This document provides an overview and objectives for a lecture on computer hardware and components. It discusses the various parts inside a computer system unit including the motherboard, processor, memory, expansion slots, ports, buses, and power supply. The lecture describes how these components work together and interact to process data and run programs.
it's a powerpoint presentation of the 25th batch of the Dept. of Information Science and Library Management of the University of Dhaka.
hope,it will be helpful to the younger
it's a powerpoint presentation of the 25th batch of the Dept. of Information Science and Library Management of the University of Dhaka.
hope,it will be helpful to the younger
A+ certification (Core hardware) Pc Maintenance muhammadishrat11
What does A+ Certification mean?
The A+ certification is a basic certification that demonstrates proficiency with computer hardware and operating systems (OS). It is governed by nonprofit trade association CompTIA. The A+ certification helps prove the recipient's proficiency with the use of computers and related devices.
Techopedia explains A+ Certification
Core elements of A+ certification criteria include knowledge of computer anatomy, which is why many experts suggest that those pursuing this credential practice assembling and disassembling a physical computer. Other areas involve operating systems (OS) and knowledge of Microsoft products. Those seeking A+ certification also should be knowledgeable about certain tasks, like booting up a computer with various installed operating systems (OS).
In addition to hardware configuration aspects, the A+ test also covers computer data usage elements, such as the basic structure of binary data and various aspects of file input/output (I/O). Test prep materials and other resources showing specific A+ certification test topics are available.
“Computer is an electronic machine that can store, recall and process data. It can perform
tasks or complex calculation according to a set of instructions or programs. The terms and definitions used in computer system
Computer is a device that can process information. Bus, power supply, ports and other peripherals such as modems etc. form the components of a computer.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Course Code: CS-301
Book: Introduction to Computing.
Chapter Number 1: Introduction to Computer Systems.
Degree: BS (SE, CS, BIO)
Contents:
This chapter will cover the following topics:
1.Computer Hardware and Information Technology Infrastructure
2. The Computer System
3. How Computers Represent Data
4. The CPU and Primary Storage
5. Microprocessors and Processing Power
6. Multiple Processors and Parallel Processing
7. Storage Input, and Output Technology
8. Secondary Storage Technology
9. Input and Output Devices
10. Categories of Computers and Computer Systems
11. Computer Software
The presentation given at MSBTE sponsored content updating program on 'PC Maintenance and Troubleshooting' for Diploma Engineering teachers of Maharashtra.
Venue: Government Polytechnic, Nashik
Date: 17/01/2011
Session-1: Introduction to Computers.
Input computer hardware notes for UCEand UACE ICTMukalele Rogers
This is a presentation containing comprehensive notes on Computer Hardware Unit 1: Input Computer Hardware. For more presentations of this type, please go to http://rmukalele.hpage.com
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
System unit
WHAT IS DATA
DATA REPRESENTATION
WHAT IS BINARY
HOW TO MAKE BINARY
HOW IS A LETTER REPRESENTED IN SYSTEM PROCESSING?
WHAT IS STORAGE?
DIFFERENCE B/W MEMORY & STORAGE MEDIUM
TYPES OF STORAGE MEDIUM
1. Magnetic Tapes
2. Magnetic Disks
3. Optical Disks
A+ certification (Core hardware) Pc Maintenance muhammadishrat11
What does A+ Certification mean?
The A+ certification is a basic certification that demonstrates proficiency with computer hardware and operating systems (OS). It is governed by nonprofit trade association CompTIA. The A+ certification helps prove the recipient's proficiency with the use of computers and related devices.
Techopedia explains A+ Certification
Core elements of A+ certification criteria include knowledge of computer anatomy, which is why many experts suggest that those pursuing this credential practice assembling and disassembling a physical computer. Other areas involve operating systems (OS) and knowledge of Microsoft products. Those seeking A+ certification also should be knowledgeable about certain tasks, like booting up a computer with various installed operating systems (OS).
In addition to hardware configuration aspects, the A+ test also covers computer data usage elements, such as the basic structure of binary data and various aspects of file input/output (I/O). Test prep materials and other resources showing specific A+ certification test topics are available.
“Computer is an electronic machine that can store, recall and process data. It can perform
tasks or complex calculation according to a set of instructions or programs. The terms and definitions used in computer system
Computer is a device that can process information. Bus, power supply, ports and other peripherals such as modems etc. form the components of a computer.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
Course Code: CS-301
Book: Introduction to Computing.
Chapter Number 1: Introduction to Computer Systems.
Degree: BS (SE, CS, BIO)
Contents:
This chapter will cover the following topics:
1.Computer Hardware and Information Technology Infrastructure
2. The Computer System
3. How Computers Represent Data
4. The CPU and Primary Storage
5. Microprocessors and Processing Power
6. Multiple Processors and Parallel Processing
7. Storage Input, and Output Technology
8. Secondary Storage Technology
9. Input and Output Devices
10. Categories of Computers and Computer Systems
11. Computer Software
The presentation given at MSBTE sponsored content updating program on 'PC Maintenance and Troubleshooting' for Diploma Engineering teachers of Maharashtra.
Venue: Government Polytechnic, Nashik
Date: 17/01/2011
Session-1: Introduction to Computers.
Input computer hardware notes for UCEand UACE ICTMukalele Rogers
This is a presentation containing comprehensive notes on Computer Hardware Unit 1: Input Computer Hardware. For more presentations of this type, please go to http://rmukalele.hpage.com
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
System unit
WHAT IS DATA
DATA REPRESENTATION
WHAT IS BINARY
HOW TO MAKE BINARY
HOW IS A LETTER REPRESENTED IN SYSTEM PROCESSING?
WHAT IS STORAGE?
DIFFERENCE B/W MEMORY & STORAGE MEDIUM
TYPES OF STORAGE MEDIUM
1. Magnetic Tapes
2. Magnetic Disks
3. Optical Disks
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Living in a Digital World
Discovering
Computers 2010
3. Objectives Overview
Differentiate among various
styles of system units on
desktop computers,
notebook computers, and
mobile devices
Identify chips, adapter
cards, and other
components of a
motherboard
Describe the control unit
and arithmetic logic unit
components of a processor,
and explain the four steps in
a machine cycle
Identify characteristics of
various personal computer
processors on the market
today, and describe the
ways processors are cooled
Define a bit and describe
how a series of bits
represents data
Explain how program
instructions transfer in and
out of memory
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
3See Page 209
for Detailed Objectives
4. Objectives Overview
Differentiate among the various
types of memory
Describe the purpose and types
of expansion slots and adapter
cards, and differentiate among
slots for various removable flash
memory devices
Differentiate between a port and
a connector, and explain the
differences among a USB port,
FireWire port, Bluetooth port,
SCSI port, eSATA port, IrDA port,
serial port, and MIDI port
Describe the types of buses in a
computer
Explain the purpose of a power
supply and describe how it keeps
cool
Understand how to clean a
system unit on a computer or
mobile device
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
4See Page 209
for Detailed Objectives
5. The System Unit
• The system unit is a case that contains electronic
components of the computer used to process data
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
5Page 210
Figure 4-1
6. The System Unit
• The inside of the system unit on a desktop
personal computer includes:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
6Page 211
Figure 4-2
Drive bay(s)
Power supply
Sound card
Video card
Processor
Memory
7. The System Unit
• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the
system unit
– A computer chip contains integrated circuits
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
7Page 212
Figure 4-3
8. Processor
• The processor, also called the central processing
unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer
– Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit
(ALU)
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
8Page 213
Multi-core
processor
Dual-core
processor
Quad-core
processor
10. Processor
• The control unit is the component of the
processor that directs and coordinates most of
the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
10Page 214
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 4, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Control Unit
below Chapter 4
11. Processor
• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of
four basic operations, which comprise a machine
cycle
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
11Page 215
Figure 4-5
12. Processor
• Most current personal
computers support
pipelining
– Processor begins
fetching a second
instruction before it
completes the machine
cycle for the first
instruction
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
12Pages 215 – 216
Figure 4-6
13. Processor
The processor contains registers, that
temporarily hold data and instructions
The system clock controls the timing
of all computer operations
• The pace of the system clock is called the clock
speed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz)
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
13Page 216
14. Processor
• Parallel processing uses multiple processors
simultaneously to execute a single program or task
– Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of
processors
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
14Page 220
Figure 4-11
15. Data Representation
Analog signals are continuous and vary in
strength and quality
Digital signals are in one of two states: on
or off
• Most computers are digital
• The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
• Bits and bytes
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
15Page 221
16. Data Representation
A computer circuit represents
the 0 or the 1 electronically by
the presence or absence of an
electrical charge
Eight bits grouped together as a
unit are called a byte. A byte
represents a single character in
the computer
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
16Page 221
Figures 4-12 – 4-13
17. Data Representation
• ASCII (American
Standard Code for
Information
Interchange) is the most
widely used coding
scheme to represent
data
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
17Page 221
Figure 4-14
19. Memory
• Memory consists of electronic components that
store instructions waiting to be executed by the
processor, data needed by those instructions, and
the results of processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
19Page 223
The operating
system and other
system software
Application
programs
Data being
processed and the
resulting
information
20. Memory
• Each location in memory has an address
• Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K),
megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes
(TB)
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
20Page 223
Figure 4-17
21. Memory
• The system unit contains two types of memory:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
21Pages 223 - 224
Volatile memory
Loses its contents when
power is turned off
Example includes RAM
Nonvolatile memory
Does not lose contents
when power is removed
Examples include ROM,
flash memory, and
CMOS
22. Memory
• Three basic types of RAM chips exist:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
22Page 225
Figure 4-19
Dynamic RAM
(DRAM)
Static RAM (SRAM)
Magnetoresistive
RAM (MRAM)
23. Memory
• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module
and are inserted into memory slots
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
23Page 225
Figure 4-20
24. Memory
• Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer
because it stores frequently used instructions and data
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
24Page 227
Figure 4-22
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 4, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Windows
ReadyBoost below Chapter 4
25. Memory
Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips
storing permanent data and instructions
• Firmware
A PROM (programmable read-only memory) chip is a
blank ROM chip that can be written to permanently
• EEPROM can be erased
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
25Page 228
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 4, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click ROM
below Chapter 4
26. Memory
• Flash memory can be erased electronically and
rewritten
– CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes
little power
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
26Pages 228 – 229
Figure 4-23
27. Memory
• Access time is the amount of time it takes the
processor to read from memory
– Measured in nanoseconds
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
27Page 229
Figures 4-24 – 4-25
28. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• An expansion slot is a
socket on the motherboard
that can hold an adapter
card
• An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of
the system unit and/or
provides connections to
peripherals
– Sound card and video card
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
28Page 230
Figure 4-26
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 4, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Video Cards
below Chapter 4
29. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• With Plug and Play, the computer automatically
can configure adapter cards and other peripherals
as you install them
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
29Pages 230 – 231
Figure 4-27
30. Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• Removable flash memory includes:
– Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC
Cards/ExpressCard modules
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
30Page 231
Figure 4-28
31. Ports and Connectors
A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or
communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred
to as a jack)
A connector joins a cable to a port
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
31Page 232
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 4, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Digital Audio Port
below Chapter 4
32. Buses
• A bus allows the various
devices both inside and
attached to the system
unit to communicate with
each other
– Data bus
– Address bus
• Word size is the number
of bits the processor can
interpret and execute at a
given time
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
32Page 237
Figure 4-36
33. Buses
• Expansion slots connect to expansion buses
• Common types of expansion buses include:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
33Page 238
PCI bus
PCI Express
bus
Accelerated
Graphics Port
USB and
FireWire bus
PC Card bus
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 4, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click FireWire
below Chapter 4
34. Bays
• A bay is an opening
inside the system unit in
which you can install
additional equipment
– A drive bay typically
holds disk drives
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
34Page 238
Figure 4-37
35. Power Supply
The power supply converts the wall
outlet AC power into DC power
Some external peripherals have an AC
adapter, which is an external power
supply
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
35Page 239
36. Putting It All Together
Home
Intel Core 2 Duo or Intel
Celeron Dual Core or
AMD Sempron
Minimum RAM: 2 GB
Small Office/
Home Office
Intel Core 2 Quad or
Intel Core 2 Extreme or
AMD Athlon FX or AMD
Athlon X2 Dual-Code
Minimum RAM: 4 GB
Mobile
Intel Core 2 Extreme or
AMD Turion X2
Minimum RAM: 2 GB
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
36Page 239
Figure 4-38
37. Putting It All Together
Power
Intel Itanium 2 or AMD
Quad Core Opteron or
Intel Quad Core Xeon or
Sun UltraSPARC T2
Minimum RAM: 8 GB
Enterprise
Intel Core 2 Quad or
Intel Core 2 Extreme or
AMD Athlon FX or AMD
Athlon X2 Dual-Core
Minimum RAM: 4 GB
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
37Page 239
Figure 4-38
38. Keeping Your Computer
or Mobile Device Clean
Clean your computer or mobile device once or twice a year
Turn off and unplug your computer or mobile device before
cleaning it
Use compressed air to blow away dust
Use an antistatic wipe to clean the exterior of the case and a
cleaning solution and soft cloth to clean the screen
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
38Page 240
39. Summary
Components of the
system unit
How memory stores
data, instructions, and
information
Sequence of operations
that occur when a
computer executes an
instruction
Comparison of various
personal computer
processors on the
market today
How to clean the
exterior and interior of
a system unit
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 4
39Page 241