The document discusses the causes of diseases. It states that some diseases are caused by bacteria while others like AIDS and the common cold are caused by viruses. Normally our immune system protects us but sometimes due to lack of sleep, stress or poor nutrition, our bodies become weak and susceptible to disease. Vaccines can help prevent some diseases by strengthening our immunity. The document then discusses different types of diseases like infectious, contagious, airborne diseases and non-communicable diseases. It also talks about lifestyle diseases and gives examples of bacterial and viral diseases.

1. BY:
Suvidhi Goel

2. Introduction

3. Why Do We Fall ILL???
S o me d i s e a s e s a r e c a u s e d b y
b a c t e r i a a n d s o me , s u c h a s
A I D S a n d t h e c o mmo n c o l d ,
a r e c a u s e d b y v i r u s e s .
N o r ma l l y , o u r i mmu n e s y s t e m
p r o t e c t s u s a g a i n s t
d i s e a s e s . B u t s o me t i me s o u r
b o d y – b e c a u s e o f t o o l i t t l e
s l e e p o r a l o t o f s t r e s s -
b e c o me s s o w e a k t h a t t h e
i mmu n e s y s t e m d o e s n o t w o r k
p r o p e r l y a n d w e s u c c u mb t o
d i s e a s e s . L u c k i l y , we c a n
g e t o u r s e l v e s v a c c i n a t e d

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5. Types Of Diseases
Infectious Disease : Diseases where microbes are the
immediate cause.
Contagious diseases : A subset of infectious diseases.
Communicable diseases : Diseases which spread
through an infected person to a healthy person through
air, water, contaminated food and pathogens .
Airborne diseases : A disease that spread from air .
Non-communicable diseases :It is a medical condition
or disease which by definition is non-infectious and non-
transmissible between persons.
Lifestyle diseases : Diseases that appear to increase in
frequency as countries become more industrialized and
people live longer.
Other contents

6. CAUSES OF DISEASES
╬ Let us look at an example. If there is a baby suffering from
loose motions ,we can say that the cause of loose motions is
an infection with a virus. So the immediate cause of the
disease is a VIRUS .
╬ Virus could have been come through unclean drinking water.
But in some cases one baby develops loose motions while
the other baby does not ? The reason could be that the baby
is not HEALTHY .As a result, it might be more likely to have
diseases when exposed to risk, whereas healthier babies
would not.

7. ╬ Genetic Difference :It is also possible that the baby has some
genetic difference that makes it more likely to suffer from loose
motions when exposed to such a virus . Without the virus , the
genetic difference or the poor nourishment alone would not lead
to loose motions .But they do become contributory causes of the
diseases.
╬ Lack of Good Nourishment: The baby is not healthy because it
is not well nourished and does not get enough food . So, this is
the another cause . Other contents

8. CURE :
A cure is the end of a medical condition or a
treatment that is very likely to end it,
while remission refers to the disappearance, possibly
temporarily, of symptoms. Complete remission is the
best possible outcome for incurable diseases.
PREVENTION :
Many diseases and disorders can be prevented
through a variety of means. These include
sanitation, proper nutrition,
adequate exercise, vaccinations, and other self-
care and public health measures.

9. Treatment
Medical therapies or treatments are efforts to Fact file
cure or improve a disease or other health
problem. In the medical field, therapy is
synonymous with the word treatment.
Treatments may be provided by an
organized health care system, or informally,
by the patient or family members.
A prevention or preventive therapy is a way to
avoid an injury, sickness, or disease in the
first place. A treatment or cure is applied after
a medical problem has already started. A
treatment attempts to improve or remove a
problem, but treatments may not produce
permanent cures, especially in chronic
diseases.

10. How can we prevent Diseases?
There are two ways, one general and one specific to each diseases . The general
ways of preventing infections mostly relate to preventing exposure.
How can we prevent exposure to infectious
microbes?
 For airborne microbes , we can prevent exposure by providing living conditions
that are not overcrowded .
 For waterborne microbes, we can prevent exposure by providing safe drinking
water . This can be done by treating the water to kill any microbial contamination
.
 For vector-borne infections , we can provide clean environments . This would not
, for example, allow mosquito breeding . In other words , public hygiene is one
basic key to the prevention of infectious diseases .
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11. Treatment
 Once someone has a disease, their
body functions are damaged and may
never recover completely.
Treatment will take time, which means
that someone suffering from a disease
is likely to be bedridden for sometime if
we can give proper treatment.
The person suffering from an infectious
disease can serve as a source from
where the infection may spread to
other people. This leads to the
multiplication of the above difficulties.
It is because of such reasons that
prevention of diseases is better than Other contents
their cure.

12. Viruses cannot exist on their own and for survival they
need to spread to another host. This is because the
original host may either die or eliminate the infection.
Some important routes of viral transfer include:
Route Examples
Skin contact HPV(warts)
Respiratory ColdVirus , Influenza,measles,m-
umps,rubella
Faecal-oral Polio, echo, Coxackie, HepatitisA
Milk HIV,HTLV1,CMV
Transplacental Rubella ,CMV,HIV
Sexually Herpes1 &2,HIV,HPV,Hepatitis B
Insect Vector Yellow fever, Dengue fever
Animla Bite Rabbies

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14. Treatment Of Viral Infections
Several antiviral drugs that are used to treat viral infections
have been developed over the past two decades. Many of
these are focussed against HIV. These do not cure HIV
infection but stop the virus from multiplying and prevent
the progress of the disease. Another notable antiviral drug
is Ribavarin against hepatitis A
Viruses in general are notoriously difficult drug targets
as they modify and adapt themselves rapidly to build up a
resistance against the drug. Case in point is Oseltamivir
(trade name - Tamiflu) used in influenza.

15. Ebola- threw blood
Measles- threw air
Chicken pox- threw air
Polio
Yellow fever
Rabies
Blackdeath
AIDS
Influenza- Threw air Other contents

16. Bacterial Diseases:
1) Tetanus==by bacterium Colstirdium tetani
2) Typorid fever==bacterium salmonella
3) Cholera==caused by vibrio cholerae
4) Plague caused by Yesenia pests
5) Syphilis== bacterium Treponema pallida
6) Gonorrhea triggered by Neisseria
7) Tuberculosis==Koch bacteria
8)Legionnaire's disease by Legionella
9) Pneumonia==bacteria
10)Anthrax==bacteria

17. What Are Bacterial Diseases?
Bacterial diseases include any type of illness caused
by bacteria. Bacteria are a type of microorganism,
which are tiny forms of life that can only be seen with
a microscope. Other types of microorganisms include
viruses, some fungi, and some parasites.
Millions of bacteria normally live on the skin, in the
intestines, and on the genitalia. The vast majority of
bacteria do not cause disease, and many bacteria are
actually helpful and even necessary for good health.
These bacteria are sometimes referred to as “good
bacteria” or “healthy bacteria.”

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19. What are the
symptoms of bacterial
diseases?
Symptoms of bacterial diseases vary depending on the
type of bacterial infection, the area of the body that is
infected, and other factors, such as the patient’s age
and health history. The symptoms of bacterial diseases
can also resemble symptoms of other diseases, such as
colitis, influenza, and viral infections. The classic
symptom of a bacterial infection is a Fever, although not
all people with a bacterial infection will have a fever.

20. What causes bacterial
diseases?
Bacterial diseases are caused by harmful
bacteria (pathogenic bacteria). The vast
majority of bacteria do not cause disease, and
many bacteria are actually helpful and even
necessary for good health. Bacterial diseases
occur when pathogenic bacteria get into an
area of the body that is normally sterile, such
as the bladder, or when they crowd out the
helpful bacteria in places such as the
intestines, vagina or mouth. Less common,
bacterial infections can occur when healthy
bacteria multiply uncontrollably.

21. FACT FILE
YPLL measurements do not
There are several
account for how disabled a
measures used to quantify
person is before dying, so the
the burden imposed by measurement treats a
diseases on people. person who dies suddenly
The years of potential life and a person who died at the
lost (YPLL) is a simple same age after decades of
estimate of the number of illness as equivalent. In
years that a person's life 2004, the World Health
was shortened due to a Organisation calculated that
disease. For example, if a 932 million years of potential
person dies at the age of life were lost to premature
65 from a disease, and death.
would probably have lived
until age 80 without that In 2004, the World Health
disease, then that disease Organization calculated that
has caused a loss of 15 1.5 billion disability-adjusted
years of potential life. life years were lost to disease
and injury.
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