This document discusses health and disease. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, while being disease-free means an absence of discomfort but does not necessarily mean being healthy. Infectious diseases spread between people, while non-infectious diseases do not. Diseases can be acute and short-term or chronic and long-lasting. They are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Treatment aims to reduce the effects of disease and kill the cause, while prevention utilizes principles like avoiding risks and adapting work environments.

1. WHY DO WE FALL ILL
BY MANASA.R
9th M2

2. Health And Its Failure - Significance Of Health
Health is one of the most
crucial aspects for the well-
being of man. Technically,
being healthy is a state in
which one is fit and devoid of
any physical and mental
illness.
Listed below are a few of the
reasons why health is
important:
The health of an organism is
directly influenced by its
environment. Thus, it
becomes very important to be
living in a healthy and
pollution-free environment.
Food forms the basis for
carrying out the basic
functions of our body, hence
it becomes necessary to eat
the right kind of food to stay
in fine fettle.
Cleanliness needs to be one’s
priority both of oneself and
surroundings. Care needs to
be taken to maintain proper
sewage and garbage
treatment, as it can lead to
various diseases.
Being happy to lead a
normal life is equally
important these days.
Depression causes severe
morbidity and impedes a
person to lead a normal life.

3. Difference Between Healthy and
Disease Free
Healthy Disease Free
A state of complete physical, mental and social
well being
State of the absence of discomfort in any part of
the body
It depends upon the individual as well as on
social and environmental factors
It depends on the individual only
A healthy person will be disease-free A disease-free person may or may not be healthy
A healthy person is energetic and is able to
perform as per the requirement
The performance of a disease-free person
depends upon the environment and personal
attitude

4. What does disease look like ?
• When a person is affected by a disease either the normal
functioning or the appearance of one or more systems of the
body changes for the worse. These changes give rise to signs of
the disease called symptoms.
• On the basis of the symptoms the physicians look for the signs
of a particular disease and conduct tests to confirm the
disease.

5. Types of diseases
Diseases are of different types.They are :-
i) Acute diseases :-
▪ Acute diseases are diseases which last only for a short
period of time and does not have long term effect on health.
▪ Eg:- cold, cough, typhoid, cholera etc.
ii) Chronic disease :-
▪ Chronic diseaseare diseases which lasts for a long time and
has long term drastic effect on health.
▪ Eg :- diabetes, tuberculosis, elephantiasis, arthritis, cancer
etc.

6. Types of diseases continues
iii) Infectious diseases (Communicable diseases) :-
• Communicable diseases are diseases which spread from an infected
person to a healthy person through air, water, food, vectors, physical
contact.
• Ex :- common cold, chicken pox, mumps, measles, typhoid, cholera,
tuberculosis, malaria, AIDS etc.
iv) Non-infectious diseases (Non-communicable diseases):-
• Non-communicable diseases are diseases which are not spread from an
infected person to a healthy person.
• Ex :- Beri Beri, rickets, scurvy, night blindness, diabetes, cancer, high
blood pressure etc.

7. Causes of diseases
Infectious diseases can be caused by:
• Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as
strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.
• Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of
diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS.
• Fungi. Many skin diseases, such as ringworm and athlete's foot, are
caused by fungi. Other types of fungi can infect your lungs or nervous
system.
• Parasites. Malaria is caused by a tiny parasite that is transmitted by a
mosquito bite. Other parasites may be transmitted to humans from
animal feces.

8. Infectious diseases
a. Infectious agents:Infectious agents come in many
shapes and sizes. Bacteria and protozoans are
microscopic one-celled organisms, while viruses are
even smaller. Fungi grow like plants, and helminths
resemble worms.

9. b. Means of Spread of
Infectious Diseases
• Infectious diseases commonly spread
through the direct transfer of
bacteria, viruses or other germs from
one person to another. This can
happen when an individual with the
bacterium or virus touches, kisses, or
coughs or sneezes on someone who
isn't infected.

10. c. Organ-specific and tissue-specific
manifestations
• Organ-Specific and Tissue-Specific
Manifestation: Organ and tissue-
specific manifestations refer to certain
organs, tissues, or cells where the
microorganisms affect a person's body.
When microbes affect the entire organ,
such as lungs or kidneys, it is known as
organ-specific manifestation.
• When a microbe infects the tissues of the
body of an individual in a particular
type of disease, it is termed as tissue
specific manifestation. For example, in
HIV the virus infects the tissue and cells
of the organism making decreasing
his/her immunity.

11. d. Principles of treatment
The principles of treatment are to reduce the effect and kill the cause of the
diseases. After entering the host body,the virus survives on the cellular mechanism
of the body as it doesn't have any own bio-mechanism.
1. Reduce the effect of the disease
• Medicines are given to cut down the effect of the disease, like pain, fever, etc.
Through this symptomatictreatment,the patient can feel some relief. However,
these impacts can’t be subsided completely by the treatment.
• Diseases like common flu can’t be cured. But,symptomatictreatment can reduce
the effects of such diseases to some extent.
2. Kill the cause of the disease
• Secondly,by using medicine, individualscan finish pathogenslike bacteria.
These microorganisms survive due to some biochemical process that can be
stopped by this medicine.
• Thus, the principle of treatment is to prevent the disease by implementing
different measures. It helps to enhance the living standard and bring down the
mortality rate.
• Keep checking our Vedantu website for more knowledgeon the principle of
treatment.Our Vedantu app is also available for easier connection.Learn faster
and ace yourexams by joiningour live online classes.

12. e. The principles of prevention
• The principles of prevention are a set of solutions which are prioritised
from most effective (Don’t do it – Avoid) to the least (Instructions to
employees – which on their own don’t offer much protection) and stem
from the Management Regulations
• They require us, as employers, to utilise these principles when we are
implementing preventative and protective measures in the workplace.
1 Avoiding risks. ...
2 Evaluating the risks which cannot be avoided. ...
3 Combating the risks at source. ...
4 Adapting the work environment to the individual. ...
5 Adapting to technical progress. ...
6 Replacing the dangerous by the non-dangerous, or the less dangerous.