This document provides an overview of the objectives and key concepts covered in Chapter 4 of Discovering Computers 2012. It discusses the components inside the system unit, including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, and buses. It explains how the processor works through its control unit and arithmetic logic unit. It also covers data representation using bits and bytes, different types of memory and storage, and ways to connect peripherals and expand functionality. The document provides details on selecting and cooling processors, cleaning computer systems, and putting components together based on intended use.
This document provides an overview of the key components and functions of a computer system unit. It describes the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, buses, and power supply. The processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit and executes a four-step machine cycle. Memory stores operating systems, applications, and data in volatile RAM and non-volatile ROM chips. Expansion slots hold adapter cards that enhance functions. Various ports connect peripherals using standards like USB, FireWire, and Bluetooth. Buses allow communication between components. Regular cleaning helps maintain a computer's performance.
This document provides an overview of the key components inside a computer's system unit, including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, and buses. It describes the basic functions of the processor's control unit and arithmetic logic unit. It explains how data is represented digitally using bits and bytes. It differentiates between types of memory, such as RAM, ROM, and cache. It outlines various expansion slots and adapter cards that can enhance the system unit's functions. It defines ports and connectors and lists common types including USB, FireWire, and serial ports.
This document provides an overview of the objectives and key concepts covered in Chapter 4 of Discovering Computers 2012. It describes the main components inside the system unit, including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, and buses. It explains how the processor works through its control unit and arithmetic logic unit. It also differentiates between various types of memory, ports, and processors. Finally, it provides guidance on cleaning and maintaining the system unit.
Components of system unit-chapter-04.pptxAnmolJalil
This document provides an overview of the objectives covered in Chapter 4 of Discovering Computers 2012. It discusses the components inside the system unit of a desktop computer including the motherboard, processor, memory, and expansion slots. It describes the control unit and arithmetic logic unit of the processor and how processors are cooled. It also explains data representation using ASCII and the two types of memory: volatile RAM and nonvolatile ROM/flash memory.
This document contains chapters from the textbook "Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World" that discuss computer hardware components. It describes the various parts inside a computer system unit including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, and expansion slots. The processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory comes in volatile and non-volatile types. Various ports and connectors are explained such as USB, FireWire, and Bluetooth. Buses and bays are also summarized. Input and output devices are introduced along with biometrics.
Lecture-2(1): Computer Hardware & System Components Mubashir Ali
This document provides an overview and objectives for a lecture on computer hardware and components. It discusses the various parts inside a computer system unit including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, buses, and power supply. The lecture describes how these components work together and interact to process data and run programs.
The system unit contains the main components of a computer including the motherboard, processor, memory, and other electronic parts. The processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and completes a four step machine cycle for each instruction. Common processors include multi-core and quad-core designs from Intel and AMD. Memory comes in volatile RAM and non-volatile ROM varieties and is measured in bytes for storage of operating systems, applications, and user data. Expansion slots on the motherboard allow additional components like video and sound cards to enhance the computer's capabilities.
The system unit contains the main components of a computer including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, and power supply. The chapter describes each of these components and their functions. It explains that the processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit and completes a four step machine cycle for each instruction. Memory stores data, instructions, and results and can be volatile RAM or non-volatile ROM/flash. Expansion slots hold adapter cards to add functionality. Various ports connect the computer to peripherals. Maintaining a clean interior and exterior helps the computer run efficiently.
This document provides an overview of the key components and functions of a computer system unit. It describes the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, buses, and power supply. The processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit and executes a four-step machine cycle. Memory stores operating systems, applications, and data in volatile RAM and non-volatile ROM chips. Expansion slots hold adapter cards that enhance functions. Various ports connect peripherals using standards like USB, FireWire, and Bluetooth. Buses allow communication between components. Regular cleaning helps maintain a computer's performance.
This document provides an overview of the key components inside a computer's system unit, including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, and buses. It describes the basic functions of the processor's control unit and arithmetic logic unit. It explains how data is represented digitally using bits and bytes. It differentiates between types of memory, such as RAM, ROM, and cache. It outlines various expansion slots and adapter cards that can enhance the system unit's functions. It defines ports and connectors and lists common types including USB, FireWire, and serial ports.
This document provides an overview of the objectives and key concepts covered in Chapter 4 of Discovering Computers 2012. It describes the main components inside the system unit, including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, and buses. It explains how the processor works through its control unit and arithmetic logic unit. It also differentiates between various types of memory, ports, and processors. Finally, it provides guidance on cleaning and maintaining the system unit.
Components of system unit-chapter-04.pptxAnmolJalil
This document provides an overview of the objectives covered in Chapter 4 of Discovering Computers 2012. It discusses the components inside the system unit of a desktop computer including the motherboard, processor, memory, and expansion slots. It describes the control unit and arithmetic logic unit of the processor and how processors are cooled. It also explains data representation using ASCII and the two types of memory: volatile RAM and nonvolatile ROM/flash memory.
This document contains chapters from the textbook "Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World" that discuss computer hardware components. It describes the various parts inside a computer system unit including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, and expansion slots. The processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory comes in volatile and non-volatile types. Various ports and connectors are explained such as USB, FireWire, and Bluetooth. Buses and bays are also summarized. Input and output devices are introduced along with biometrics.
Lecture-2(1): Computer Hardware & System Components Mubashir Ali
This document provides an overview and objectives for a lecture on computer hardware and components. It discusses the various parts inside a computer system unit including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, buses, and power supply. The lecture describes how these components work together and interact to process data and run programs.
The system unit contains the main components of a computer including the motherboard, processor, memory, and other electronic parts. The processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and completes a four step machine cycle for each instruction. Common processors include multi-core and quad-core designs from Intel and AMD. Memory comes in volatile RAM and non-volatile ROM varieties and is measured in bytes for storage of operating systems, applications, and user data. Expansion slots on the motherboard allow additional components like video and sound cards to enhance the computer's capabilities.
The system unit contains the main components of a computer including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, and power supply. The chapter describes each of these components and their functions. It explains that the processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit and completes a four step machine cycle for each instruction. Memory stores data, instructions, and results and can be volatile RAM or non-volatile ROM/flash. Expansion slots hold adapter cards to add functionality. Various ports connect the computer to peripherals. Maintaining a clean interior and exterior helps the computer run efficiently.
The system unit contains the main components of a computer including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, and expansion slots. The processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and performs a four step machine cycle to process instructions. Memory comes in volatile and nonvolatile forms and is measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes. Common components inside the system unit include the power supply, drives, sound/video cards, and cooling systems like heat sinks.
This document provides an overview of the key components that make up a computer's system unit. It discusses the processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, buses, and other internal parts. The processor interprets and executes instructions, while memory temporarily stores running programs and data. Expansion slots can contain adapter cards that enhance the computer's functions. Ports and connectors allow the system unit to communicate with external devices. Buses are pathways that allow different internal components to transfer data and instructions. Together, these components work to process data and run programs on a computer.
The document discusses the key components that make up a computer's system unit. It describes the motherboard as the main circuit board that contains the processor and memory. The processor, consisting of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit, interprets and executes instructions. Data is represented digitally using bits and bytes. Memory, including RAM and ROM, is used to store instructions and data during processing. Expansion slots on the motherboard allow additional functionality through adapter cards like video and sound cards. Buses inside the system unit allow communication between components.
The document discusses the key components inside a computer system unit including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, and buses. It explains how the processor executes instructions through a machine cycle of fetching, decoding, executing, and storing. Memory is described as either volatile RAM or non-volatile ROM/flash, and how it represents data through bits and bytes. The document also provides guidelines for cleaning the interior and exterior of a computer system unit.
Chapter 4 The Components Of The System Unitnorzaini
This chapter describes the components inside the system unit of a personal computer. It discusses the central processing unit (CPU) and its main components - the control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The CPU uses a machine cycle of fetch, decode, execute, and store steps to process instructions. Processor speed is measured in megahertz and gigahertz. Common components inside the system unit include the motherboard, memory modules, expansion cards, and ports. The chapter also covers data representation using binary numbers and bytes.
The document discusses the key components inside a computer system unit, including the processor, memory, ports, expansion slots, and buses. It describes how the processor executes instructions through a sequence of four machine cycle operations. It compares various types of computer processors on the market and explains how memory stores data, instructions, and information. It also provides tips on cleaning the exterior and interior of the system unit.
This chapter discusses computer hardware components and input/output devices. It describes the system unit and its major components including the motherboard, CPU, memory, ports, and expansion slots. It explains how bits are used to represent data and the machine cycle that the CPU uses to process instructions. The chapter also covers different types of input devices like keyboards, mice, and touchscreens. It defines input as any data entered into the computer and identifies input sources.
This document provides an overview of the key components inside a computer system unit, including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, expansion slots, and power supply. It discusses the functions of these components and how they work together to process data. The document also describes different types of processors, memory, ports, and expansion cards that can be used to enhance system capabilities. Mobile computers and tablets are discussed, along with guidelines for selecting processor and memory configurations based on intended usage. Basic cleaning and maintenance of the system unit is also covered.
This document provides an overview of the key components inside a computer system unit, including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, expansion slots, and power supply. It discusses the functions of these components and how they work together to process data. The document also describes components specific to mobile computers like notebooks and tablets.
The document discusses various components of a computer system unit including processors, memory, ports, buses, and expansion slots. It addresses differences between desktop, notebook, and mobile device system units. Key components are described such as the motherboard with integrated circuits, the processor with a control unit and arithmetic logic unit, and various types of memory. Bits are defined as the basic unit of data represented by combinations of 1s and 0s. Instruction processing and memory access are outlined. Cooling systems for processors include heat sinks and liquid cooling.
The document discusses the key components of a computer system unit, including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, and expansion slots. It explains that the motherboard contains the processor, memory chips, and expansion slots. RAM is the primary memory that programs use to run, while ROM contains permanent instructions. Expansion slots allow additional capabilities via adapter cards. Common ports include serial, parallel, and USB, which connect external devices. The document provides details on each of these core internal and external computer components.
This chapter discusses the components inside a computer's system unit. It describes the motherboard and processor, including the control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory stores instructions and data and comes in volatile RAM and nonvolatile ROM varieties. Expansion slots hold adapter cards to add functions. Ports and connectors attach peripherals. Buses allow components to communicate. The power supply provides power and requires cooling.
The document describes various components inside the system unit of a computer. It discusses the central processing unit (CPU), memory, adapter cards, ports, drives, and motherboard. The CPU, also called the processor, interprets and carries out instructions. It contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory temporarily stores data and instructions and comes in various types like RAM, ROM, and cache. Adapter cards expand the computer's capabilities by providing additional functions. Ports and connectors allow external devices to connect to the system unit. The motherboard contains the CPU, memory, and holds adapter cards and expansion slots.
The document provides an overview of chapter 1 in a networking essentials textbook. It covers basic computer components and operations, networking fundamentals such as packets and frames, and common network terms. The chapter objectives are listed and the presentation slides cover input/output components, storage, processing, how the operating system interfaces with hardware, and examples of local area networks, wide area networks, and internetworks.
The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes that a computer system consists of a central processing unit (CPU), primary storage, secondary storage, input devices, output devices, and communication devices. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit and control unit. Primary storage includes random access memory and read-only memory. Secondary storage devices discussed include magnetic disks like hard disks and floppy disks, and optical disks like CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, CD-RWs, and DVD-ROMs. Input devices convert data for input and output devices convert electronic data for human understanding.
The document provides an overview of the objectives covered in Chapter 4, which include:
1. Identifying the components inside a computer system unit such as the drive bays, power supply, processor, and memory.
2. Describing the main components of the processor, including the control unit and arithmetic logic unit, and explaining the four steps of the machine cycle.
3. Explaining how data is represented digitally using bits and bytes and coding schemes like ASCII.
The document discusses the components inside a computer system unit. It describes the central processing unit (CPU), which includes the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit. The CPU fetches and decodes instructions from memory and executes them. Memory temporarily stores instructions and data and can be measured in kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes. The document also mentions other common internal components like the motherboard, ports, and buses that allow communication between components.
This chapter discusses the main hardware components of a computer system. It describes the three main parts as input, the system unit, and output. The system unit contains the major electronic components including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, and removable storage. Common input devices are mice, keyboards, and scanners while output devices include monitors, printers, and speakers. The chapter explains how digital data is represented using binary numbers and stored in various types of memory.
The document discusses the fundamentals of computer systems, including definitions, components, and how they work together. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts input, processes it, and provides output. The key components are the input and output units, memory unit, CPU (consisting of the ALU and control unit), and secondary storage. The input and output units send and receive data, the memory unit temporarily stores programs and data, the CPU performs arithmetic/logical operations and coordinates tasks, and secondary storage provides long-term storage. Together these components work to accept user input, process the data, and provide the results.
The system unit contains the main components of a computer including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, and expansion slots. The processor contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and performs a four step machine cycle to process instructions. Memory comes in volatile and nonvolatile forms and is measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes. Common components inside the system unit include the power supply, drives, sound/video cards, and cooling systems like heat sinks.
This document provides an overview of the key components that make up a computer's system unit. It discusses the processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, buses, and other internal parts. The processor interprets and executes instructions, while memory temporarily stores running programs and data. Expansion slots can contain adapter cards that enhance the computer's functions. Ports and connectors allow the system unit to communicate with external devices. Buses are pathways that allow different internal components to transfer data and instructions. Together, these components work to process data and run programs on a computer.
The document discusses the key components that make up a computer's system unit. It describes the motherboard as the main circuit board that contains the processor and memory. The processor, consisting of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit, interprets and executes instructions. Data is represented digitally using bits and bytes. Memory, including RAM and ROM, is used to store instructions and data during processing. Expansion slots on the motherboard allow additional functionality through adapter cards like video and sound cards. Buses inside the system unit allow communication between components.
The document discusses the key components inside a computer system unit including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, and buses. It explains how the processor executes instructions through a machine cycle of fetching, decoding, executing, and storing. Memory is described as either volatile RAM or non-volatile ROM/flash, and how it represents data through bits and bytes. The document also provides guidelines for cleaning the interior and exterior of a computer system unit.
Chapter 4 The Components Of The System Unitnorzaini
This chapter describes the components inside the system unit of a personal computer. It discusses the central processing unit (CPU) and its main components - the control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The CPU uses a machine cycle of fetch, decode, execute, and store steps to process instructions. Processor speed is measured in megahertz and gigahertz. Common components inside the system unit include the motherboard, memory modules, expansion cards, and ports. The chapter also covers data representation using binary numbers and bytes.
The document discusses the key components inside a computer system unit, including the processor, memory, ports, expansion slots, and buses. It describes how the processor executes instructions through a sequence of four machine cycle operations. It compares various types of computer processors on the market and explains how memory stores data, instructions, and information. It also provides tips on cleaning the exterior and interior of the system unit.
This chapter discusses computer hardware components and input/output devices. It describes the system unit and its major components including the motherboard, CPU, memory, ports, and expansion slots. It explains how bits are used to represent data and the machine cycle that the CPU uses to process instructions. The chapter also covers different types of input devices like keyboards, mice, and touchscreens. It defines input as any data entered into the computer and identifies input sources.
This document provides an overview of the key components inside a computer system unit, including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, expansion slots, and power supply. It discusses the functions of these components and how they work together to process data. The document also describes different types of processors, memory, ports, and expansion cards that can be used to enhance system capabilities. Mobile computers and tablets are discussed, along with guidelines for selecting processor and memory configurations based on intended usage. Basic cleaning and maintenance of the system unit is also covered.
This document provides an overview of the key components inside a computer system unit, including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, expansion slots, and power supply. It discusses the functions of these components and how they work together to process data. The document also describes components specific to mobile computers like notebooks and tablets.
The document discusses various components of a computer system unit including processors, memory, ports, buses, and expansion slots. It addresses differences between desktop, notebook, and mobile device system units. Key components are described such as the motherboard with integrated circuits, the processor with a control unit and arithmetic logic unit, and various types of memory. Bits are defined as the basic unit of data represented by combinations of 1s and 0s. Instruction processing and memory access are outlined. Cooling systems for processors include heat sinks and liquid cooling.
The document discusses the key components of a computer system unit, including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, and expansion slots. It explains that the motherboard contains the processor, memory chips, and expansion slots. RAM is the primary memory that programs use to run, while ROM contains permanent instructions. Expansion slots allow additional capabilities via adapter cards. Common ports include serial, parallel, and USB, which connect external devices. The document provides details on each of these core internal and external computer components.
This chapter discusses the components inside a computer's system unit. It describes the motherboard and processor, including the control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory stores instructions and data and comes in volatile RAM and nonvolatile ROM varieties. Expansion slots hold adapter cards to add functions. Ports and connectors attach peripherals. Buses allow components to communicate. The power supply provides power and requires cooling.
The document describes various components inside the system unit of a computer. It discusses the central processing unit (CPU), memory, adapter cards, ports, drives, and motherboard. The CPU, also called the processor, interprets and carries out instructions. It contains a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory temporarily stores data and instructions and comes in various types like RAM, ROM, and cache. Adapter cards expand the computer's capabilities by providing additional functions. Ports and connectors allow external devices to connect to the system unit. The motherboard contains the CPU, memory, and holds adapter cards and expansion slots.
The document provides an overview of chapter 1 in a networking essentials textbook. It covers basic computer components and operations, networking fundamentals such as packets and frames, and common network terms. The chapter objectives are listed and the presentation slides cover input/output components, storage, processing, how the operating system interfaces with hardware, and examples of local area networks, wide area networks, and internetworks.
The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes that a computer system consists of a central processing unit (CPU), primary storage, secondary storage, input devices, output devices, and communication devices. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit and control unit. Primary storage includes random access memory and read-only memory. Secondary storage devices discussed include magnetic disks like hard disks and floppy disks, and optical disks like CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, CD-RWs, and DVD-ROMs. Input devices convert data for input and output devices convert electronic data for human understanding.
The document provides an overview of the objectives covered in Chapter 4, which include:
1. Identifying the components inside a computer system unit such as the drive bays, power supply, processor, and memory.
2. Describing the main components of the processor, including the control unit and arithmetic logic unit, and explaining the four steps of the machine cycle.
3. Explaining how data is represented digitally using bits and bytes and coding schemes like ASCII.
The document discusses the components inside a computer system unit. It describes the central processing unit (CPU), which includes the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit. The CPU fetches and decodes instructions from memory and executes them. Memory temporarily stores instructions and data and can be measured in kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes. The document also mentions other common internal components like the motherboard, ports, and buses that allow communication between components.
This chapter discusses the main hardware components of a computer system. It describes the three main parts as input, the system unit, and output. The system unit contains the major electronic components including the motherboard, processor, memory, ports, and removable storage. Common input devices are mice, keyboards, and scanners while output devices include monitors, printers, and speakers. The chapter explains how digital data is represented using binary numbers and stored in various types of memory.
The document discusses the fundamentals of computer systems, including definitions, components, and how they work together. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts input, processes it, and provides output. The key components are the input and output units, memory unit, CPU (consisting of the ALU and control unit), and secondary storage. The input and output units send and receive data, the memory unit temporarily stores programs and data, the CPU performs arithmetic/logical operations and coordinates tasks, and secondary storage provides long-term storage. Together these components work to accept user input, process the data, and provide the results.
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalRPeter Gallagher
In this session delivered at NDC Oslo 2024, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
2. Objectives Overview
Differentiate among various
styles of system units on
desktop computers,
notebook computers, and
mobile devices
Identify chips, adapter
cards, and other
components of a
motherboard
Describe the control unit
and arithmetic logic unit
components of a processor,
and explain the four steps in
a machine cycle
Identify characteristics of
various personal computer
processors on the market
today, and describe the
ways processors are cooled
Define a bit and describe
how a series of bits
represents data
Explain how program
instructions transfer in and
out of memory
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 2
See Page 209
for Detailed Objectives
3. Objectives Overview
Differentiate among the various
types of memory
Describe the purpose and types
of expansion slots and adapter
cards, and differentiate among
slots for various removable flash
memory devices
Differentiate between a port and
a connector, and explain the
differences among a USB port,
FireWire port, Bluetooth port,
SCSI port, eSATA port, IrDA port,
serial port, and MIDI port
Describe the types of buses in a
computer
Explain the purpose of a power
supply and describe how it keeps
cool
Understand how to clean a
system unit on a computer or
mobile device
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 3
See Page 209
for Detailed Objectives
4. The System Unit
• The system unit is
a case that
contains
electronic
components of
the computer
used to process
data
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 4
Page 210
Figure 4-1
5. The System Unit
• The inside of the system unit on a desktop
personal computer includes:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 5
Page 211
Figure 4-2
Drive bay(s)
Power supply
Sound card
Video card
Processor
Memory
6. The System Unit
• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the
system unit
– A computer chip contains integrated circuits
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 6
Page 212
Figure 4-3
7. Processor
• The processor, also called the central processing
unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer
– Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit
(ALU)
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 7
Page 213
Multi-core
processor
Dual-core
processor
Quad-core
processor
9. Processor
• The control unit is the component of the
processor that directs and coordinates most of
the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 9
Page 214
10. Processor
• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of
four basic operations, which comprise a machine
cycle
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 10
Page 215
Figure 4-5
11. Processor
• Most current personal
computers support
pipelining
– Processor begins
fetching a second
instruction before it
completes the machine
cycle for the first
instruction
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 11
Pages 215 – 216
Figure 4-6
12. Processor
The processor contains registers, that
temporarily hold data and instructions
The system clock controls the timing
of all computer operations
• The pace of the system clock is called the clock
speed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz)
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 12
Page 216
13. Processor
• The leading
manufacturers of
personal computer
processor chips are Intel
and AMD
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 13
Pages 216 – 217
Figure 4-7
14. Processor
• Determine how you plan to use a new computer
before selecting a processor
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 14
Page 218
Figure 4-8
15. Processor
• A processor chip
generates heat that
could cause the chip to
burn up
• Require additional
cooling
– Heat sinks
– Liquid cooling
technology
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 15
Pages 219 - 220
Figures 4-9 – 4-10
16. Processor
• Parallel processing uses multiple processors
simultaneously to execute a single program or task
– Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of
processors
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 16
Page 220
Figure 4-11
17. Data Representation
Analog signals are continuous and vary in
strength and quality
Digital signals are in one of two states: on
or off
• Most computers are digital
• The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
• Bits and bytes
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 17
Page 221
18. Data Representation
A computer circuit represents
the 0 or the 1 electronically by
the presence or absence of an
electrical charge
Eight bits grouped together as a
unit are called a byte. A byte
represents a single character in
the computer
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 18
Page 221
Figures 4-12 – 4-13
19. Data Representation
• ASCII (American
Standard Code for
Information
Interchange) is the most
widely used coding
scheme to represent
data
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 19
Page 221
Figure 4-14
21. Memory
• Memory consists of electronic components that
store instructions waiting to be executed by the
processor, data needed by those instructions, and
the results of processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 21
Page 223
The operating
system and other
system software
Application
programs
Data being
processed and the
resulting
information
22. Memory
• Each location in memory has an address
• Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K),
megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes
(TB)
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 22
Page 223
Figure 4-17
23. Memory
• The system unit contains two types of memory:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 23
Pages 223 - 224
Volatile memory
Loses its contents when
power is turned off
Example includes RAM
Nonvolatile memory
Does not lose contents
when power is removed
Examples include ROM,
flash memory, and
CMOS
26. Memory
• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module
and are inserted into memory slots
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 26
Page 225
Figure 4-20
27. Memory
• The amount of RAM necessary in a computer
often depends on the types of software you plan
to use
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 27
Page 226
Figure 4-21
28. Memory
• Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer
because it stores frequently used instructions and data
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 28
Page 227
Figure 4-22
29. Memory
Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips
storing permanent data and instructions
• Firmware
A PROM (programmable read-only memory) chip is
a blank ROM chip that can be written to
permanently
• EEPROM can be erased
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 29
Page 228
30. Memory
• Flash memory can be erased electronically and
rewritten
– CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes
little power
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 30
Pages 228 – 229
Figure 4-23
31. Memory
• Access time is the amount of time it takes the
processor to read from memory
– Measured in nanoseconds
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 31
Page 229
Figures 4-24 – 4-25
32. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• An expansion slot is a
socket on the motherboard
that can hold an adapter
card
• An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of
the system unit and/or
provides connections to
peripherals
– Sound card and video card
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 32
Page 230
Figure 4-26
33. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• With Plug and Play, the computer automatically
can configure adapter cards and other peripherals
as you install them
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 33
Pages 230 – 231
Figure 4-27
34. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• Removable flash memory includes:
– Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC
Cards/ExpressCard modules
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 34
Page 231
Figure 4-28
35. Ports and Connectors
A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or
communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred
to as a jack)
A connector joins a cable to a port
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 35
Page 232
37. Ports and Connectors
• On a notebook computer, the ports are on the
back, front, and/or sides
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 37
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Figure 4-30
39. Ports and Connectors
• A USB port can connect up to 127 different
peripherals together with a single connector
– You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB
port with a USB hub
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 39
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Figure 4-32
40. Ports and Connectors
• Other types of ports include:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 40
Pages 234 - 236
Firewire
port
Bluetooth
port
SCSI port
eSATA
port
IrDA port Serial port
MIDI port
41. Ports and Connectors
A Bluetooth wireless port
adapter converts a USB port into
a Bluetooth port
A smart phone might
communicate with a notebook
computer using an IrDA port
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 41
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Figures 4-33 – 4-34
42. Ports and Connectors
• A port replicator is an
external device that
provides connections to
peripherals through ports
built into the device
• A docking station is an
external device that
attaches to a mobile
computer or device
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Figure 4-35
43. Buses
• A bus allows the various
devices both inside and
attached to the system
unit to communicate with
each other
– Data bus
– Address bus
• Word size is the number
of bits the processor can
interpret and execute at a
given time
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 43
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Figure 4-36
44. Buses
• Expansion slots connect to expansion buses
• Common types of expansion buses include:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 44
Page 238
PCI bus
PCI Express
bus
Accelerated
Graphics Port
USB and
FireWire bus
PC Card bus
45. Bays
• A bay is an opening
inside the system unit in
which you can install
additional equipment
– A drive bay typically
holds disk drives
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 45
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Figure 4-37
46. Power Supply
The power supply converts the wall
outlet AC power into DC power
Some external peripherals have an AC
adapter, which is an external power
supply
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47. Putting It All Together
Home
Intel Core i5 or
Intel Core 2 i3 or
AMD Athlon II or
AMD Sempron
Minimum RAM: 2 GB
Small Office/
Home Office
Intel Core i7 or
Intel Core i7 Extreme or
AMD Phenom II or
AMD Athlon II
Minimum RAM: 4 GB
Mobile
Intel Core i7 Extreme or
Intel Core i7 or
AMD Phenom II or
AMD Turion II
Minimum RAM: 2 GB
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 47
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Figure 4-38
48. Putting It All Together
Power
Intel Xeon or
Intel Itanium or
AMD Opteron
Minimum RAM: 8 GB
Enterprise
Intel Core i7 or
Intel Core i7 Extreme
or AMD Phenom II or
AMD Athlon II
Minimum RAM: 4 GB
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 48
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Figure 4-38
49. Keeping Your Computer
or Mobile Device Clean
Clean your computer or mobile device once or twice a year
Turn off and unplug your computer or mobile device before
cleaning it
Use compressed air to blow away dust
Use an antistatic wipe to clean the exterior of the case and a
cleaning solution and soft cloth to clean the screen
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50. Video: The Leopard with a Time Machine
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 4 50
CLICK TO START
51. Summary
Components of the
system unit
How memory stores
data, instructions, and
information
Sequence of operations
that occur when a
computer executes an
instruction
Comparison of various
personal computer
processors on the
market today
How to clean the
exterior and interior of
a system unit
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Page 241