Disaster management involves mitigation, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation. The document outlines objectives and steps for each phase. Mitigation aims to reduce vulnerability through measures like improving infrastructure and health services. Preparedness includes evaluating risks, planning coordination and response, and conducting training. Response entails search and rescue, triage, tagging victims, and managing casualties. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring water, food, sanitation, and controlling disease outbreaks.

1. S N E H A A ( 8 8 )
B A T C H 2 0 1 5
G U I D E - D R . S H A I L A J A
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

2. OBJECTIVES
• Know what a disaster is………
• Know how to manage a disaster ☻
• To be able to write a 5 marker on triage.
• Know what to do, as a doctor, in condition of disaster.
• Know what is mitigation and its importance in disaster.
• Know how to be prepared when u know the eminent risk.

3. INTRODUCTION
What is a disaster ?
Any occurrence that causes damage,
ecological disruption, death, deterioration of
health and health services on a scale sufficient
to warrant an extraordinary response from
outside the affected community/area.

4. SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF MAJOR
DISASTERS
Earthquake
High
winds
Floods/
tidal waves
Landslides Volcanoes
Death +++ + +++ (variable) +++ +++
Severe injuries +++ ++ + + +
Communicable
Diseases
INCREASED
Damage to
health facilities
+++ +++ +++ +++ +++
Food shortage + + +++ + +
Portable water
shortage
+++ + +++ +++ +++

5. GENERAL MANAGEMENT
Disaster
Response
rehabilitationreconstruction
Mitigation and
preparedness

6. RESPONSE
1. Search, Rescue & First-aid
2. Field care
3. Triage
4. Tagging
5. Management of the dead

7. SEARCH, RESCUE, FIRST-AID AND
FIELD CARE
• Search, Rescue, First-aid:
• Most immediate help come
from uninjured survivors.
• Field care:
• Convergence on health
facilities, irrespective of its
operating status.
• Bed availability; and
medical & surgical services
• Response to enquires.

8. • Classifying the injured on the basis of the severity
of their injuries & the likelihood of their survival with
prompt medical intervention.
• Highest priority is granted to victims whose
immediate or long term prognosis can be dramatically
affected by simple intensive care.
• Moribund patients who require a great deal of
attention , with questionable benefit have the lowest
priority.
TRIAGE

9. TRIAGE (CONT…..)
• Red indicates
highest priority of t/t.
• Yellow signals
medium priority
• Green indicates
ambulatory patients
• Black for Dead or
Moribund patients

10. TAGGING AND MANAGEMENT OF
THE DEAD
• Tagging:
• Name, age, place of origin, triage category, diagnosis &
initial treatment
• Care of the dead:
• Removal of the dead from the disaster scene
• Shifting to the mortuary
• Identification
• Reception of bereaved relatives

11. RELIEF
• Acquisition of supplies
• Transportation
• Storage
• Distribution

12. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
AND DISEASE CONTROL
• Reasons:
• Overcrowding & poor sanitation
• Population displacement
• Contaminated water supply and food
• Disruption of routine control programmes
• Breeding of vectors
• Displacement of domestic & wild animals who carry
zoonoses e.g. Leptospirosis in Orissa cyclone
• Control:
• Measures to reduce risk of transmission of diseases
• Establish a reporting system
• Investigate all reports of outbreak

13. VACCINATION
• Mass vaccination- Measles
• Vaccination for typhoid, cholera
and tetanus not recommended
by WHO in endemic areas;
recommended for healthcare
workers.
• Immunization before disaster
strikes.
• Supplying safe drinking water
and proper disposal of excreta-
practical and effective

14. NUTRITION
• Nutrition- infants, children, pregnant and nursing women, old
and sick people
• Steps
1. Assessing supplies
2. Gauging nutritional status
3. Calculating need
4. Monitoring the status

15. REHABILITATION AND
RECONSTRUCTION

16. REHABILITATION
1. Water supply:
• Survey of water supply need to be made
• Most serious issue- microbial contamination; others- chemical
contamination and toxicity.
• 1st priority to maintain quality- chlorination (0.2-0.5mg/litre)
• Protection measures:
1. Restrict access
2. Excreta disposal
3. Prohibit bathing, cleaning, etc.
4. Upgrade wells
5. Ration supply

17. REHABILITATION (CONT….)
2. Food safety
• Poor food hygiene = food borne diseases
3. Basic sanitation and personal hygiene
• Poor personal hygiene= contamination of food and water=
spread of disease
4. Vector control
• Malaria and dengue- mosquitoes (flood water or any
collection of water as a result of a disaster acts as a breeding
ground)
• Leptospirosis and rat bite fever- rats
• Plage- fleas

19. MITIGATION
• Measures designed to either prevent hazards from causing
emergencies or lessen the likely effects of emergencies
• Aim- to reduce vulnerability
• Measures:
• Improve the quality of structures
• Ensure safety of health facilities and health services
• Safeguard the water supply
• Manage the sewerage system

21. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
• A programme of long term development activities whose goals
are to strengthen the overall capacity and capability of a
country to manage efficiently all type of emergencies
• Objectives
• Ensure appropriate systems, procedures and resources are in
place to provide efficient and prompt assistance to victims
• Facilitate relief measures and rehabilitation services

22. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
(CONT…)
• Tasks:
• Evaluate the risks
• Adopt standards and regulations
• Organize communication, information and warning systems
• Ensure co-ordination and response mechanisms
• Adopt measures to ensure easy mobilization of required
resources to the disaster site
• Develop public education programmes
• Co-ordinate information sessions with media
• Organize disaster simulation exercises

23. EDUCATE THE YOUNG……
-National disaster
management authority
(NDMA)
PATNA: Bihar State Disaster Management Authority (BSDMA) on Friday
decided to take up more than 70,000 government schools, highest in any
state across the country, under the Mukhya Mantri Vidyalaya Suraksha
Yojna to train their students and teachers in safety measures to be taken
during any calamity, especially earthquake, flood and fire incidents.
-Times of India (Published on 25 May 2013)

24. TO SUMMARIZE
• Water supply
• Food supply
• Sanitation
• Vector control
• Building codes & zoning
• Vulnerability analyses
• Health facilities, services
• Water and sewerage
• Search, Rescue & First-
aid and field care
• Triage
• Tagging
• Management of the dead
• Evaluate the risks
• Preparedness plans
• Training and education
• Warning system
• Measures for easy
mobilization
Preparedness Response
RehabilitationMitigation