This document discusses why people fall ill and the causes of disease. It explains that disease can be caused by both intrinsic/internal factors like genetic disorders as well as extrinsic/external factors like unhealthy environments and infectious microorganisms. Communicable diseases can be passed between individuals while non-communicable diseases cannot. Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and kill microbes, while prevention focuses on public hygiene, immunizations, and strengthening the immune system.

1. WHY DO WE FALL ILL ?
EFFORT BY
MILIND PRAKASH SINGH
IX C
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2.  SIGNIFICANCE OF HEALTH
 Health is described as the state of complete physical,
mental and social well being. Thus being healthy is far
more than just being free from diseases.
 For maintaining a healthy life cycle a person needs to
have a balanced diet needs exercise regularly in
proper shelter and get enough sleep.
HEALTH AND ITS FAILURE

3.  Human beings live in societies. Our social environment
plays a important part in our individual health. We live in
villages, town or cities. For example, just think what would
happen if there is no agency of to ensure garbage is
collected and disposed ?
 If there heap of garbage and trash littered here and there
so the possibility of poor health increases. So, public
cleanliness is an important contribution to an individual’s
health.
 Now we will study about difference between healthy and
disease free people.
OVERLAP OF PERSONAL AND
COMMUNITY ISSUES FOR HEALTH

4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEALTHY
AND DISEASE FREE
HEALTHY
 It is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well
being.
 A healthy person will be
disease free.
 Healthy person is energetic
and able to perform.
DISEASE FREE
 It is a state of absence of
discomfort or derangement in
any part of body.
 A disease free person can be
healthy or unhealthy.
 Performance of a disease free
person depends upon
environment and personal
attitude.

5. The diseases by intrinsic
sources are called organic.
Some of the diseases caused
by intrinsic sources.
1-Cardic failure
2-Kidney failure
3-Dwarfism
4-Gigantism
5-Diabetes
6-Cancer
7-Allergies
8-Sickle cell anaemia

6.  Disease can also be defined as an impairment of the
normal state of the living organism that disturbs the
performance of the vital function. Disease may be
response to. Examples of diseases and causes
 Environmental factors.(industrial hazards)
 Specific infective disease.(as worms, protozoan, fungi)
 Combination of these factors.
 Inherent defects of the organism.(a genetic anomalies)
DISEASE AND ITS CAUSES

7.  Intrinsic or internal factor.
 The disease causing factor which exist within the
human body are called intrinsic factor. The important
intrinsic factors affect the human health are the
following.
 Genetic disorder.
 Hormonal imbalances.
 Malfunction of immune system of body.
 Malfunctioning
SOURCES OF DISEASE

8.  The disease causing external agents which enter the
human body from outside as referred to as extrinsic
factors.
 The important extrinsic factors are-
 Unbalanced diet
 Disease causing microorganism
 Environmental pollutants
 Tobacco, alcohol and drugs.
EXTRINSIC FACTORS

9. TYPES OF DISEASES
The human diseases are of four categories.
CONGENITAL ACQUIRED
DISEASES
NON COMMUICABLE
COMMUICABLE
INJURY
DEFICIENCY
DISEASES
CONTAGIOUS NON CONTAGIOUS
METABOLIC
DISEASES
CANCER DISEASES

10. PEPTIC ULCERS AND THE NOBEL
PRIZE
For many years, everybody used to think that peptic ulcers,
which cause acidity related pain and bleeding in the stomach
and duodenum were because the lifestyle reasons.
Everybody thought that a stressful life led to a lot acid
secretion in the stomach, and eventually caused peptic
ulcers.

11. Then two Australians made
discovery of a bacterium,
Helicobacter pylori, was
responsible for peptic ulcers.
Robin Warren a pathologist.
Barry Marshall a young
clinical fellow. In treatment
studies, Marshall and Warren
showed that they will cure
the patients of peptic ulcers
and they are successful.
For this achievement,
Marshall and Warren
received a Nobel prize in
physiology and medicine in
2005.

12. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMMUNICABLE AND
NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
 They are caused by attack of
pathogen.
 The diseases are brought
about by external factors.
 Infectious diseases can pass
from diseased person to
healthy person.
 Infection occurs through direct
contact and other medium
NONCOMUICABLE DISEASES
 They are caused by factors of
other than living pathogen.
 The diseases are mostly
brought by internal factors.
 Non communicable disease
cannot pass one to another.
 Transmission is absent.

13. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACUTE AND
CHRONIC DISEASES
ACUTE DISEASES
 These last for only short period
of time.
 These do not cause long term
bad effect on human health.
 Examples include cold, cough,
cholera, etc.
CHRONIC DISEASES
 These last for a long time, even
as much as a life time.
 These cause drastic long term
effects on human health.
 Examples

14.  INFCTION AGENTS
 Organism that can cause diseases are classified in a
wide range of categories. Some of them are virus,
protozoan, fungi and bacteria.
 Some common diseases can be cured by antibiotics
but some diseases like cholera is a diseases can cause
death within few hours.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES

15. DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUS
INFECTIOUS AGENTS DISEASES
Viruses Common cold
SARS
Small pox
Swine flu
Measles
Mumps
Dengue fever

16. INFECTIOUS AGENTS DISEASES
Bacteria Typhoid fever
Acne
Cholera
Anthrax
Tetanus
Food poisoning
Tuberculosis
DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA

17. Air borne diseases-
Common cold, pneumonia
and tuberculosis. Such
disease causing microbes
spread through out the air.
The transmission of these
microbes occurs through the
little droplet coughed out by
infected person. We can also
see in this diagram.
MEANS OF SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

18. Direct or indirect transmission –
Infectious diseases spread from
an infected person to a healthy
person through air, water,
food, vectors, physical contact
and sexual contact.

19.  Disease causing microbes enter the body by different means
and goes to different organs and tissues.
 i) Microbes which enters through the nose are likely to go to
the lungs. ( Bacteria which cause tuberculosis of lungs).
 ii) Microbes which enter through the mouth are likely to stay in
the gut ( Bacteria which causes Typhoid) or liver (Bacteria which
causes Jaundice).
 iii) Virus which causes AIDS enter the body through sexual
organs during sexual contact and spreads through the lymph to
all parts of the body and damages the immune system.
 iv) Virus which causes Japanese encephalitis (brain fever) enters
the body through mosquito bite and goes and infects the brain.
Organ-specific and tissue-specific
manifestations

20.  The treatment of infectious diseases consists of two steps.
They are to reduce the effects of the disease (symptoms)
and to kill the microbes which caused the disease.
 i) To reduce the effects of the disease :-
 This can be done by taking medicines to bring down the
effects of the disease like fever, pain or loose motions etc.
and by taking bed rest to conserve our energy.
 ii) To kill the microbes :-
 This can be done by taking suitable antibiotics and drugs
which kills the microbes and the disease is cured
Principles of treatment

21.  There are two ways of prevention of infectious diseases. They are general
ways and specific ways.
 i) General ways of prevention :-
 Public hygiene is most important for prevention of infectious diseases.
Proper and sufficient food for every one will make people healthy to resist
infection.
 Air borne diseases can be prevented by living in conditions that are not
crowded. Water borne diseases can be prevented by providing safe drinking
water. Vector borne diseases can be prevented by providing clean
environment.
 ii) Specific ways of prevention :-
 The specific ways to prevent infectious disease is immunization by taking
vaccines. Vaccines provide immunity from infectious diseases like tetanus,
diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, polio etc.
 Our body has an immune system which fights microbial infection. When
this system first sees an infectious microbe, it kills the microbe and
remembers it. So if the microbe enters the body the next time, it responds
more vigorously. Vaccines mimic the infectious microbe and strengthens
our immune system and protects the body from infectious diseases.
Principles of prevention