The document discusses chickenpox (varicella), a highly infectious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is usually characterized by a vesicular skin rash that becomes itchy and forms scabs. Chickenpox spreads easily through the air via coughing/sneezing or direct contact with fluid from blisters. Symptoms include a rash that starts on the face/scalp and spreads to the torso and extremities. A vaccine was developed in 1974 and is part of routine childhood immunization schedules in some countries.

2. Some Of The Sub - Headings Of The PPT Presentation : Type Of Disease :
___ Acute
___ Chronic…
OR
___Infectious
___Non-Infectious…
 Causes Of Diseases.
 Means Of Spread.
 Symptoms.
 Preventions and Controls.
 Some Diagrams…

3. Chickenpox (or chicken pox) is a
highly Infectious disease caused by
primary infection with varicella zoster
virus (VZV).It usually starts with
vesicular skin rash mainly on the body and head
rather than at the periphery and becomes itchy,
raw pockmarks, which mostly heal without
scarring. On examination, the observer typically
finds skin lesions at various stages of healing and
also ulcers in the oral cavity and tonsil areas.

4. The Chicken Pox can spread easily. You can get it from an
infected person who sneezes, coughs, or shares food or drinks. You
can also get it if you touch the fluid from a chickenpox blister.
A person who has chickenpox can spread the virus even before he
or she has any symptoms. Chickenpox is most easily spread from 2
to 3 days before the rash appears until all the blisters have crusted
over.
You are at risk for chickenpox if you have never had the illness
and have not had the chickenpox vaccine. If someone you live
with gets chickenpox, your risk is even higher because of the close
contact.

5. The early (prodromal) symptoms in adolescents and adults are
nausea, loss of appetite, aching muscles, and headache. This is
followed by the characteristic rash and/or oral sores, malaise, and a
low-grade fever that signal the presence of the disease. Oral
manifestations of the disease (enanthem) not uncommonly may
precede the external rash (exanthem). The rash begins as small red
dots on the face, scalp, torso and upper arms and legs; progressing
over 10–12 hours to small bumps, blisters and pustules; followed
by umbilication and the formation of scabs. Commonly, visible evidence
of the disease develops in the oral cavity & tonsil areas in the form of
small ulcers which can be painful or itchy or both; this exanthema
(internal rash) can precede the exanthema (external rash) by 1 to 3
days or can be concurrent. These symptoms of chickenpox appear 10 to
21 days after exposure to a contagious person. Adults may have a more
widespread rash and longer fever, and they are more likely to
experience complications, such as varicella pneumonia.

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7. A varicella vaccine was first developed by Michiaki Takahashi in 1974
derived from the Oka strain. It has been available in the US since 1995 to
inoculate against the disease. Some countries require the varicella
vaccination or an exemption before entering elementary school. Protection
from one dose is not lifelong and a second dose is necessary five years
after the initial immunization, which is currently part of the routine
immunization schedule in the US.The chickenpox vaccine is not part of the
routine childhood vaccination schedule in the UK. In the UK, the vaccine
is currently only offered to people who are particularly vulnerable to
chickenpox. A vaccinated person is likely to have a milder case of
chickenpox if infected.

8. acyclovir
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antiviral medication
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Aspirin
Reye's syndrome

9. Asthma is a common Chronic inflammatory disease of
the Airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms,
reversible Airflow Obstruction and Bronchospasm. People who
suffer from this chronic condition (long-lasting or recurrent) are
said to be asthmatic.
The inside walls of an asthmatic's airways are swollen or
inflamed. This swelling or inflammation makes the airways
extremely sensitive to irritations and increases your susceptibility to
an allergic reaction.

10. There are four types of causes of
this dis-ease, they are : Environmental
 Genetic
 Hygienic hypothesis
 Exacerbation.

11. Environmental :-
Many environmental factors have been associated with asthma's
development and exacerbation including allergens, air pollution, and
other environmental chemicals. Smoking during pregnancy and after
delivery is associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms.
Low air quality from factors such as traffic pollution or high ozone levels,
has been associated with both asthma development and increased
asthma severity. Exposure to indoor volatile organic compounds may be a
trigger for asthma; formaldehyde exposure, for example, has a positive
association. Also, phthalates in PVC are associated with asthma in
children and adults.
Asthma is associated with exposure to indoor allergens. Common indoor
allergens include: dust mites, cockroaches, animal dander, and mold.
Efforts to decrease dust mites have been found to be ineffective. Certain
viral respiratory infections, such as respiratory syncytial
virus and rhinovirus, may increase the risk of developing asthma when
acquired as young children. Certain other infections, however, may
decrease the risk.

12. The hygiene hypothesis attempts to explain the increased rates of asthma
worldwide as a direct and unintended result of reduced exposure, during
childhood, to non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses. It has been proposed
that the reduced exposure to bacteria and viruses is due, in part, to
increased cleanliness and decreased family size in modern societies.
Exposure to bacterial endotoxin in early childhood may prevent the
development of asthma, but exposure at an older age may provoke
bronchoconstriction. Evidence supporting the hygiene hypothesis includes
lower rates of asthma on farms and in households with pets.
Use of antibiotics in early life has been linked to the development of
asthma. Also, delivery via caesarean section is associated with an
increased risk (estimated at 20–80%) of asthma—this increased risk is
attributed to the lack of healthy bacterial colonization that the newborn
would have acquired from passage through the birth canal. There is a link
between asthma and the degree of affluence.

13. GSTM1 IL10 CTLA-4 SPINK5 LTC4S IL4R
ADAM33
genes
genetic association
CD14
specific single nucleotide polymorphism
endotoxin

14. Exacerbation
Some individuals will have stable asthma for weeks or months
and then suddenly develop an episode of acute asthma. Different
individuals react differently to various factors. Most individuals
can develop severe exacerbation from a number of triggering
agents.
Home factors that can lead to exacerbation of asthma
include dust, animal dander (especially cat and dog
hair), cockroach allergens and mold. Perfumes are a common
cause of acute attacks in women and children. Both viral and
bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract can worsen the
disease. Psychological stress may worsen symptoms—it is
thought that stress alters the immune system and thus increases
the airway inflammatory response to allergens and irritants.

16. The evidence for the effectiveness of measures to prevent the development of
asthma is weak. Some show promise including: limiting smoke exposure both in
utero and after delivery, breastfeeding, and increased exposure to daycare or large
families but none are well supported enough to be recommended for this
indication. Early pet exposure may be useful. Results from exposure to pets at
other times are inconclusive and it is only recommended that pets be removed from
the home if a person has allergic symptoms to said pet. Dietary restrictions during
pregnancy or when breast feeding have not been found to be effective and thus are
not recommended. Reducing or eliminating compounds known to sensitive people
from the work place may be effective. It is not clear if annual influenza
vaccinations effects the risk of exacerbations. Immunization; however, is
recommended by the World Health Organization {WHO}.