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Chapter 4 The Components of the System Unit
Chapter 4 Objectives Differentiate among various styles of system units Identify chips, adapter cards, and other components of a motherboard Describe the components of a processor and how they complete a machine cycle Identify characteristics of various personal computer processors on the market today Define a bit and describe how a series of bits represents data Explain how programs transfer in and out of memory Differentiate among the various types of memory Describe the types of expansion slots and adapter cards Explain the differences among a serial port, a parallel port, a USB port, a FireWire port, and other ports Describe how buses contribute to a computer’s processing speed Identify components in mobile computers and mobile devices Understand how to clean a system unit Next
The System Unit ,[object Object],p. 184 Fig. 4-1 ,[object Object],[object Object],Next
The System Unit ,[object Object],p. 185 Fig. 4-2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
The System Unit ,[object Object],p. 186 Fig. 4-3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation,  then click Motherboards below Chapter
The System Unit ,[object Object],p. 186 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
Processor ,[object Object],Arithmetic  Logic Unit (ALU) p. 186 - 187 Fig. 4-4 Input Devices Storage Devices Output Devices ,[object Object],Memory Data Information Control  Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Processor Control  Unit Arithmetic  Logic Unit (ALU) Next Instructions Data Information Instructions Data Information
Processor ,[object Object],p. 187 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation,  then click Quad-Core Processors  below Chapter 4
Processor ,[object Object],p. 188 Fig. 4-5 Step 1.  Fetch   Obtain program instruction or data item from memory Step 2.  Decode   Translate instruction into commands Step 4.  Store   Write result to memory Step 3.  Execute   Carry out command ,[object Object],Processor Control Unit Memory ALU Next
Processor ,[object Object],p. 189 Fig. 4-6 ,[object Object],[object Object],Next
Processor ,[object Object],Stores location  from where instruction  was fetched Stores  instruction while it is  being decoded p. 189 Stores data  while ALU  computes it Stores results  of calculation ,[object Object],Next
Processor ,[object Object],p. 189 - 190 Each tick  is a  clock cycle Pace of system  clock is  clock speed Most clock speeds are  in the gigahertz (GHz)  range (1 GHz = one  billion ticks of system  clock per second) Processor speed can  also be measured in  millions of instructions  per second (MIPS) ,[object Object],[object Object],Next
Processor ,[object Object],p. 192 Fig. 4-8 Next
Processor ,[object Object],p. 193 Fig. 4-9 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
Processor ,[object Object],p. 194 Fig. 4-10 Control Processor results combined ,[object Object],[object Object],Next Processor 1 Memory Processor 2 Memory Processor 3 Memory Processor 4 Memory
Data Representation ,[object Object],p. 194 - 195 Fig. 4-11 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
Data Representation ,[object Object],p. 195 Fig. 4-12 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
Data Representation ,[object Object],p. 195 Fig. 4-13 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next ASCII Symbol EBCDIC 00110000 0 11110000 00110001 1 11110001 00110010 2 11110010 00110011 3 11110011
Data Representation ,[object Object],p. 196 Fig. 4-14 Step 3. The system unit converts the scan code for the capital letter  T  to its ASCII binary code (01010100) and stores it in memory for processing. Next Step 1. The user presses the capital letter  T  (SHIFT+T key) on the keyboard. Step 2. An electronic signal for the capital letter  T  is sent to the system unit. Step 4. After processing, the binary code for the capital letter  T  is converted to an image, and displayed on the output device.
Memory ,[object Object],p. 197 Fig. 4-15 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
Memory ,[object Object],p. 197 Fig. 4-16 ,[object Object],Next Term Abbreviation Approximate Size Kilobyte KB or K 1 thousand bytes Megabyte MB 1 million bytes Gigabyte GB 1 billion bytes Terabyte TB 1 trillion bytes
Memory ,[object Object],p. 198 - 199 The more RAM a  computer has, the  faster it responds Also called  main memory  or primary  storage Most RAM is  volatile, it is lost  when computer’s  power is  turned off Memory chips that can be  read from and written  to by processor Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation,  then click RAM below Chapter
Memory ,[object Object],p. 198 Fig. 4-17 Step 1.   When you start the computer, certain operating system files are loaded into RAM from the hard disk. The operating system displays the user interface on the screen. Operating system instructions Web browser  instructions Paint program instructions Operating system interface Web browser  window Paint program window Web browser program instructions are removed from RAM Web browser window is no longer displayed on desktop Step 2.   When you start a Web browser, the program’s instructions are loaded into RAM from the hard disk. The Web browser window is displayed on the screen. Step 3.   When you start a paint program, the program’s instructions are loaded into RAM from the hard disk. The paint program, along with the Web Browser and certain operating system instructions are in RAM. The paint program window is displayed on the screen. Step 4.   When you quit a program, such as the Web browser, its program instructions are removed from RAM. The Web browser is no longer displayed on the screen. Next RAM RAM
Memory Video: The Leopard with a Time Machine Next CLICK TO START
Memory ,[object Object],p. 199 Newer Type: Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) Dynamic  RAM  (DRAM) Must be  re-energized  constantly Do not have to be re-energized as often as DRAM Most  common  type Faster and  more reliable  than DRAM  chips Next ,[object Object]
Memory ,[object Object],p. 199 Fig. 4-18 ,[object Object],[object Object],Next
Memory ,[object Object],p. 199 ,[object Object],[object Object],Next
Memory ,[object Object],p. 200 Fig. 4-19 ,[object Object],Next RAM Use 1 GB or less 1 GB to 4 GB 4 GB and up ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Memory ,[object Object],p. 201 Fig. 4-20 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click  Web Link from left  navigation, then click  Windows ReadyBoost below Chapter 4
Memory ,[object Object],p. 201 - 202 Memory chips that store  permanent data  and instructions Nonvolatile memory , it is not  lost when computer’s  power is turned off Three types: Firmware — Manufactured with  permanently written  data, instructions,  or information EEPROM  (electrically  erasable programmable  read-only memory)— Type of PROM  containing microcode  programmer  can erase PROM  (programmable  read-only  memory)— Blank ROM  chip onto which  a programmer  can write permanently Next
Memory ,[object Object],p. 202 Fig. 4-21 Step 1. Purchase and download music tracks from a Web site. With one end of a special cable connected to the system unit, connect the other end to the USB port in the portable media player. Step 2. Instruct the computer to copy the music tracks to the flash memory chip in the portable media player. Step 3. Plug the headphones into the portable media player, push a button on the portable media player, and listen to the music through the earphones. ,[object Object],[object Object],Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation,  then click Flash Memory  below Chapter 4 MP3 Player flash memory chips USB port
Memory ,[object Object],p. 203 Next Uses battery  power to retain information when other power is turned off Stores date,  time, and  computer’s  startup  information C omplementary  m etal- o xide  s emiconductor memory Used in some  RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other types of memory chips
Memory ,[object Object],p. 203 Figs. 4-22-4-23 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next Term Speed Millisecond One-thousandth of a second Microsecond One-millionth of a second Nanosecond One-billionth of a second Picosecond One-trillionth of a second
Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards ,[object Object],p. 204 Fig. 4-24 ,[object Object],[object Object],Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation,  then click Video Cards  below Chapter 4
Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards ,[object Object],p. 204 - 205 Fig. 4-25 ,[object Object],[object Object],Next
Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards ,[object Object],p. 205  Fig. 4-26–4-27 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation,  then click ExpressCard Modules  below Chapter 4
Ports and Connectors ,[object Object],p. 206 Fig. 4-28 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
Ports and Connectors ,[object Object],p. 207 Fig. 4-29 Next
Ports and Connectors ,[object Object],p. 207 Fig. 4-30 ,[object Object],[object Object],Next
Ports and Connectors ,[object Object],p. 208 Fig. 4-31 ,[object Object],Next
Ports and Connectors ,[object Object],p. 208 USB  ( u niversal  s erial  b us)  port  can connect  up to 127 different peripherals together  with a single connector type USB 2.0 Third USB  device connects  to second USB  device, and so on Second USB  device connects  to first USB  device First USB  device connects  to USB port  on computer Single USB port can  be used to attach  multiple peripherals  in a daisy chain PCs typically have  six to eight USB ports  on front or back of  the system unit Next
Ports and Connectors ,[object Object],p. 208 - 209 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
Ports and Connectors ,[object Object],p. 209 - 210 Fig. 4-32 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 4, Click Web Link from left navigation,  then click MIDI Ports  below Chapter 4
Buses ,[object Object],p. 211 - 212 Fig. 4-35 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next
Buses ,[object Object],PC Card Bus p. 212 ,[object Object],USB Bus PCI Bus PCI    Express Bus AGP Bus Next
Bays ,[object Object],p. 212 Fig. 4-36 ,[object Object],[object Object],Next
Power Supply ,[object Object],p. 213 External peripherals might use an  AC adapter , which is an external power supply Next Converts AC Power into DC Power Fan keeps system unit components cool
Mobile Computers and Devices ,[object Object],p. 213 - 214 Fig. 4-37 ,[object Object],Next
Mobile Computers and Devices ,[object Object],p. 214 Fig. 4-38 Next
Mobile Computers and Devices ,[object Object],p. 214 Fig. 4-39 Next
Putting It All Together ,[object Object],p. 215 Fig. 4-40 Next
Keeping Your Computer Clean ,[object Object],p. 216 Fig. 4-41 ,[object Object],Next
Summary of the Components of the System Unit ,[object Object],How memory stores data, instructions, and information Sequence of operations that occur when a computer executes an instruction Comparison of various personal computer processors on the market today Chapter 4 Complete How to clean a system unit

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Chapter04

  • 1. Chapter 4 The Components of the System Unit
  • 2. Chapter 4 Objectives Differentiate among various styles of system units Identify chips, adapter cards, and other components of a motherboard Describe the components of a processor and how they complete a machine cycle Identify characteristics of various personal computer processors on the market today Define a bit and describe how a series of bits represents data Explain how programs transfer in and out of memory Differentiate among the various types of memory Describe the types of expansion slots and adapter cards Explain the differences among a serial port, a parallel port, a USB port, a FireWire port, and other ports Describe how buses contribute to a computer’s processing speed Identify components in mobile computers and mobile devices Understand how to clean a system unit Next
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  • 24. Memory Video: The Leopard with a Time Machine Next CLICK TO START
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