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Disaster managements PPT use in ANP ,community

The document provides an overview of disaster management. It begins with definitions of key terms like disaster, hazard, vulnerability and discusses how the interaction between hazards and vulnerability can result in disasters. It then classifies disasters into natural (meteorological, topographical, environmental) and man-made (technological, industrial, warfare) disasters. The document discusses the phases of disaster management including preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. It also covers medical and public health response to disasters and the impacts of disasters on public health. The vulnerability of India to various natural and man-made disasters is highlighted at the end.

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PG Student-Dr.Sagar Gaikwad PG Guide-Dr.Sarita Wadhva 1
Scope • Introduction • Definition • Classification & Types of Disasters • Disaster Management • Disaster Preparedness • Medical and Public Health Response • Public Health Impact of Disaster • Disaster Mitigation • Recent Disasters in India • Disaster Management in India • Areas of Concerns and Future • References 2 Scope
Scope • Disasters are as old as Mankind. • The first description of Disaster and its management comes from mythological “Noah” and his ark. • Similar Flood tales are widespread in- Greek Mythology, Puranas, Mesopotamian stories, and many cultures. 3 Introduction
Introduction 4 Etymology Originated from Greek dus = bad aster = star Calamity due to position of a planet or a star. Then evolved in Italian as disastro, To become French désastre (de.zastʁ). & then disaster .
Definition Disaster - Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.(WHO) A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or man made that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victim cannot alleviate without assistance. (American Red Cross) 5
Definition Hazard - Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people and their environment. “A hazard is natural event while the disaster is its consequence. A hazard is perceived natural event which threatens both life and property…… A disaster is a realization of this hazard.” -John Whittow • When hazard involves elements of risks, vulnerabilities and capacities, they can turn into disasters. • Hazards may be inevitable but disasters can be prevented. 6
Vulnerability Low High Very low Low Vulnerability 7 Capacity to cope High Low Exposure to Hazard High Low The propensity of things to be damaged by a hazard.
Disaster occurs when hazards meet vulnerability Progression of vulnerability Root causes Dynamic pressures Unsafe conditions Limited Access to - • Power • Structure • Resources Ideologies- • Political - system • Economic - system Lack of – •Local institutes •Training •Appropriate skills •Local investment •Local market •Media freedom •Ethical standards in public life Macro forces- •Rapid population growth •Rapid urbanization •Arms expenditure •Debt repayments •Deforestation •Decline in soil productivity Fragile physical environment •Dangerous locations •Unprotected buildings & infrastructure Fragile local - economy •Livelihoods at risk •Low income levels Vulnerable society •Special groups at risk Public actions •Lack of preparedness •Endemic disease Earthquake High winds Hurricane Cyclone Typhoon Flood Volcanic - eruptions Landslides Drought Virus Bacteria Pests Fire Chemicals Radiation Armed - conflicts Hazards NOT PREVENTED
9 C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f D i s a s t e r s Natural Disasters Meteorological Topographical Environmental Man made Disasters Technological Industrial Warfare
10 Meteorological Disasters • Floods • Tsunami • Cyclone • Hurricane • Typhoon • Snow storm • Blizzard • Hail storm Topographical Disasters • Earthquake • Volcanic Eruptions • Landslides and Avalanches • Asteroids • Limnic eruptions Environmental Disasters • Global warming • El Niño- Southern Oscillation • Ozone depletion- UVB Radiation • Solar flare
Technological • Transport failure • Public place failure • Fire Industrial • Chemical spills • Radioactive spills Warfare • War • Terrorism • Internal conflicts • Civil unrest • CBRNE 11
Disaster Management The body of policy and administrative decisions and operational activities that pertain to various stages of a disaster at all levels. An applied science which seeks, by systemic observation and analysis of disasters, to improve measures relating to prevention, emergency response, recovery and mitigation. Encompasses all aspects of planning for, and responding to disasters, including both pre and post disaster activities. 12
Disaster Management A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for- ● Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster. ● Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences. ● Capacity-building. ● Preparedness to deal with any disaster. ● Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. ● Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster. ● Evacuation, rescue and relief. ● Rehabilitation and reconstruction. 13
14 Integrated Disaster Management Prepared- ness Response Recovery Mitigation Activities prior to a disaster. • Preparedness plans • Emergency exercises • Training, • Warning systems Activities during a disaster. • Public warning systems • Emergency operations • Search & rescue Activities following a disaster. • Temporary housing • Claims processing • Grants • Medical care Activities that reduce effects of disasters • Building codes & zoning • Vulnerability analyses • Public education
15 Disaster management continuum PROACTIVE STRATEGY FUNDAMENTAL OF PROMPT & EFFECTIVE RESPONSE HOLISTIC AND CONTINUOS PROCESS Incident
PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Disaster Preparedness Disaster Impact Disaster Response Disaster Recovery Disaster Mitigation 16
Disaster Preparedness Disaster preparedness - is ongoing multisectoral activity. Integral part of the national system responsible for developing plans and programmes for disaster management, prevention, mitigation, response, rehabilitation and reconstruction. 17
Disaster Preparedness Co-ordination of a variety of sectors to carry out-  Evaluation of the risk.  Adopt standards and regulations.  Organize communication and response mechanism.  Ensure all resources- ready and easily mobilized.  Develop public education programmes.  Coordinate information with news media.  Disaster simulation exercises. 18
Medical Preparedness & Mass Casualty Management Developing and capacity building of medical team for Trauma & psycho-social care, Mass casualty management and Triage. Determine casualty handling capacity of all hospitals. Formulate appropriate treatment procedures. Involvement of private hospitals. Mark would be care centers that can function as a medical units. Identify structural integrity and approach routes. 19
Disaster Response Immediate reaction to disaster as the disaster is anticipated, or soon after it begins in order to assess the needs, reduce the suffering, limit the spread and consequences of the disaster, open up the way to rehabilitation. By- Mass evacuation Search and rescue Emergency medical services Securing food and water Maintenance of Law & Order 20
21 Disaster Impact & Response
Medical and Public Health response 22 • Pre-hospital emergency services -  Linkage to govt. incident command system.  External medical services and extrication workers.  Search and Rescue teams. • Assessment of immediate health needs. • Identification of medical & health resources. • Temporary field treatment Prompt and proper treatment to save lives.
Medical and Public Health response 23 Patient distribution & evacuation • Triage: French word meaning selection & classification Assigning priority for treatment and transport on the basis of severity of injuries & likelihood of survival when resources are insufficient for all to be treated immediately. • Tagging- for both patients and dead Bodies • Medical transportation Ground, Air and Heli ambulance Mobile surgical teams, Mobile hospitals. Red High Priority Yellow Medium priority Black Dead or moribund Patients Green Ambulatory Patients TRIAGE
Medical and Public Health response 24 Food safety and Water Safety Animal control- Carcasses can foul water, Zoonotic diseases. Vector control- Mosquito and Rodents Communicable disease control: Measles, diarrheal diseases, ARI, and malaria Breakdown in environmental safeguards. Crowding of persons in camps, Malnutrition. Waste management Temporary latrines Chemical toileting Sewage disposal damage.
Medical and Public Health response 25 Management of hazardous agent exposure Particular matter Also Infectious agents if hospital or scientific laboratories damaged Mental health Specialized psychological triage and treatment significant in terrorism. Information Behavioral Contagion handling Risk communication
Consequences of Disaster Health - Physical – Entanglement, Injuries, Disabilities, Coma ,Death. Psychological- Cognitive, Behavioral, Social. Structural Damage – to variable extent. Ecological- Changes in eco system. Economical-Financial losses. 26
Symptoms after disaster Physiological Symptoms • Fatigue • Shock symptoms • Profuse sweating • Fine motor tremors • Chills • Teeth grinding • Muscle aches • Dizziness Cognitive Symptoms • Memory loss • Distractibility • Reduced attention span • Decision making difficulties • Calculation difficulties • Confusing trivial with major issues Emotional Symptoms • Anxiety • Feeling overwhelmed • Grief • Identification with victims • Depression • Anticipation of harm to self or others • Irritability Behavioral Symptoms • Insomnia • Substance abuse • Gallows humor • Gait change • Ritualistic behavior • Hyper vigilance • Unwillingness to leave scene 27
Factors which may affect reactions Disaster Related Factors • Lack of warning • Scope of the event • Abrupt contrast of scene • Personal loss or injury • Type of disaster • Traumatic stimuli • Nature of the destructive agent • Human error • Time of occurrence • Lack of opportunity for effective action • Environment (temperature, humidity, pollution…) Host Related Factors • Health • Disabled, Invalid • Medical problems • Social • Lack of support network- Divorced, Widowed • Cultural: language barriers • Demographic • Age: younger and older have more difficulties • Sex: more stress in women, but more resilient • Past History • Traumatic events • Mental illness or emotional problems 28
Disasters and Diseases Epidemic diseases  May be consequences of disasters.  Some tend to become pandemics, to evolve as disaster Plague of Justinian from 541 to 750 AD , killed about 60% (100 Millions) of Europe's population. The Black Death of 1347 to 1352 AD killed 25 million in Europe . Spanish flu killed 50 million people in 1918-1919, more than those died in precedent First World War. 29
Communicable Diseases after Disasters Pre existing Diseases in the Population : dysentery, cholera, measles, tuberculosis, malaria, intestinal parasites, scabies, skin infections. Ecological Changes : Altered ecology- vector borne and water borne diseases Living conditions - plague, louse borne typhus and relapsing fever. Stray animals and wild animal displacement- rabies. Damage to public Utilities : Water supplies & sewage disposal disrupted. 30
Communicable Diseases after Disasters Population Movements :  Introduction of new disease or vector.  In settlements - diarrheal diseases , measles, viral hepatitis, whooping cough, malaria etc. Interruption in Public Health Services : Disruption of curative and preventive services. Interrupted vector control - malaria, dengue Interrupted immunization - measles, whooping cough, and diphtheria. Altered Individual Resistance to diseases : Malnutrition increases susceptibility to diseases . 31
Diseases after Man Made Disasters Will depend upon particular exposure type. Symptoms and diseases differ widely. Spectrum may range from simple non fatal injuries to chromosomal defects. Again technology that is capable of producing mass destruction weapons and developments in bio- technology leading to invention of deadly bio-attack organisms ,is of ever growing concern for world . 32
Other Public Health Impacts of Disasters Sexual violence Rape, Exploitation & Sexual violence Causes: Separation of women from family Weakened social structures Increased aggressive behavior Human right violations Torture of civilian Physical and psychological harms Sex trafficking Child labour Denial of basic needs 33
Mental Health Impact of Disasters Post traumatic stress disorder Stage one- Adrenergic surge. Stage two- Helplessness and a loss of self-control. Stage three - Despondency and demoralization. Children -Developmental age is more important Preschoolers- Increased arousal, fear. School-age children- reckless ,psychosomatic signs. Adolescents- some partake in rescue and recovery, regression & withdrawal possible. Elderly - increased risk for physical injury, than mental. 34
Rescue workers in Disaster Secondary victims of a disaster. Stress reactions seen in non-professionals. More emotional trauma if involved in a failed rescue attempts (especially if children are involved). Inexperienced body handlers become more sensitive. 19 August is observed as World Humanitarian Day in honour of aid workers, who lost their lives. 35
Disaster Recovery Repatriation - after the emergency is over, displaced people return to their place of origin. Rehabilitation -restoration of basic social functions. Providing temporary shelters, Stress debriefing for responders and victims, Economic Rehabilitation, Psycho-social Rehabilitation, Scientific Damage Assessment, Elements of recovery Community recovery (including psychological). Infrastructure recovery (services and lifelines). Economy recovery ( financial, political ). Environment recovery. 36
Reconstruction Rebuilding homes. Permanently repairing and rebuilding infrastructures. Elements - Owner Driven Reconstruction. Speedy Reconstruction. Linking Reconstruction with Safe Development. 37
Permanent reduction of risk of a disaster, to limit impact on human suffering and economic assets. Primary mitigation - reducing hazard & vulnerability. Secondary mitigation- reducing effects of hazard. Components: Reducing hazard - protection against threat by removing the cause of threat. Reducing vulnerability - reducing the effect of threat Natural hazards are inevitable, reduce vulnerability. 38 Disaster Mitigation
Components of Disaster Mitigation Hazard identification and mapping – Assessment – Estimating probability of a damaging phenomenon of given magnitude in a given area. Considerations- History Probability of various intensities Maximum threat Possible secondary hazards Vulnerability analysis – A process which results in an understanding of the types and levels of exposure of persons, property, and the environment to the effects of identified hazards at a particular time. 39
Components of Disaster Mitigation Risk analysis – Determining nature and scale of losses which can be anticipated in a particular area. Involves analysis of Probability of a hazard of a particular magnitude. Elements susceptible to potential loss/damage. Nature of vulnerability. Specified future time period. Prevention – Activities taken to prevent a natural phenomenon or potential hazard from having harmful effects on either people or economic assets. 40
41 Active measures • Promotion of desired actions by - • Planning control. • Training & education. • Economic assistance. • Subsidies. • Facilities-refugee points, storage. • Public information. Passive measures • Prevent undesired actions by - • Requirement to conform with design codes. • Checking compliance of controls on site. • Court proceedings • Fines, Closure orders • Control land use. • Denial of utilities in areas development undesired. Disaster Mitigation Measures
VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA Asian region is most disaster prone region with 60% of the major natural disasters of world. India is vulnerable in varying degrees to a large number of natural as well as man-made disasters. • 12 % land is prone to floods and river erosion. • 58 % landmass is prone to earthquakes. • 5,700 km coastline is prone to cyclones and tsunamis. • 68% cultivable area is vulnerable to drought. • Hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches. • Further, the vulnerability to Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) disasters and terrorism has also increased. 42
Major Disasters in India (last 40 years) S. N Event Year State & Area Effects 1 Drought 1972 Large part of country 200 million affected 2 Cyclone 1977 Andhra Pradesh 10,000 people & 40,000 cattle died 3 Drought 1987 15 states 300 million affected 4 Cyclone 1990 Andhra Pradesh 967 died. 435,000 acres land affected 5 Earthquake 1993 Latur, Maharashtra 7,928 people died.30,000 injured 6 Cyclone 1996 Andhra Pradesh 1000 people died.5,80,000 houses destroyed 7 Super cyclone 1999 Orissa Over 10,000 deaths 8 Earthquake 2001 Bhuj,Gujrat 13,805 deaths,6.3 millions affected 43
Major Disasters in India (last 40 years) S. N Event Year State & Area Effects 9 Tsunami 2004 Coastline TN, Kerala, AP, A&N islands & Puducherry 10,749 deaths.5,640 missing,2.79 Millions 10 Floods July 2005 Maharashtra 1094 deaths 167 injured, 54 missing 11 Earthquake 2008 Kashmir 1400 deaths 12 Kosi floods 2008 North Bihar 527 deaths,19,323 cattle died 13 Cyclone 2008 Tamilnadu 204 deaths 14 Krishna floods 2009 Andhrapradesh & Karnataka 300 died 15 Flash flood June 2013 Uttarakhand 5,700 deaths, 70,000 affected 16 Phailin Cyclone Oct 2013 Coastline of Orissa, Jharkhand 27 died, 10,00,000 evacuations 44
Floods, Mumbai, 26 July 2005 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Cyclone 29 Oct 1999 Flood, Assam & Bihar 2004 MAJOR DISASTERS (1980-2005) Earthquake Uttarkashi, 20 Oct 1991 Bhuj, Earthquake, 26 January, 2001 Avalanche Feb 2005 Earthquake, Latur, 30 Sept 1993 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Alia Cyclone 2009 Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Dec 1982 Earthquake, Oct, 2005 PHAILIN Cyclone 2013 Flood, Uttarakhand 2013 A f e w d i s a s t e r s i n 45
High Powered Committee set up in August 1999. Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry. Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in June 2002. National Disaster Management Authority established 28th September 2005. Inclusion of Disaster Management in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. On 23 December, 2005, Disaster Management Act . Developments in Disaster Management
Changes in Disaster Management in India Paradigm Shift Response centric to Holistic & Integrated Approach Backed By Institutional Framework Legal Authority Supported By Financial Mechanisms Creations of Separate Funds
Institutional Framework Disaster Management Structure NDMA Apex Body with Prime Minister as Chairperson. National Executive Committee - Secretaries of 14 Ministries and Chief of Integrated Defence Staff. Centre Level Central Ministries; National Disaster Management Authority, National Institute of Disaster Management National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). State Level SDMA headed by Chief Minister. State Executive Committee (SEC). District Level DDMA headed by District Magistrate. Interface between Govt. and Public. 48
Nodal Ministries related with Disasters 49 Type of Disaster Nodal Ministry Natural- Flood, Tsunami, Cyclone, Earthquake Manmade-Civil strife Home Affairs Drought Agriculture Biological, Epidemics Health & Family Welfare Chemical, Forest related Environment & Forest Nuclear Atomic Energy Air Accidents Civil Aviation Railway Accidents Railway Industrial Accidents Labour
Mitigation Projects • Cyclones - 308 Million US $.(World Bank) • Earthquakes - Rs. 1597 Cr. • Pilot Project for School Safety: Rs. 48 Cr. • Disaster Information & Communication Network - Rs. 821 Cr. Also projects are being implemented for-  Landslides.  Floods.  Medical Preparedness.  Creation of National Disaster Response Reserves 50
Disaster Management in Development • All new Projects/ Programmes will mandatorily have inbuilt disaster resilience. (at conceptualization level). • Planning Commission and the Ministry of Finance to give approval to the projects only if disaster resilience self certification is provided. • Ongoing Projects to be revisited to include disaster resilience audit. • Infrastructural loans to be sanctioned by the Banks only after due diligence on disaster resilience audit. 51
Disaster Management in Development • Existing Lifeline Projects to be selectively revisited and retrofitted. • Generation awareness by introduction of DM in education. • Documentation –India Disaster Report. • Training at community-PRI & Local self Govt. members 52
Disaster Management Training • NIDM provides Web based training courses. www.onlinenidm.gov.in • Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework 6 weeks course ; Fee 1500/- • Thematic- 9 Types; 4 weeks & Course fee Rs 1000/-  Damage and Reconstruction Needs Assessment  Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning  Risk Analysis  Community Based Disaster Risk Management  Climate Change & Disaster Risks  Financial Strategies for Managing the Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters  Earthquake Risk Reduction  Safe Cities  Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery & Reconstructions 53
Disaster Management Training • NIDM provides Web based training courses. • Satellite based demonstration cum Training Programme on Disaster Management conducted through Edu-SAT Network. • Self E-learning courses- @ www.nidmssp.in 1) Basics of Disaster Management 2) Community Based Disaster Risk Management(CBDRM) 3) A Guide for Civil Defense Volunteers 4) A Guide for Public Health Worker 5) School Safety 6) Introduction to Earthquake Risk Mitigation & Management 7) Introduction to Flood Risk Mitigation and Management 8) Introduction to Cyclone Risk Mitigation and Management 9) Introduction to Industrial Chemical Disaster Risk Mitigation and Management 10) Landslide Risk Mitigation and Management 54
Response and Rescue National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) Composition: 10 battalions Tasks- Specialized Response during disasters. Well equipped and trained in search and rescue. Assist in Community Training & Preparedness. Impart basic and operation level training to SDRF. Proactive Deployment during impending disaster situations. Liaison, Rehearsals and Mock Drills. 55
NDRF Battalions in India 56 Suradevi & Waregaon
MOCK DRILLS Mock Exercises (Districts & Schools) • Conducted so far 209 (including 80 Schools/ Colleges). • Community & First Responders: Sensitized 15.0 Lakhs. • Commonwealth Games - 55 mock drills. 57
Research Involvement of various Universities and Research Institutes to carry out research for Disaster Management • Case studies and lesson learnt exercises by NIDM • Preparation of Digital Maps. • Preparation of Upgraded Hazard Maps. • Development of GIS Platform for Vulnerability Analysis and Risk Assessment. • Seismic Microzonation. • Improved Modeling for Advanced Forecasting Capability. • National Disaster Management Information System (NDMIS). 58
Resource and Knowledge Network • India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN)  Inaugurated on 1st September 2003.  Web-enabled, centralized database for quick access to resources to minimize response time.  Updated every year ,at District & State level. 226 items, 69,329 records in 545 districts uploaded. • India Disaster Knowledge Network (IDKN) Web portal for knowledge collaboration, maps, networking, emergency contact information system . Goal - easy to use unified point of access to disaster management ,mitigation and response. IDKN is a part of South Asian Disaster Knowledge Network (SADKN). 59
Other Institutional Arrangements • Armed Forces • Central Para Military Forces • State Police Forces and Fire Services • Civil Defence and Home Guards • State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) • National Cadet Corps (NCC) • National Service Scheme (NSS) • Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS) 60
Stakeholders’ Participation • Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) • Public Private Partnership (PPP) • Media Partnership • Training of Communities • DM Education in Schools 61
62
International Co-operation UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) for all international disaster response. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), for mitigation and prevention aspects UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) System. Streamlining Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Response. The Asian Disaster Reduction Center in Kobe(1998) to enhance disaster resilience of the 30 member countries, to build safe communities, to create a society where sustainable development is possible. 63
Disaster Reduction Day • NIDM observes "Disaster Reduction Day" on the Second Wednesday of October. • UN General Assembly in 2009, designated October 13 as International Day for Disaster Reduction. • 2013 Theme -“Living with Disability and Disasters”. • Rallies and lectures for awareness for disaster reduction amongst youth, children and general people. 64
Disaster Management in Maharashtra • SDMA AND SDRF - At conceptual level. • EOC- Emergency operations Centre at Mantralaya. All disaster activities handled through Ministry of Relief and Rehabilitation. • Fire department – Urban Development Ministry. • PLAN – Relief commissioner in Mantralaya will be assisted by YASHADA • Supreme Court on 23, Sept. 2013 issued notice to the central government, disaster relief agencies, the meteorological department and some states including Maharashtra, to implement Disaster Management Act. 65
Disaster Management in Nagpur • Fire Extinguishing Department of Nagpur Municipal Corporation is dealing for preparation of a DM plan. • Disaster Management Cell in District Control Room situated in Office of the Collector, Nagpur • Phone/Fax - 0712-2562668 Toll Free No. – 1077 • 24 areas in Nagpur urban and 16 in rural are flood prone. Also remaining 12 Tahasils’ more or less flood prone areas. • The population at risk in geo-seismic regions 1. IA is 2,45,974 ( Wainganga Basin) and 2. IB is 1,20,657(Wardha Basin). • Also prone to Industrial Disasters – Low risk. • Extremist activities and Terrorist activities – Low risk 66
Areas of Concern Activating an Early Warning System network and its close monitoring. Mechanisms for integrating the scientific, technological and administrative agencies for effective disaster management. Terrestrial communication links which collapse in the event of a rapid onset disaster. Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (power supply, communication, water supply, transport, etc.) to disaster events 67
Areas of Concern Funding : Primacy of relief as disaster response. Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored. Lack of integrated efforts to collect and compile data, information and local knowledge on disaster history and traditional response patterns. Need for standardized efforts in compiling and interpreting geo-spatial data, satellite imagery and early warning signals. Weak areas - continue to be forecasting, modeling, risk prediction, simulation and scenario analysis, etc. 68
Areas of Concern Absence of a national level, state level, and district level directory of experts and inventory of resources. Lack of properly structured of National Disaster Management Plan, and State level and district level disaster management plans. Sustainability of efforts Effective Inter Agency Co-ordination and Standard Operating Procedures for stakeholder groups, especially critical first responder agencies. Lack of emergency medicine, critical care medicine, first aid facilities. 69
Future Directions • Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks. • Mobilize and train disaster volunteers for more effective preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence, Home guards). • Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability reduction. • Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness, mitigation and disaster response 70
Future Directions • Mobilizing stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions. • Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock drills and Scenario Analysis. • Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices • Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk Management. • Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child friendly, eco-friendly and disabled friendly disaster management • Technology driven but people owned. • Knowledge Management: Documentation and dissemination of good practices. 71
Future Directions • Mobilizing stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions. • Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock drills and Scenario Analysis. • Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices • Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk Management. • Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child friendly, eco-friendly and disabled friendly disaster management • Technology driven but people owned. • Knowledge Management: Documentation and dissemination of good practices. 72
New possibilities • Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission for 70 cities: recent experience of extreme weather conditions in a few major metros and megacities. • BRIMSTOWAD project in BrihanMumbai • 100,000 Rural Knowledge Centre's ( IT Kiosks): Spatial e-Governance for informed decision making in disaster-prone areas: before, during and after disasters 73
74 • FOR INFORMATION ON DISASTERS DIAL TOLL FREE No. 1070 • Contact NDMA Control Room 26701728,730;Fax-26701729 9868891801,9868101885 controlroom@ndma.gov.in; ndmacontrolroom@gmail.com WEBSITE • Republic of India-http:// ndma.gov.in
References 1. Risk reduction and emergency Preparedness, WHO six-year strategy for the health sector and community capacity development, ISBN 978 92 4 159589 6 © World Health Organization 2007. 2. Communicable diseases following natural disasters, Risk assessment and priority interventions, World Health Organization 2006. 3. Disaster Prevention and Preparedness, LECTURE NOTES For Health Science Students, Jimma University in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education 2006. Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. 4. Wallace/Maxcy-Rosenau-Last-Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Fifteenth edition,2008, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; United States of America. 5. K Park, Park’s Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine,22nd Edition 2013, Bhanot Publications, Jabalpur,India. 6. Position Paper on Crowd Management at Places of Mass Gatherings, 2013, NDMA downloads, assessed on 01/12/2013. 7. THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005, NO. 53 OF 2005, 23rd December, 2005, enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-sixth Year of the Republic of India. 75
References 8. Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment (ETAT), Manual for Participants, © World Health Organization 2005. 9. EMERGENCY SURGICAL CARE IN DISASTER SITUATIONS, WHO manual Surgical Care at the District Hospital (SCDH), a part of the WHO Integrated Management on Emergency and Essential Surgical Care (IMEESC) tool kit. 10. The Global Platform for Disaster Reduction, The official agenda for the 4th Session from Tuesday 21 to Thursday 23 May 2013,assessed on 05/012/2013. 11. National Policy on Disaster Management(NPDM) ,NDMA publication online assessed on 07/12/2013. 12. Public Health Risk Assessment and Interventions, Typhoon Haiyan,16 November 2013. 13. National Disaster Management Guidelines, Preparation of State Disaster Management Plans, July 2007,NDMA,GOI. 14. Disaster management and risk reduction: strategy and coordination; plan 2010-2011,International Federation of Red cross and Red Crescent Societies. 15. http://reliefweb.int/ assessed on 09/01/2014 76
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Disaster managements PPT use in ANP ,community

  • 1.
    PG Student-Dr.Sagar Gaikwad PGGuide-Dr.Sarita Wadhva 1
  • 2.
    Scope • Introduction • Definition •Classification & Types of Disasters • Disaster Management • Disaster Preparedness • Medical and Public Health Response • Public Health Impact of Disaster • Disaster Mitigation • Recent Disasters in India • Disaster Management in India • Areas of Concerns and Future • References 2 Scope
  • 3.
    Scope • Disasters areas old as Mankind. • The first description of Disaster and its management comes from mythological “Noah” and his ark. • Similar Flood tales are widespread in- Greek Mythology, Puranas, Mesopotamian stories, and many cultures. 3 Introduction
  • 4.
    Introduction 4 Etymology Originated from Greek dus= bad aster = star Calamity due to position of a planet or a star. Then evolved in Italian as disastro, To become French désastre (de.zastʁ). & then disaster .
  • 5.
    Definition Disaster - Any occurrencethat causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.(WHO) A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or man made that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victim cannot alleviate without assistance. (American Red Cross) 5
  • 6.
    Definition Hazard - Any phenomenonthat has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people and their environment. “A hazard is natural event while the disaster is its consequence. A hazard is perceived natural event which threatens both life and property…… A disaster is a realization of this hazard.” -John Whittow • When hazard involves elements of risks, vulnerabilities and capacities, they can turn into disasters. • Hazards may be inevitable but disasters can be prevented. 6
  • 7.
    Vulnerability Low High Very lowLow Vulnerability 7 Capacity to cope High Low Exposure to Hazard High Low The propensity of things to be damaged by a hazard.
  • 8.
    Disaster occurs whenhazards meet vulnerability Progression of vulnerability Root causes Dynamic pressures Unsafe conditions Limited Access to - • Power • Structure • Resources Ideologies- • Political - system • Economic - system Lack of – •Local institutes •Training •Appropriate skills •Local investment •Local market •Media freedom •Ethical standards in public life Macro forces- •Rapid population growth •Rapid urbanization •Arms expenditure •Debt repayments •Deforestation •Decline in soil productivity Fragile physical environment •Dangerous locations •Unprotected buildings & infrastructure Fragile local - economy •Livelihoods at risk •Low income levels Vulnerable society •Special groups at risk Public actions •Lack of preparedness •Endemic disease Earthquake High winds Hurricane Cyclone Typhoon Flood Volcanic - eruptions Landslides Drought Virus Bacteria Pests Fire Chemicals Radiation Armed - conflicts Hazards NOT PREVENTED
  • 9.
    9 C l as s i f i c a t i o n o f D i s a s t e r s Natural Disasters Meteorological Topographical Environmental Man made Disasters Technological Industrial Warfare
  • 10.
    10 Meteorological Disasters • Floods • Tsunami •Cyclone • Hurricane • Typhoon • Snow storm • Blizzard • Hail storm Topographical Disasters • Earthquake • Volcanic Eruptions • Landslides and Avalanches • Asteroids • Limnic eruptions Environmental Disasters • Global warming • El Niño- Southern Oscillation • Ozone depletion- UVB Radiation • Solar flare
  • 11.
    Technological • Transport failure • Publicplace failure • Fire Industrial • Chemical spills • Radioactive spills Warfare • War • Terrorism • Internal conflicts • Civil unrest • CBRNE 11
  • 12.
    Disaster Management The bodyof policy and administrative decisions and operational activities that pertain to various stages of a disaster at all levels. An applied science which seeks, by systemic observation and analysis of disasters, to improve measures relating to prevention, emergency response, recovery and mitigation. Encompasses all aspects of planning for, and responding to disasters, including both pre and post disaster activities. 12
  • 13.
    Disaster Management A continuousand integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for- ● Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster. ● Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences. ● Capacity-building. ● Preparedness to deal with any disaster. ● Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. ● Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster. ● Evacuation, rescue and relief. ● Rehabilitation and reconstruction. 13
  • 14.
    14 Integrated Disaster Management Prepared- ness Response Recovery Mitigation Activities prior toa disaster. • Preparedness plans • Emergency exercises • Training, • Warning systems Activities during a disaster. • Public warning systems • Emergency operations • Search & rescue Activities following a disaster. • Temporary housing • Claims processing • Grants • Medical care Activities that reduce effects of disasters • Building codes & zoning • Vulnerability analyses • Public education
  • 15.
    15 Disaster management continuum PROACTIVESTRATEGY FUNDAMENTAL OF PROMPT & EFFECTIVE RESPONSE HOLISTIC AND CONTINUOS PROCESS Incident
  • 16.
    PHASES OF DISASTERMANAGEMENT Disaster Preparedness Disaster Impact Disaster Response Disaster Recovery Disaster Mitigation 16
  • 17.
    Disaster Preparedness Disaster preparedness- is ongoing multisectoral activity. Integral part of the national system responsible for developing plans and programmes for disaster management, prevention, mitigation, response, rehabilitation and reconstruction. 17
  • 18.
    Disaster Preparedness Co-ordination ofa variety of sectors to carry out-  Evaluation of the risk.  Adopt standards and regulations.  Organize communication and response mechanism.  Ensure all resources- ready and easily mobilized.  Develop public education programmes.  Coordinate information with news media.  Disaster simulation exercises. 18
  • 19.
    Medical Preparedness & MassCasualty Management Developing and capacity building of medical team for Trauma & psycho-social care, Mass casualty management and Triage. Determine casualty handling capacity of all hospitals. Formulate appropriate treatment procedures. Involvement of private hospitals. Mark would be care centers that can function as a medical units. Identify structural integrity and approach routes. 19
  • 20.
    Disaster Response Immediate reactionto disaster as the disaster is anticipated, or soon after it begins in order to assess the needs, reduce the suffering, limit the spread and consequences of the disaster, open up the way to rehabilitation. By- Mass evacuation Search and rescue Emergency medical services Securing food and water Maintenance of Law & Order 20
  • 21.
  • 22.
    Medical and PublicHealth response 22 • Pre-hospital emergency services -  Linkage to govt. incident command system.  External medical services and extrication workers.  Search and Rescue teams. • Assessment of immediate health needs. • Identification of medical & health resources. • Temporary field treatment Prompt and proper treatment to save lives.
  • 23.
    Medical and PublicHealth response 23 Patient distribution & evacuation • Triage: French word meaning selection & classification Assigning priority for treatment and transport on the basis of severity of injuries & likelihood of survival when resources are insufficient for all to be treated immediately. • Tagging- for both patients and dead Bodies • Medical transportation Ground, Air and Heli ambulance Mobile surgical teams, Mobile hospitals. Red High Priority Yellow Medium priority Black Dead or moribund Patients Green Ambulatory Patients TRIAGE
  • 24.
    Medical and PublicHealth response 24 Food safety and Water Safety Animal control- Carcasses can foul water, Zoonotic diseases. Vector control- Mosquito and Rodents Communicable disease control: Measles, diarrheal diseases, ARI, and malaria Breakdown in environmental safeguards. Crowding of persons in camps, Malnutrition. Waste management Temporary latrines Chemical toileting Sewage disposal damage.
  • 25.
    Medical and PublicHealth response 25 Management of hazardous agent exposure Particular matter Also Infectious agents if hospital or scientific laboratories damaged Mental health Specialized psychological triage and treatment significant in terrorism. Information Behavioral Contagion handling Risk communication
  • 26.
    Consequences of Disaster Health- Physical – Entanglement, Injuries, Disabilities, Coma ,Death. Psychological- Cognitive, Behavioral, Social. Structural Damage – to variable extent. Ecological- Changes in eco system. Economical-Financial losses. 26
  • 27.
    Symptoms after disaster Physiological Symptoms •Fatigue • Shock symptoms • Profuse sweating • Fine motor tremors • Chills • Teeth grinding • Muscle aches • Dizziness Cognitive Symptoms • Memory loss • Distractibility • Reduced attention span • Decision making difficulties • Calculation difficulties • Confusing trivial with major issues Emotional Symptoms • Anxiety • Feeling overwhelmed • Grief • Identification with victims • Depression • Anticipation of harm to self or others • Irritability Behavioral Symptoms • Insomnia • Substance abuse • Gallows humor • Gait change • Ritualistic behavior • Hyper vigilance • Unwillingness to leave scene 27
  • 28.
    Factors which mayaffect reactions Disaster Related Factors • Lack of warning • Scope of the event • Abrupt contrast of scene • Personal loss or injury • Type of disaster • Traumatic stimuli • Nature of the destructive agent • Human error • Time of occurrence • Lack of opportunity for effective action • Environment (temperature, humidity, pollution…) Host Related Factors • Health • Disabled, Invalid • Medical problems • Social • Lack of support network- Divorced, Widowed • Cultural: language barriers • Demographic • Age: younger and older have more difficulties • Sex: more stress in women, but more resilient • Past History • Traumatic events • Mental illness or emotional problems 28
  • 29.
    Disasters and Diseases Epidemicdiseases  May be consequences of disasters.  Some tend to become pandemics, to evolve as disaster Plague of Justinian from 541 to 750 AD , killed about 60% (100 Millions) of Europe's population. The Black Death of 1347 to 1352 AD killed 25 million in Europe . Spanish flu killed 50 million people in 1918-1919, more than those died in precedent First World War. 29
  • 30.
    Communicable Diseases afterDisasters Pre existing Diseases in the Population : dysentery, cholera, measles, tuberculosis, malaria, intestinal parasites, scabies, skin infections. Ecological Changes : Altered ecology- vector borne and water borne diseases Living conditions - plague, louse borne typhus and relapsing fever. Stray animals and wild animal displacement- rabies. Damage to public Utilities : Water supplies & sewage disposal disrupted. 30
  • 31.
    Communicable Diseases afterDisasters Population Movements :  Introduction of new disease or vector.  In settlements - diarrheal diseases , measles, viral hepatitis, whooping cough, malaria etc. Interruption in Public Health Services : Disruption of curative and preventive services. Interrupted vector control - malaria, dengue Interrupted immunization - measles, whooping cough, and diphtheria. Altered Individual Resistance to diseases : Malnutrition increases susceptibility to diseases . 31
  • 32.
    Diseases after ManMade Disasters Will depend upon particular exposure type. Symptoms and diseases differ widely. Spectrum may range from simple non fatal injuries to chromosomal defects. Again technology that is capable of producing mass destruction weapons and developments in bio- technology leading to invention of deadly bio-attack organisms ,is of ever growing concern for world . 32
  • 33.
    Other Public HealthImpacts of Disasters Sexual violence Rape, Exploitation & Sexual violence Causes: Separation of women from family Weakened social structures Increased aggressive behavior Human right violations Torture of civilian Physical and psychological harms Sex trafficking Child labour Denial of basic needs 33
  • 34.
    Mental Health Impactof Disasters Post traumatic stress disorder Stage one- Adrenergic surge. Stage two- Helplessness and a loss of self-control. Stage three - Despondency and demoralization. Children -Developmental age is more important Preschoolers- Increased arousal, fear. School-age children- reckless ,psychosomatic signs. Adolescents- some partake in rescue and recovery, regression & withdrawal possible. Elderly - increased risk for physical injury, than mental. 34
  • 35.
    Rescue workers inDisaster Secondary victims of a disaster. Stress reactions seen in non-professionals. More emotional trauma if involved in a failed rescue attempts (especially if children are involved). Inexperienced body handlers become more sensitive. 19 August is observed as World Humanitarian Day in honour of aid workers, who lost their lives. 35
  • 36.
    Disaster Recovery Repatriation -after the emergency is over, displaced people return to their place of origin. Rehabilitation -restoration of basic social functions. Providing temporary shelters, Stress debriefing for responders and victims, Economic Rehabilitation, Psycho-social Rehabilitation, Scientific Damage Assessment, Elements of recovery Community recovery (including psychological). Infrastructure recovery (services and lifelines). Economy recovery ( financial, political ). Environment recovery. 36
  • 37.
    Reconstruction Rebuilding homes. Permanently repairingand rebuilding infrastructures. Elements - Owner Driven Reconstruction. Speedy Reconstruction. Linking Reconstruction with Safe Development. 37
  • 38.
    Permanent reduction ofrisk of a disaster, to limit impact on human suffering and economic assets. Primary mitigation - reducing hazard & vulnerability. Secondary mitigation- reducing effects of hazard. Components: Reducing hazard - protection against threat by removing the cause of threat. Reducing vulnerability - reducing the effect of threat Natural hazards are inevitable, reduce vulnerability. 38 Disaster Mitigation
  • 39.
    Components of DisasterMitigation Hazard identification and mapping – Assessment – Estimating probability of a damaging phenomenon of given magnitude in a given area. Considerations- History Probability of various intensities Maximum threat Possible secondary hazards Vulnerability analysis – A process which results in an understanding of the types and levels of exposure of persons, property, and the environment to the effects of identified hazards at a particular time. 39
  • 40.
    Components of DisasterMitigation Risk analysis – Determining nature and scale of losses which can be anticipated in a particular area. Involves analysis of Probability of a hazard of a particular magnitude. Elements susceptible to potential loss/damage. Nature of vulnerability. Specified future time period. Prevention – Activities taken to prevent a natural phenomenon or potential hazard from having harmful effects on either people or economic assets. 40
  • 41.
    41 Active measures • Promotionof desired actions by - • Planning control. • Training & education. • Economic assistance. • Subsidies. • Facilities-refugee points, storage. • Public information. Passive measures • Prevent undesired actions by - • Requirement to conform with design codes. • Checking compliance of controls on site. • Court proceedings • Fines, Closure orders • Control land use. • Denial of utilities in areas development undesired. Disaster Mitigation Measures
  • 42.
    VULNERABILITY PROFILE OFINDIA Asian region is most disaster prone region with 60% of the major natural disasters of world. India is vulnerable in varying degrees to a large number of natural as well as man-made disasters. • 12 % land is prone to floods and river erosion. • 58 % landmass is prone to earthquakes. • 5,700 km coastline is prone to cyclones and tsunamis. • 68% cultivable area is vulnerable to drought. • Hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches. • Further, the vulnerability to Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) disasters and terrorism has also increased. 42
  • 43.
    Major Disasters inIndia (last 40 years) S. N Event Year State & Area Effects 1 Drought 1972 Large part of country 200 million affected 2 Cyclone 1977 Andhra Pradesh 10,000 people & 40,000 cattle died 3 Drought 1987 15 states 300 million affected 4 Cyclone 1990 Andhra Pradesh 967 died. 435,000 acres land affected 5 Earthquake 1993 Latur, Maharashtra 7,928 people died.30,000 injured 6 Cyclone 1996 Andhra Pradesh 1000 people died.5,80,000 houses destroyed 7 Super cyclone 1999 Orissa Over 10,000 deaths 8 Earthquake 2001 Bhuj,Gujrat 13,805 deaths,6.3 millions affected 43
  • 44.
    Major Disasters inIndia (last 40 years) S. N Event Year State & Area Effects 9 Tsunami 2004 Coastline TN, Kerala, AP, A&N islands & Puducherry 10,749 deaths.5,640 missing,2.79 Millions 10 Floods July 2005 Maharashtra 1094 deaths 167 injured, 54 missing 11 Earthquake 2008 Kashmir 1400 deaths 12 Kosi floods 2008 North Bihar 527 deaths,19,323 cattle died 13 Cyclone 2008 Tamilnadu 204 deaths 14 Krishna floods 2009 Andhrapradesh & Karnataka 300 died 15 Flash flood June 2013 Uttarakhand 5,700 deaths, 70,000 affected 16 Phailin Cyclone Oct 2013 Coastline of Orissa, Jharkhand 27 died, 10,00,000 evacuations 44
  • 45.
    Floods, Mumbai, 26 July 2005 Tsunami 26Dec 2004 Cyclone 29 Oct 1999 Flood, Assam & Bihar 2004 MAJOR DISASTERS (1980-2005) Earthquake Uttarkashi, 20 Oct 1991 Bhuj, Earthquake, 26 January, 2001 Avalanche Feb 2005 Earthquake, Latur, 30 Sept 1993 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Alia Cyclone 2009 Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Dec 1982 Earthquake, Oct, 2005 PHAILIN Cyclone 2013 Flood, Uttarakhand 2013 A f e w d i s a s t e r s i n 45
  • 46.
    High Powered Committeeset up in August 1999. Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry. Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in June 2002. National Disaster Management Authority established 28th September 2005. Inclusion of Disaster Management in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. On 23 December, 2005, Disaster Management Act . Developments in Disaster Management
  • 47.
    Changes in DisasterManagement in India Paradigm Shift Response centric to Holistic & Integrated Approach Backed By Institutional Framework Legal Authority Supported By Financial Mechanisms Creations of Separate Funds
  • 48.
    Institutional Framework Disaster ManagementStructure NDMA Apex Body with Prime Minister as Chairperson. National Executive Committee - Secretaries of 14 Ministries and Chief of Integrated Defence Staff. Centre Level Central Ministries; National Disaster Management Authority, National Institute of Disaster Management National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). State Level SDMA headed by Chief Minister. State Executive Committee (SEC). District Level DDMA headed by District Magistrate. Interface between Govt. and Public. 48
  • 49.
    Nodal Ministries relatedwith Disasters 49 Type of Disaster Nodal Ministry Natural- Flood, Tsunami, Cyclone, Earthquake Manmade-Civil strife Home Affairs Drought Agriculture Biological, Epidemics Health & Family Welfare Chemical, Forest related Environment & Forest Nuclear Atomic Energy Air Accidents Civil Aviation Railway Accidents Railway Industrial Accidents Labour
  • 50.
    Mitigation Projects • Cyclones- 308 Million US $.(World Bank) • Earthquakes - Rs. 1597 Cr. • Pilot Project for School Safety: Rs. 48 Cr. • Disaster Information & Communication Network - Rs. 821 Cr. Also projects are being implemented for-  Landslides.  Floods.  Medical Preparedness.  Creation of National Disaster Response Reserves 50
  • 51.
    Disaster Management inDevelopment • All new Projects/ Programmes will mandatorily have inbuilt disaster resilience. (at conceptualization level). • Planning Commission and the Ministry of Finance to give approval to the projects only if disaster resilience self certification is provided. • Ongoing Projects to be revisited to include disaster resilience audit. • Infrastructural loans to be sanctioned by the Banks only after due diligence on disaster resilience audit. 51
  • 52.
    Disaster Management inDevelopment • Existing Lifeline Projects to be selectively revisited and retrofitted. • Generation awareness by introduction of DM in education. • Documentation –India Disaster Report. • Training at community-PRI & Local self Govt. members 52
  • 53.
    Disaster Management Training •NIDM provides Web based training courses. www.onlinenidm.gov.in • Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework 6 weeks course ; Fee 1500/- • Thematic- 9 Types; 4 weeks & Course fee Rs 1000/-  Damage and Reconstruction Needs Assessment  Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning  Risk Analysis  Community Based Disaster Risk Management  Climate Change & Disaster Risks  Financial Strategies for Managing the Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters  Earthquake Risk Reduction  Safe Cities  Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery & Reconstructions 53
  • 54.
    Disaster Management Training •NIDM provides Web based training courses. • Satellite based demonstration cum Training Programme on Disaster Management conducted through Edu-SAT Network. • Self E-learning courses- @ www.nidmssp.in 1) Basics of Disaster Management 2) Community Based Disaster Risk Management(CBDRM) 3) A Guide for Civil Defense Volunteers 4) A Guide for Public Health Worker 5) School Safety 6) Introduction to Earthquake Risk Mitigation & Management 7) Introduction to Flood Risk Mitigation and Management 8) Introduction to Cyclone Risk Mitigation and Management 9) Introduction to Industrial Chemical Disaster Risk Mitigation and Management 10) Landslide Risk Mitigation and Management 54
  • 55.
    Response and Rescue NationalDisaster Response Force (NDRF) Composition: 10 battalions Tasks- Specialized Response during disasters. Well equipped and trained in search and rescue. Assist in Community Training & Preparedness. Impart basic and operation level training to SDRF. Proactive Deployment during impending disaster situations. Liaison, Rehearsals and Mock Drills. 55
  • 56.
    NDRF Battalions inIndia 56 Suradevi & Waregaon
  • 57.
    MOCK DRILLS Mock Exercises(Districts & Schools) • Conducted so far 209 (including 80 Schools/ Colleges). • Community & First Responders: Sensitized 15.0 Lakhs. • Commonwealth Games - 55 mock drills. 57
  • 58.
    Research Involvement of variousUniversities and Research Institutes to carry out research for Disaster Management • Case studies and lesson learnt exercises by NIDM • Preparation of Digital Maps. • Preparation of Upgraded Hazard Maps. • Development of GIS Platform for Vulnerability Analysis and Risk Assessment. • Seismic Microzonation. • Improved Modeling for Advanced Forecasting Capability. • National Disaster Management Information System (NDMIS). 58
  • 59.
    Resource and KnowledgeNetwork • India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN)  Inaugurated on 1st September 2003.  Web-enabled, centralized database for quick access to resources to minimize response time.  Updated every year ,at District & State level. 226 items, 69,329 records in 545 districts uploaded. • India Disaster Knowledge Network (IDKN) Web portal for knowledge collaboration, maps, networking, emergency contact information system . Goal - easy to use unified point of access to disaster management ,mitigation and response. IDKN is a part of South Asian Disaster Knowledge Network (SADKN). 59
  • 60.
    Other Institutional Arrangements •Armed Forces • Central Para Military Forces • State Police Forces and Fire Services • Civil Defence and Home Guards • State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) • National Cadet Corps (NCC) • National Service Scheme (NSS) • Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS) 60
  • 61.
    Stakeholders’ Participation • CorporateSocial Responsibility (CSR) • Public Private Partnership (PPP) • Media Partnership • Training of Communities • DM Education in Schools 61
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  • 63.
    International Co-operation UN Officefor Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) for all international disaster response. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), for mitigation and prevention aspects UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) System. Streamlining Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Response. The Asian Disaster Reduction Center in Kobe(1998) to enhance disaster resilience of the 30 member countries, to build safe communities, to create a society where sustainable development is possible. 63
  • 64.
    Disaster Reduction Day •NIDM observes "Disaster Reduction Day" on the Second Wednesday of October. • UN General Assembly in 2009, designated October 13 as International Day for Disaster Reduction. • 2013 Theme -“Living with Disability and Disasters”. • Rallies and lectures for awareness for disaster reduction amongst youth, children and general people. 64
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    Disaster Management inMaharashtra • SDMA AND SDRF - At conceptual level. • EOC- Emergency operations Centre at Mantralaya. All disaster activities handled through Ministry of Relief and Rehabilitation. • Fire department – Urban Development Ministry. • PLAN – Relief commissioner in Mantralaya will be assisted by YASHADA • Supreme Court on 23, Sept. 2013 issued notice to the central government, disaster relief agencies, the meteorological department and some states including Maharashtra, to implement Disaster Management Act. 65
  • 66.
    Disaster Management inNagpur • Fire Extinguishing Department of Nagpur Municipal Corporation is dealing for preparation of a DM plan. • Disaster Management Cell in District Control Room situated in Office of the Collector, Nagpur • Phone/Fax - 0712-2562668 Toll Free No. – 1077 • 24 areas in Nagpur urban and 16 in rural are flood prone. Also remaining 12 Tahasils’ more or less flood prone areas. • The population at risk in geo-seismic regions 1. IA is 2,45,974 ( Wainganga Basin) and 2. IB is 1,20,657(Wardha Basin). • Also prone to Industrial Disasters – Low risk. • Extremist activities and Terrorist activities – Low risk 66
  • 67.
    Areas of Concern Activatingan Early Warning System network and its close monitoring. Mechanisms for integrating the scientific, technological and administrative agencies for effective disaster management. Terrestrial communication links which collapse in the event of a rapid onset disaster. Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (power supply, communication, water supply, transport, etc.) to disaster events 67
  • 68.
    Areas of Concern Funding: Primacy of relief as disaster response. Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored. Lack of integrated efforts to collect and compile data, information and local knowledge on disaster history and traditional response patterns. Need for standardized efforts in compiling and interpreting geo-spatial data, satellite imagery and early warning signals. Weak areas - continue to be forecasting, modeling, risk prediction, simulation and scenario analysis, etc. 68
  • 69.
    Areas of Concern Absenceof a national level, state level, and district level directory of experts and inventory of resources. Lack of properly structured of National Disaster Management Plan, and State level and district level disaster management plans. Sustainability of efforts Effective Inter Agency Co-ordination and Standard Operating Procedures for stakeholder groups, especially critical first responder agencies. Lack of emergency medicine, critical care medicine, first aid facilities. 69
  • 70.
    Future Directions • Encourageand consolidate knowledge networks. • Mobilize and train disaster volunteers for more effective preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence, Home guards). • Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability reduction. • Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness, mitigation and disaster response 70
  • 71.
    Future Directions • Mobilizingstakeholder participation of Self Help Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions. • Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock drills and Scenario Analysis. • Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices • Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk Management. • Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child friendly, eco-friendly and disabled friendly disaster management • Technology driven but people owned. • Knowledge Management: Documentation and dissemination of good practices. 71
  • 72.
    Future Directions • Mobilizingstakeholder participation of Self Help Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions. • Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock drills and Scenario Analysis. • Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices • Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk Management. • Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child friendly, eco-friendly and disabled friendly disaster management • Technology driven but people owned. • Knowledge Management: Documentation and dissemination of good practices. 72
  • 73.
    New possibilities • JawaharlalNehru National Urban Renewal Mission for 70 cities: recent experience of extreme weather conditions in a few major metros and megacities. • BRIMSTOWAD project in BrihanMumbai • 100,000 Rural Knowledge Centre's ( IT Kiosks): Spatial e-Governance for informed decision making in disaster-prone areas: before, during and after disasters 73
  • 74.
    74 • FOR INFORMATIONON DISASTERS DIAL TOLL FREE No. 1070 • Contact NDMA Control Room 26701728,730;Fax-26701729 9868891801,9868101885 controlroom@ndma.gov.in; ndmacontrolroom@gmail.com WEBSITE • Republic of India-http:// ndma.gov.in
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    References 1. Risk reductionand emergency Preparedness, WHO six-year strategy for the health sector and community capacity development, ISBN 978 92 4 159589 6 © World Health Organization 2007. 2. Communicable diseases following natural disasters, Risk assessment and priority interventions, World Health Organization 2006. 3. Disaster Prevention and Preparedness, LECTURE NOTES For Health Science Students, Jimma University in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education 2006. Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. 4. Wallace/Maxcy-Rosenau-Last-Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Fifteenth edition,2008, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; United States of America. 5. K Park, Park’s Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine,22nd Edition 2013, Bhanot Publications, Jabalpur,India. 6. Position Paper on Crowd Management at Places of Mass Gatherings, 2013, NDMA downloads, assessed on 01/12/2013. 7. THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005, NO. 53 OF 2005, 23rd December, 2005, enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-sixth Year of the Republic of India. 75
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    References 8. Emergency TriageAssessment and Treatment (ETAT), Manual for Participants, © World Health Organization 2005. 9. EMERGENCY SURGICAL CARE IN DISASTER SITUATIONS, WHO manual Surgical Care at the District Hospital (SCDH), a part of the WHO Integrated Management on Emergency and Essential Surgical Care (IMEESC) tool kit. 10. The Global Platform for Disaster Reduction, The official agenda for the 4th Session from Tuesday 21 to Thursday 23 May 2013,assessed on 05/012/2013. 11. National Policy on Disaster Management(NPDM) ,NDMA publication online assessed on 07/12/2013. 12. Public Health Risk Assessment and Interventions, Typhoon Haiyan,16 November 2013. 13. National Disaster Management Guidelines, Preparation of State Disaster Management Plans, July 2007,NDMA,GOI. 14. Disaster management and risk reduction: strategy and coordination; plan 2010-2011,International Federation of Red cross and Red Crescent Societies. 15. http://reliefweb.int/ assessed on 09/01/2014 76
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