This presentation summarizes Kruskal's algorithm and Prim's algorithm for finding minimum spanning trees in graphs. Kruskal's algorithm works by selecting the shortest edge in a network that does not create a cycle, repeating until all vertices are connected. Prim's algorithm starts with any vertex and selects the shortest edge connected to vertices already in the tree, repeating until all vertices are connected. Both algorithms are demonstrated on a example network to connect five villages to a market town, finding the minimum total edge length of 18 using either algorithm by connecting edges of length 2, 3, 4, 4, and 5.
A minimum spanning tree (MST) or minimum weight spanning tree is a subset of the edges of a connected, edge-weighted undirected graph that connects all the vertices together, without any cycles and with the minimum possible total edge weight.
A minimum spanning tree (MST) or minimum weight spanning tree is a subset of the edges of a connected, edge-weighted undirected graph that connects all the vertices together, without any cycles and with the minimum possible total edge weight.
A presentation on prim's and kruskal's algorithmGaurav Kolekar
This slides are for a presentation on Prim's and Kruskal's algorithm. Where I have tried to explain how both the algorithms work, their similarities and their differences.
In computer science, a data structure is a particular way of organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to specific tasks.
breadth-first search (BFS) is a strategy for searching in a graph when search is limited to essentially two operations
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures.
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking
A presentation on prim's and kruskal's algorithmGaurav Kolekar
This slides are for a presentation on Prim's and Kruskal's algorithm. Where I have tried to explain how both the algorithms work, their similarities and their differences.
In computer science, a data structure is a particular way of organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to specific tasks.
breadth-first search (BFS) is a strategy for searching in a graph when search is limited to essentially two operations
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures.
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking
The purpose of making this presentation is to explain Kruskal's Algorithm in a simple and attractive way. However, the content of this presentation is taken from more than one resources and merged at one place for the better understanding of students. It also contains an example which will definitely help students to understand it more quickly.
Substation grounding grid design using Alternative Transients Program-ATP and...Jose Dariel Arcila
This example shows the method for designing a grounding grid following the standard IEEE 80 safety criteria. It shows the procedure for designing the grounding grid of a substation with voltage levels of 115 kV and 34.5 kV.
Designed a microwave amplifier circuit with a required bandwidth of 250MHz at a center frequency of 3.7GHz experiencing 6.5dB gain within Keysight ADS.
Catalog busbar ls 06. busduct presentation e series rev 2Dien Ha The
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Catalog busbar ls 06. busduct presentation e series rev 2Dien Ha The
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.org
PARASITIC-AWARE FULL PHYSICAL CHIP DESIGN OF LNA RFIC AT 2.45GHZ USING IBM 13...Ilango Jeyasubramanian
• Analyzed and designed a single stage cascoded LNA with Q-based calculation for desired input matching, output matching, power gain, IIP3 and Noise figure, including all the parasitics in the on-chip and off-chip components using SpectreRF simulations.
• Synthesized the LNA layout for on-chip components with spiral inductor, MOS capacitor, MIM capacitor and Bond-pads with ESD protections.
• Our LNA exhibited a noise figure of 1.23dB, linear gain of 18.54 dB, IIP3 of -4.60dbm, S11 of -31.11db, S22 of -24.91db with the operating range between 2.4-2.5GHZ along with 10% variation tolerance.
Sizing the neutral in harmonic-rich environmentsLeonardo ENERGY
2006 - This one-hour webinar will provide guidance for neutral sizing based on the latest standards on the subject. The literature mentions half-sized, full-sized and double-sized neutrals compared to phase conductors. In this webinar, a method for neutral sizing will be proposed that can be used in most practical situations.
1. (TCO 4) For the series-parallel circuit given in Figure 3.1 below, determine the total resistance RT between the terminals labeled A and B
2. (TCO 4) For the circuit given in Figure 3.3, obtain the following quantities.
a) Currents I1 and I2
b) Power dissipated by the resistor R3
3. (TCOs 2,3,4) Determine the unknown quantities I1, V2, and V3
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
3. Minimum Connector Algorithms
Kruskal’s algorithm
1. Select the shortest edge in a
network
2. Select the next shortest edge
which does not create a cycle
3. Repeat step 2 until all vertices
have been connected
Prim’s algorithm
1. Select any vertex
2. Select the shortest edge
connected to that vertex
3. Select the shortest edge
connected to any vertex
already connected
4. Repeat step 3 until all
vertices have been
connected
4. A CABLE COMPANY WANT TO CONNECT FIVE VILLAGES TO THEIR
NETWORK WHICH CURRENTLY EXTENDS TO THE MARKET TOWN OF
AVONFORD. WHAT IS THE MINIMUM LENGTH OF CABLE NEEDED?
Avonford Fingley
Brinleigh Cornwell
Donster
Edan
2
7
4
5
8 6 4
5
3
8
Example
5. We model the situation as a network, then the problem
is to find the minimum connector for the network
A F
B C
D
E
2
7
4
5
8 6 4
5
3
8
8. Select the next shortest
edge which does not
create a cycle
ED 2
AB 3
Kruskal’s Algorithm
A
F
B
C
D
E
2
7
4
5
8 6 4
5
3
8
9. Select the next shortest
edge which does not
create a cycle
ED 2
AB 3
CD 4 (or AE 4)
Kruskal’s Algorithm
A
F
B
C
D
E
2
7
4
5
8 6 4
5
3
8
10. Select the next shortest
edge which does not
create a cycle
ED 2
AB 3
CD 4
AE 4
Kruskal’s Algorithm
A
F
B
C
D
E
2
7
4
5
8 6 4
5
3
8
11. Select the next shortest
edge which does not
create a cycle
ED 2
AB 3
CD 4
AE 4
BC 5 – forms a cycle
EF 5
Kruskal’s Algorithm
A
F
B
C
D
E
2
7
4
5
8 6 4
5
3
8
12. All vertices have been
connected.
The solution is
ED 2
AB 3
CD 4
AE 4
EF 5
Total weight of tree: 18
Kruskal’s Algorithm
A
F
B
C
D
E
2
7
4
5
8 6 4
5
3
8
19. •Both algorithms will always give solutions with
the same length.
•They will usually select edges in a different order
– you must show this in your workings.
•Occasionally they will use different edges – this
may happen when you have to choose between
edges with the same length. In this case there is
more than one minimum connector for the
network.
USES OF BOTH ALGORITHM