Disease prevention & control

1. Disease prevention & control
Control
Measures aimed at reducing
The incidence of a disease
The duration of a disease
The effects of infection
The financial burden
Elimination
Interruption of disease transmission in a large
geographical area
Eradication
Termination of all modes of transmission by
exterminating the disease causing agent.

2. Prevention:
The goal of prevention is
Promote health
Preserve health
Restore health
Minimise the suffering & distress
Successful prevention depends on
Knowledge of causation
Dynamics of transmission
Identifying the risk factors
Early Diagnosis & treatment
Prophylache measures
Organisation which will implement the above
measures to the community

3. Disease prevention and control
The basic approach is to find out
a. Weak links in the transmission
b. Full knowledge about the disease
Measures against reservoir
1. Early diagnosis
2. Notification
International notifiable diseases
Cholera
Plague
Yellow fever
HIV / AIDS
3. Epidemiological investigations

4. 4. Isolation defined as “separation for the period of
communicability of such infected persons to prevent
the direct or transmission.
Types standard isolation
Strict isolation
High security isolation
Protective isolation
5. Treatment
6. Quarantine can be defined as “limitation of freedom of
movements of such well person who are exposed to a
Communicable disease for a period time not longer than
longest incubation period”

5. Types
a. Absolute quarantine
b. Modified quarantine
c. Segregation quarantine
Measures against mode of transmission
1. Water- simple chlorination to complex treatment
2. Food – personal hygiene
3. Vector – Source reduction to sprays

6. Measures against Host
1. Active immunization
2. Passive immunization
3. Combined active and passive
4. Non specific measures
5. Chemoprophylaxis
6. Surveillance

7. Surveillance
It can be defined as “Continuous
scrutiny of the factors that determine
the occurrence and distribution of
disease and other conditions of ill
health”