespan -Clot retraction-disorders.pptx
platelets- lifespan -Clot retraction-disorders.pptx
 
in vitro propagation of plants lecture note.pptx
in vitro propagation of plants lecture note.pptxin vitro propagation of plants lecture note.pptx
in vitro propagation of plants lecture note.pptx
 
general properties of oerganologametal.ppt
general properties of oerganologametal.pptgeneral properties of oerganologametal.ppt
general properties of oerganologametal.ppt
 

Diversity in Living Organism

  • 1. DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISM P. Monish IX-B KV CRPF DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISM
  • 2. Classification Science of arranging organisms in series of groups and subgroups on the basis of their similarities and dissimilarities. Aristotle classified organisms on the basis of their habitat means the place where they live, in water, in air and on land.
  • 3. Basic characteristics of classification • Nature of Cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic • Cellularity: unicellular or multicellular • Level of organization: cellular, tissue, organ and organ system • Mode of nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic
  • 4. Classification and Evolution • Time is the key factor which helps in development of complex organisms from the simple ones. • Charles Darwin firstly gave the idea of evolution in 1859 in his famous book ‘The Origin of Species’. • Those organisms which have ancient body design and not changed much are called Primitive organisms. • Those who acquired certain special characters during the time period are known as advanced or higher organisms.
  • 5. Biodiversity • Biodiversity is the term used for the various forms of life found in a given area. • These life forms depends on each other and on the environment and results in a stable community. • Human also is the part of this biodiversity. • It is estimated that there is about 10,000,000 species on this planet, we know only about 20,00,000 species.
  • 6. Hierarchy of classification • Ernst Haeckel, Robert Whittaker, Carl Woese have tried to classify all living organisms into broad categories. • R. Whittaker proposed five kingdom system which is widely used. This kingdom includes Monera, Protista, Fungi, plantae and Animalia. • Carl Woese divided Monera into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
  • 7. Further Classification • Living organisms have been broadly classified into five main kingdoms. • They are :- i) Monera ii) Protista iii) Fungi iv) Plante v) Animalia • Each kingdom has been further classified into smaller sub - groups at various levels as :- Kingdom Phylum (for plants) / Division (for animals) Class Order Family Genus Species • By arranging organisms on the basis of hierarchy and characteristics into smaller and smaller groups we arrive at the basic unit of classification called species.
  • 8. Further classification Further classification is done by naming the sub groups at Various levels as given: Kingdom→PhyllumDivision→Class→Order→Family →Genus→Species •Kingdom Monera •Kingdom Protista •Kingdom Fungi •Kingdom Plantae •Kingdom Animalia
  • 9. Kingdom: Monera • Unicellular organisms. • Nucleus and cell organelles are absent. • May or may not have cell wall. • Autotrophic or heterotrophic. • Able of nitrogen fixation. • Reproduce by asexual methods. • Bacteria, cyanobacteria and mycoplasma
  • 10. Kingdom: Protista • Unicellular organisms. • A well defined nucleus and cell organelles are present. • They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic. • Some of these organisms have appendages like cilia and flagella for movement. • They reproduce by both sexual and asexual methods. • Diatoms, protozoa are few examples
  • 11. Kingdom: Fungi • Heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms. • Saprophytes. • Cell wall made of chitin. • Some of them live in close relationship with certain algae and plants forming Lichens and Mycorrhizae. • Some of them have the ability of being multi-cellular. • Yeast, Mushroom and Rhizopus
  • 12. Kingdom: Plantae • They are multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms. • This kingdom includes all the plant species. • They are autotrophic and prepare their own food. • They are further classified into five major divisions
  • 13. Division: Thallophyta • Body of the organisms is not differentiated into organs. • Mainly aquatic found in marine and fresh water. • Tissue for conduction of material and for mechanical strength is absent. • They are covered by mucilage. • Reproduce by vegetative, asexual and sexual reproduction. • Algae are example of this division.
  • 14. Division: Bryophyta • Plant body is differentiated into leaf, root and stem like structures. • Special conducting tissues are not present. • These are known as amphibians of plant kingdoms. • Reproduce by vegetative, asexual and sexual reproduction. • Funaria, Anthoceros and Marchantia are few examples.
  • 15. Division: Pteridophyta • Plant body is differentiated into leaf, stem and roots. • They also have conductive tissues. • All the above discussed plant types doesn’t bear seeds instead they bear spores. They are also known as cryptograms. • They require water for the purpose of reproduction. • Fern, Adiantum and Selaginella are few examples
  • 16. Division: Gymnosperms • These plants bear naked seeds mean seeds are not enclosed in fruits. • These are perennial, evergreen trees having woody trunk. • They bear cones in which seeds are placed. • Sequoia sempervirens is the largest tree found on earth (125 Meters) is an example. Other examples are Pinus, Cycas.
  • 17. Division: Angiosperms • Bear seeds covered by special organs known as fruits. • They bear flowers as their reproductive organs. • Embryo in seed has special structure called cotyledons which act as seed leaves at the time of germination. • They are divided into two groups: Monocots and Dicots. • Wheat, Rice, Rose and Tomato are examples of this division.
  • 18. Kingdom: Animalia • Main characteristics of this kingdom are as follows: • These are eukaryotic organisms of heterotrophic nature. • These are multi-cellular organisms. • Their cells do not bear cell walls and chloroplasts. • They are further subdivided into following categories:
  • 19. Phyllum: Porifera • These animals bear small holes on their body surface. • They are aquatic and sedentary means non motile. • They have cellular level of body design. • They bear hard external skeleton and have a canal system for the distribution of food and gases. • Spongilla and Sycon are the examples.
  • 20. Phylum: Coelentrata • They are aquatic animals and have tissue level of body design. • They have a body cavity called coelom so named as coelentrata. • They may be solitary or colonial. • They have special stinging cells called cnidoblasts so also known as Cnidaria. • Hydra, Obelia and Physalia are few examples.
  • 21. Phylum: Platyhelminthes • Show bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic mean have three germ layers. • They are dorsoventrally flattened so also called flatworms. • They are either free living or parasitic. • They have tissue level of body design. • They do not have any body cavity • Planarian and Liver flukes are examples
  • 22. Phylum: Nematoda • These animals show bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic mean have three germ layers. • They are cylindrical in shape. • They have a pseudocoelom. • They have tissue level of body design. • They are mainly parasitic in nutrition. • Ascaris and Wuchuraria are examples.
  • 23. Phylum: Annelida • Show bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic. • They are cylindrical in shape and have a true body cavity. • Organ system level of body design is found. • Body is divided into small segments called annuli so phylum is also known as Annelida. • They found in both land and water. • Earthworm and Leech are examples.
  • 24. Phylum: Arthropoda • These animals show bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic mean have three germ layers. • They have a true body cavity which is blood filled. • Organ system level of body design is found. • Open circulatory system is found in these animals. • Largest group of animals. • They have jointed legs. • Cockroach, Housefly, Butterfly are examples
  • 25. Phylum: Mollusca • Body cavity is highly reduced • These animals show bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic mean have three germ layers. • They also have open circulatory system. • They have kidney like structure for excretion. • A highly muscular foot is used for movement. • Pila and Chiton are examples
  • 26. Phylum: Echinodermata • They are spiny skin organisms. • They are free living animals found only in marine water. • They are triploblastic and have true body cavity. • They have a tube system for the purpose of movement. • They show high power of regeneration. • Starfish and Sea urchin are examples
  • 27. Phylum: Protochordata • These animals show bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic mean have three germ layers. • They are cylindrical in shape and have a true body cavity. • They also have a notochord at any stage of life which provide surface for the attachment of muscles and to provide support. • Amphioxus, Balanoglossus.
  • 28. Phylum: Vertebrata • They have notochord at any stage of life. • They have a dorsal nerve cord. • They are triploblastic. • They have paired gill pouches. • They have true body cavity. • They includes classes: Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia
  • 29. Class: Pisces • They are aquatic found in fresh and marine water. • Skin is covered by scales or plates and have gills for respiration. • Body is streamlined and has a tail. • They have two chambered heart and are cold blooded. • Skeleton is made up of either cartilage or of bone. • Scoliodon and Labeo rohita.
  • 30. Class: Amphibia • They are animals with uncovered skin which help in gas exchange. • They have three chambers in heart and are cold blooded. • They are found in both water and on land. • They lay eggs without any hard shell. • Frog and Salamanders.
  • 31. Class: Reptilia • They are terrestrial as well as aquatic. • Skin is covered by scales. • They are cold blooded animals mostly having three chambers in heart except crocodile. • Their eggs are covered by a hard shell. • They breathe through lungs. • Snakes tortoise.
  • 32. Class : Aves • They have four chambers in heart and are warm blooded. • They breathe through lungs. • They lay eggs covered by hard shells. • Their body is covered by feathers and are very good fliers. • They do not have teeth and bear beak and claws. • All the birds are examples.
  • 33. Class : Mammalia • They have four chambers in heart and are warm blooded. • They breathe through lungs. • They have mammary glands for the production of milk. • They have hairs and nails as well as sweat and oil glands. • They give birth to young ones except Platypus and Echidna. • All the milk producing animals including humans