Basic Computer Operations. Input: Information and programs are entered into the computer through Input devices such as the keyboard, disks, or through other computers via network connections or modems connected to the Internet.
Basic Computer Operations. Input: Information and programs are entered into the computer through Input devices such as the keyboard, disks, or through other computers via network connections or modems connected to the Internet.
Technology Training in the California Community College SystemAnna Stirling
Currently, @ONE serves approximately 10% of the nearly 85,000 faculty and staff from all 112 community colleges in the system. @ONE’s goal is to provide relevant technology training to faculty and staff by providing these services at a minimal cost to both individuals and colleges/districts. In an effort to meet this goal, @ONE contracted a team of undergraduate College of Business students at California State University San Marcos to conduct a market study of California Community College faculty and staff regarding their current technology training, their personal preferences, and emerging technology needs and to then provide recommendations based on the data collected from that study.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
2. Objectives Overview
Differentiate among various Describe the control unit
styles of system units on Identify chips, adapter and arithmetic logic unit
desktop cards, and other components of a
computers, notebook components of a processor, and explain the
computers, and mobile motherboard four steps in a machine
devices cycle
Identify characteristics of
various personal computer Define a bit and describe Explain how program
processors on the market how a series of bits instructions transfer in and
today, and describe the represents data out of memory
ways processors are cooled
See Page 209 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 2
for Detailed Objectives
3. Objectives Overview
Differentiate between a port and
Describe the purpose and types
a connector, and explain the
of expansion slots and adapter
Differentiate among the various differences among a USB
cards, and differentiate among
types of memory port, FireWire port, Bluetooth
slots for various removable flash
port, SCSI port, eSATA port, IrDA
memory devices
port, serial port, and MIDI port
Explain the purpose of a power Understand how to clean a
Describe the types of buses in a
supply and describe how it keeps system unit on a computer or
computer
cool mobile device
See Page 209 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 3
for Detailed Objectives
4. The System Unit
• The system unit is
a case that
contains
electronic
components of
the computer
used to process
data
Page 210 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 4
Figure 4-1
5. The System Unit
• The inside of the system unit on a desktop
personal computer includes:
Drive bay(s)
Power supply
Sound card
Video card
Processor
Memory
Page 211 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 5
Figure 4-2
6. The System Unit
• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the
system unit
– A computer chip contains integrated circuits
Page 212 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 6
Figure 4-3
7. Processor
• The processor, also called the central processing
unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer
– Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit
(ALU)
Multi-core Dual-core Quad-core
processor processor processor
Page 213 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 7
9. Processor
• The control unit is the component of the
processor that directs and coordinates most of
the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
Page 214 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 9
10. Processor
• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of
four basic operations, which comprise a machine
cycle
Page 215 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 10
Figure 4-5
11. Processor
• Most current personal
computers support
pipelining
– Processor begins
fetching a second
instruction before it
completes the machine
cycle for the first
instruction
Pages 215 – 216 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 11
Figure 4-6
12. Processor
The processor contains registers, that
temporarily hold data and instructions
The system clock controls the timing
of all computer operations
• The pace of the system clock is called the clock
speed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz)
Page 216 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 12
13. Processor
• The leading
manufacturers of
personal computer
processor chips are Intel
and AMD
Pages 216 – 217 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 13
Figure 4-7
14. Processor
• Determine how you plan to use a new computer
before selecting a processor
Page 218 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 14
Figure 4-8
15. Processor
• A processor chip
generates heat that
could cause the chip to
burn up
• Require additional
cooling
– Heat sinks
– Liquid cooling
technology
Pages 219 - 220 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 15
Figures 4-9 – 4-10
16. Processor
• Parallel processing uses multiple processors
simultaneously to execute a single program or task
– Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of
processors
Page 220 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 16
Figure 4-11
17. Data Representation
Analog signals are continuous and vary in
strength and quality
Digital signals are in one of two states: on
or off
• Most computers are digital
• The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
• Bits and bytes
Page 221 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 17
18. Data Representation
A computer circuit represents Eight bits grouped together as a
the 0 or the 1 electronically by unit are called a byte. A byte
the presence or absence of an represents a single character in
electrical charge the computer
Page 221 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 18
Figures 4-12 – 4-13
19. Data Representation
• ASCII (American
Standard Code for
Information
Interchange) is the most
widely used coding
scheme to represent
data
Page 221 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 19
Figure 4-14
21. Memory
• Memory consists of electronic components that
store instructions waiting to be executed by the
processor, data needed by those instructions, and
the results of processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:
Data being
The operating
Application processed and the
system and other
programs resulting
system software
information
Page 223 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 21
22. Memory
• Each location in memory has an address
• Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or
K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes
(TB)
Page 223 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 22
Figure 4-17
23. Memory
• The system unit contains two types of memory:
Volatile memory Nonvolatile memory
Loses its contents when Does not lose contents
power is turned off when power is removed
Examples include
Example includes RAM ROM, flash memory, and
CMOS
Pages 223 - 224 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 23
26. Memory
• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module
and are inserted into memory slots
Page 225 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 26
Figure 4-20
27. Memory
• The amount of RAM necessary in a computer
often depends on the types of software you plan
to use
Page 226 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 27
Figure 4-21
28. Memory
• Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer
because it stores frequently used instructions and data
Page 227 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 28
Figure 4-22
29. Memory
Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips
storing permanent data and instructions
• Firmware
A PROM (programmable read-only memory) chip is
a blank ROM chip that can be written to
permanently
• EEPROM can be erased
Page 228 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 29
30. Memory
• Flash memory can be erased electronically and
rewritten
– CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes
little power
Pages 228 – 229 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 30
Figure 4-23
31. Memory
• Access time is the amount of time it takes the
processor to read from memory
– Measured in nanoseconds
Page 229 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 31
Figures 4-24 – 4-25
32. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• An expansion slot is a
socket on the motherboard
that can hold an adapter
card
• An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of
the system unit and/or
provides connections to
peripherals
– Sound card and video card
Page 230 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 32
Figure 4-26
33. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• With Plug and Play, the computer automatically
can configure adapter cards and other peripherals
as you install them
Pages 230 – 231 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 33
Figure 4-27
34. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• Removable flash memory includes:
– Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC
Cards/ExpressCard modules
Page 231 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 34
Figure 4-28
35. Ports and Connectors
A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or
communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred
to as a jack)
A connector joins a cable to a port
Page 232 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 35
37. Ports and Connectors
• On a notebook computer, the ports are on the
back, front, and/or sides
Pages 232 - 233 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 37
Figure 4-30
39. Ports and Connectors
• A USB port can connect up to 127 different
peripherals together with a single connector
– You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB
port with a USB hub
Page 234 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 39
Figure 4-32
40. Ports and Connectors
• Other types of ports include:
Firewire Bluetooth
SCSI port
port port
eSATA
IrDA port Serial port
port
MIDI port
Pages 234 - 236 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 40
41. Ports and Connectors
A Bluetooth wireless port A smart phone might
adapter converts a USB port into communicate with a notebook
a Bluetooth port computer using an IrDA port
Page 235 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 41
Figures 4-33 – 4-34
42. Ports and Connectors
• A port replicator is an
external device that
provides connections to
peripherals through ports
built into the device
• A docking station is an
external device that
attaches to a mobile
computer or device
Page 236 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 42
Figure 4-35
43. Buses
• A bus allows the various
devices both inside and
attached to the system
unit to communicate with
each other
– Data bus
– Address bus
• Word size is the number
of bits the processor can
interpret and execute at a
given time
Page 237 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 43
Figure 4-36
44. Buses
• Expansion slots connect to expansion buses
• Common types of expansion buses include:
PCI Express Accelerated
PCI bus
bus Graphics Port
USB and
PC Card bus
FireWire bus
Page 238 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 44
45. Bays
• A bay is an opening
inside the system unit in
which you can install
additional equipment
– A drive bay typically
holds disk drives
Page 238 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 45
Figure 4-37
46. Power Supply
The power supply converts the wall
outlet AC power into DC power
Some external peripherals have an AC
adapter, which is an external power
supply
Page 239 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 46
47. Putting It All Together
Home Small Office/ Mobile
Intel Core i5 or Home Office Intel Core i7 Extreme or
Intel Core 2 i3 or Intel Core i7 or Intel Core i7 or
AMD Athlon II or Intel Core i7 Extreme or AMD Phenom II or
AMD Sempron AMD Phenom II or AMD Turion II
AMD Athlon II
Minimum RAM: 2 GB Minimum RAM: 2 GB
Minimum RAM: 4 GB
Page 239 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 47
Figure 4-38
48. Putting It All Together
Power Enterprise
Intel Xeon or Intel Core i7 or
Intel Itanium or Intel Core i7 Extreme
AMD Opteron or AMD Phenom II or
Minimum RAM: 8 GB AMD Athlon II
Minimum RAM: 4 GB
Page 239 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 48
Figure 4-38
49. Keeping Your Computer
or Mobile Device Clean
Clean your computer or mobile device once or twice a year
Turn off and unplug your computer or mobile device before
cleaning it
Use compressed air to blow away dust
Use an antistatic wipe to clean the exterior of the case and a
cleaning solution and soft cloth to clean the screen
Page 240 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 49
50. Summary
Sequence of operations
How memory stores
Components of the that occur when a
data, instructions, and
system unit computer executes an
information
instruction
Comparison of various
How to clean the
personal computer
exterior and interior of
processors on the
a system unit
market today
Page 241 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 50
51. Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 4 Complete