Diseases of esophagus stomach,duodenum
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This document summarizes diseases of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It describes the structure and functions of the esophagus, including that it connects the throat to the stomach and contains two sphincters. Diseases that can affect the esophagus include inflammation, cancer, Barrett's esophagus, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The document also briefly outlines common diseases of the stomach and duodenum, such as ulcers and gastritis.
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This document provides an overview of the esophagus, including its anatomy, physiology, common diseases, and diagnostic testing. Key points include:
- The esophagus connects the pharynx to the stomach and propels food through peristaltic contractions. It has three sections - cervical, thoracic, abdominal.
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The document provides an overview of the anatomy, physiology, and pathologies of the small intestine. It discusses the following key points:
- The small intestine is responsible for digestion and absorption. It starts at the pylorus and ends at the ileocecal valve, measuring around 7 meters long.
- Common pathologies include small bowel obstruction, which can be diagnosed using imaging like CT scans, and ileus, which results in impaired motility.
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This document provides an overview of esophageal disorders, including the anatomy and functions of the esophagus. It describes several pathologies that can affect the esophagus, including dysphagia, esophageal motility disorders (achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm), esophageal infection/inflammation (GERD, hiatal hernia, infectious esophagitis), Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal tumors. For each pathology, it discusses characteristics, causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. The document provides detailed information on the anatomy, innervation, blood supply, and drainage of the esophagus to provide context for understanding these pathologies.
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Gastric outlet obstruction is a complication of chronic peptic ulcer disease where the stomach fails to empty normally due to scarring or swelling at the pylorus. It presents with vomiting, weight loss, and abdominal swelling. Treatment involves resuscitation followed by either non-operative measures like lavage and dilation or surgery to relieve the obstruction through procedures like vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. The goals are to restore gastric emptying, prevent recurrence, and manage complications.
Au med
The esophagus connects the hypopharynx to the stomach and functions to transport food and fluid. Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when stomach contents reflux into the esophagus. This can be caused by increased stomach pressure or decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone. Chronic reflux can lead to esophagitis and complications like strictures or Barrett's esophagus. Diagnostic tests include endoscopy, pH monitoring, and manometry. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications and medications to reduce acid production like PPIs.
Esophageal motility disorder.pdf
This document discusses the anatomy, physiology, and motility disorders of the esophagus. It begins by describing the anatomy of the esophagus, including its layers, blood supply, drainage, and normal narrowings. It then discusses the physiology of swallowing and peristalsis. Several esophageal motility disorders are described, including achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, and scleroderma-related disorders. Diagnosis involves history, imaging like barium swallows, and manometry studies. Treatment aims to relieve obstruction and includes medications, botulinum toxin injections, dilation, and surgery. Barrett's esophagus, a complication of longstanding reflux, is also summarized.
regurgitation
1. GERD is a common cause of regurgitation where the lower esophageal sphincter does not close properly, allowing stomach acid to back up into the esophagus.
2. Ingestion of caustic substances like strong acids or alkalis can burn the tissues of the upper GI tract and sometimes cause perforations, leading to symptoms like regurgitation.
3. Cancers of the esophagus such as adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma can cause regurgitation by blocking the esophagus. Barrett's esophagus is a precancerous condition caused by acid reflux.
Abdominal xray - imaging and interpretation
everythng about abdominal radiograph is discussed from views to obstruction to foreign body.
definetly u r not going to get bored
read and share with your peers.
Dysphagia โ non malignant causes
This document discusses non-malignant causes of dysphagia. It begins with anatomy of the oropharynx and esophagus, followed by causes of oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia including neurological, muscular, motility and structural issues. Specific motility disorders like achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm and ineffective esophageal motility are explained. Other esophageal pathologies discussed include strictures, rings, webs, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, diverticula and infectious esophagitis. Investigations and management of various conditions causing non-malignant dysphagia are summarized.
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM.pdf
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal system and its accessory organs like the liver and pancreas. It also covers techniques for physical examination of the abdomen and diagnostic tests for disorders of the GI tract, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The objective is to learn the structures, functions, age effects, examination methods and diagnostics for GI and related organ diseases.
DYSPHAGIA.pptx
This document discusses dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing. It begins by defining dysphagia and describing the normal physiology of swallowing in three stages. It then discusses the various types, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, complications and management approaches for dysphagia. Management may include dietary changes, swallowing exercises and techniques, botulinum toxin injections, dilation procedures, or surgeries like myotomy. Nurses play an important role in educating patients and monitoring for signs of aspiration during meals.
Achalasia Cardia
This document summarizes Achalasia Cardia, a rare disorder where the esophagus has difficulty emptying into the stomach. It discusses that achalasia occurs when nerves in the esophagus become damaged, preventing the lower esophageal sphincter from relaxing properly. Common symptoms include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves tests like barium swallow and manometry. Treatment options range from medications to relax muscles, balloon dilation of the sphincter, or as a last resort, surgical removal of the esophagus.
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Diseases of esophagus stomach,duodenum
- 2. ESOPHAGUS ๏ The esophagus or oesophagus commonly known as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes. ๏ The esophagus is a fibromuscular tube, about 25 centimetres long in adults, which travels behind the trachea and heart, passes through the diaphragm and empties into the uppermost region of the stomach.
- 3. STRUCTURE ๏ The esophagus is one of the upper parts of the digestive system. There are taste buds on its upper part. ๏ In humans, the esophagus generally starts around the level of the sixth cervical vertebra behind the cricoid cartilage of the trachea, enters the diaphragm at about the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra, and ends at the cardia of the stomach, at the level of the eleventh thoracic vertebra.
- 4. SPHINCTERS ๏ The esophagus is surrounded at the top and bottom by two muscular rings, known respectively as the upper esophageal sphincter, and the lower esophageal sphincter. ๏ The upper esophageal sphincter is not under voluntary control. ๏ Opening of the upper esophageal sphincter is triggered by the swallowing reflex.
- 5. ๏ The lower esophageal sphincter or gastroesophageal sphincter surrounds the lower part of the esophagus at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach. ๏ It is also called the cardiac sphincter or cardioesophageal sphincter.
- 6. FUNCTIONS ๏ Swallowing ๏ Reducing gastric refulx The stomach produces gastric acid, a strongly acidic mixture consisting of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and potassium and sodium salts to enable food digestion.
- 7. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE ๏ Inflammation ๏ Cancer ๏ Barrett's esophagus ๏ Varices ๏ Motility disorders ๏ malformation
- 8. ๏ GERD(gastro esophageal reflux disease) also known as acid reflux, is a long-term condition where stomach contents come back up into the esophagus resulting in either symptoms or complications.
- 9. ICD-10-CM GUIDELINES ๏ Esophagitis-K20 ๏ Gastro esophageal reflux disease-K21 ๏ Other diseases of esophagus-K22 ๏ Disorders of esophagus diseases classified elsewhere- K23 ๏ Gastric ulcer-K25
- 10. ๏ Duodenal ulcer-K26 ๏ Peptic ulcer,site unspecified-K27 ๏ Gastrojejunal ulcer-K28 ๏ Gastritis and duodenitis-K29 ๏ Functional dyspepsia-K30 ๏ Other diseases of stomach and duodenum-K31 ๏ https://www.medesunglobal.com
- 11. THANK YOU