The document provides an overview of the scope of disaster management. It begins with definitions of key terms like disaster, hazard, vulnerability and discusses how vulnerability and hazards can interact to cause disasters. It then covers classification of disasters, phases of disaster management including preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. Specific aspects of medical and public health response are also summarized. The document concludes with discussing India's vulnerability to various natural disasters.
Why do risk and disaster management matterDavid Solis
For development to be sustainable, disaster management must be built into the planning process. In this way, countries can reduce some of the negative impacts on development and improve the situation of the poor during and after crises.
Why do risk and disaster management matterDavid Solis
For development to be sustainable, disaster management must be built into the planning process. In this way, countries can reduce some of the negative impacts on development and improve the situation of the poor during and after crises.
Disaster
“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
Disaster management
Disaster management can be defined as the effective organization, direction, and utilization of available counter-disaster resource.
B T Basavanthappa
Aim
• To provide prompt and effective medical care to the maximum possible in order to minimize morbidity and mortality.
Objectives
• To optimally prepare the staff and institutional resources for effective performance in disaster situation
• To make the community aware of the sequential steps that should be taken at individual and organization levels.
Disaster plans in hospitals and health care centersDr. Samir Sawli
Emergencies and disasters can happen at any moment – and, they usually occur without warning. When an emergency strikes, the safety of patients and staff will depend on the existing preparedness of Departments and their staff.
Hospital and Department Disaster Response Plans are developed and written to provide fundamental support and direction to all concerned staff.
These plans are an essential building block of the Hospital’s response to a crisis.
They are part of every Department’s basic health and safety responsibilities; as well as operational continuity and planning
- Definition of ‘Disaster’.
- What is a disaster management cycle?
- What are the types of Disasters?
- What is vulnerability and risk?
- What is a Hazard? How is it classified?
- Use data, pictures, pie charts, bar diagrams
Disaster Management Process Life Cycle PowerPoint Presentation Slides SlideTeam
Enhance your audiences knowledge with this well researched complete deck. Showcase all the important features of the deck with perfect visuals. This deck comprises of total of seventy eight slides with each slide explained in detail. Each template comprises of professional diagrams and layouts. Our professional PowerPoint experts have also included icons, graphs and charts for your convenience. All you have to do is DOWNLOAD the deck. Make changes as per the requirement. Yes, these PPT slides are completely customizable. Edit the colour, text and font size. Add or delete the content from the slide. And leave your audience awestruck with the professionally designed Disaster Management Process Life Cycle PowerPoint Presentation Slides complete deck.
Disaster
“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
Disaster management
Disaster management can be defined as the effective organization, direction, and utilization of available counter-disaster resource.
B T Basavanthappa
Aim
• To provide prompt and effective medical care to the maximum possible in order to minimize morbidity and mortality.
Objectives
• To optimally prepare the staff and institutional resources for effective performance in disaster situation
• To make the community aware of the sequential steps that should be taken at individual and organization levels.
Disaster plans in hospitals and health care centersDr. Samir Sawli
Emergencies and disasters can happen at any moment – and, they usually occur without warning. When an emergency strikes, the safety of patients and staff will depend on the existing preparedness of Departments and their staff.
Hospital and Department Disaster Response Plans are developed and written to provide fundamental support and direction to all concerned staff.
These plans are an essential building block of the Hospital’s response to a crisis.
They are part of every Department’s basic health and safety responsibilities; as well as operational continuity and planning
- Definition of ‘Disaster’.
- What is a disaster management cycle?
- What are the types of Disasters?
- What is vulnerability and risk?
- What is a Hazard? How is it classified?
- Use data, pictures, pie charts, bar diagrams
Disaster Management Process Life Cycle PowerPoint Presentation Slides SlideTeam
Enhance your audiences knowledge with this well researched complete deck. Showcase all the important features of the deck with perfect visuals. This deck comprises of total of seventy eight slides with each slide explained in detail. Each template comprises of professional diagrams and layouts. Our professional PowerPoint experts have also included icons, graphs and charts for your convenience. All you have to do is DOWNLOAD the deck. Make changes as per the requirement. Yes, these PPT slides are completely customizable. Edit the colour, text and font size. Add or delete the content from the slide. And leave your audience awestruck with the professionally designed Disaster Management Process Life Cycle PowerPoint Presentation Slides complete deck.
The slide includes 1.Introduction to Disaster, 2.Disaster Impact and Response, 3.Relief Phase of Disaster, 4.Disaster Mitigation, 5.Disaster Preparedness 6.Personal Protection in different types of Disaster, 7.Man-made Disasters, 8. Policies concerned with disaster management 9.Worst Disasters in India 10. Organizations concerned with disaster management.
A total of 130+ slides will give a detailed idea of the disaster and its management.
“A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources”
Hazard
“It is a dangerous, phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage”
1.Geophysical
a) Earthquake
b) Volcano
c) Tsunami
2.Hydrological
a) Flood
b) Landslides
c) Wave action
3.Meteorological
a) Cyclone, Strom
b) cold wave
c) Extreme temperature, fog frost
d) Lighting, heavy rain
e) Sand- storm, dust storm
f) Snow, ice, Winter storm
4. Climatological
Drought
Extreme hot/ cold conditions
Forest wildfire
d) Glacial lake outburst
5. Biological
a) Epidemics :
Viral, bacterial , Parasitic, fungal or prion infections
b) Insect infestations
There are three fundamental aspects of disaster management.
Disaster Response
Disaster Preparedness
Disaster Mitigation
Primary phase - 0 to 6 hours
Secondary phase - 6 to 24 hours
Tertiary phase - after 24 hours
The Management of Mass casualties can be further divided into:
Search and Rescue
First aid
Triage and stabilization of victims
Hospital treatment and Redistribution of Patients to other hospitals
After a major disaster:
Most immediate help comes from the uninjured survivals.
Organized relief services will meet only a small fraction of the demand
Bed availability and surgical services should be maximized.
Provision for food and shelter.
A centre to respond to inquiries from patients relatives and friends.
Priority should be given to victims identification and adequate mortuary space should be provided.
Triage
The principle of “First come ,First treated”, is not followed in mass emergencies.
Higher priority is granted to victims whose immediate or long-term prognosis can be dramatically affected by simple intensive care.
Moribund patients who require a great deal of attention , with questionable benefit, have the lowest priority.
Tagging
All the patients should be identified with tags stating their name ,age , place of origin ,triage category , diagnosis and initial treatment.
Removal of the dead from the disaster scene.
Shifting to the mortuary.
Identification.
Reception of bereaved relatives.
Proper respect for the dead is of great importance.
The type and quantity of humanitarian relief supplies are usually determined by two main factors.
1) The type of disaster.
2) The type and quantity of supplies available locally.
A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
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Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
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Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
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"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
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Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
disaster management.pptx
1.
2. Scope
• Introduction
• Definition
• Classification & Types of Disasters
• Disaster Management
• Disaster Preparedness
• Medical and Public Health Response
• Public Health Impact of Disaster
• Disaster Mitigation
• Recent Disasters in India
• Disaster Management in India
• Areas of Concerns and Future
• References
Scope
2
3. Scope
• Disasters are as old as Mankind.
• The first description of Disaster and its management
comes from mythological “Noah” and his ark.
• Similar Flood tales are widespread in- Greek Mythology,
Puranas, Mesopotamian stories, and many cultures.
Introduction
3
4. Introduction
Etymology
Originated from Greek
dus = bad aster = star
Calamity due to position of a planet or a star.
Then evolved in Italian as disastro,
To become French désastre (de.zastʁ).
& then disaster .
4
5. Definition
5
Disaster -
Any occurrence that causes
damage, ecological disruption,
loss of human life,
deterioration of health and health services
on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary
response from outside the affected community or
area.(WHO)
A disaster can be defined as an occurrence
either nature or man made that causes human
suffering and creates human needs that victim
cannot alleviate without assistance.
(American Red Cross)
6. Definition
6
Hazard -
Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause
disruption or damage to people and their environment.
“A hazard is natural event while the disaster is its
consequence. A hazard is perceived natural event which
threatens both life and property……
A disaster is a realization of this hazard.”
-John Whittow
• When hazard involves elements of risks,
vulnerabilities and capacities, they can turn into
disasters.
• Hazards may be inevitable but disasters can be
prevented.
7. Vulnerability
Low High
Very low Low
Vulnerability
Capacity to cope
High Low
Exposure to
Hazard
High
Low
7
The propensity of things to be damaged by a hazard.
8. Disaster occurs when hazards meet vulnerability
Progression of vulnerability
Root causes Dynamic pressures Unsafe conditions
Limited
Access to -
• Power
• Structure
• Resources
Ideologies-
• Political -
system
• Economic
- system
Lack of –
•Local institutes
•Training
•Appropriate skills
•Local investment
•Local market
•Media freedom
•Ethical standards
in public life
Macro forces-
•Rapid population
growth
•Rapid
urbanization
•Arms expenditure
•Debt repayments
•Deforestation
•Decline in soil
productivity
Fragile physical
environment
•Dangerous
locations
•Unprotected
buildings &
infrastructure
Fragile local -
economy
•Livelihoods at risk
•Low income levels
Vulnerable society
•Special groups at
risk
Public actions
•Lack of
preparedness
•Endemic disease
Earthquake
High winds
Hurricane
Cyclone
Typhoon
Flood
Volcanic -
eruptions
Landslides
Drought
Virus
Bacteria
Pests
Fire
Chemicals
Radiation
Armed -
conflicts
Hazards
NOT PREVENTED
9. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f D i s a s t e r s
Natural
Disasters
Meteorological
Topographical
Environmental
Man made
Disasters
Technological
Industrial
Warfare
9
11. Technological
• Transport
failure
• Public place
failure
• Fire
Industrial
• Chemical
spills
• Radioactive
spills
Warfare
• War
• Terrorism
• Internal
conflicts
• Civil unrest
• CBRNE
11
12. Disaster Management
12
The body of policy and administrative decisions and
operational activities that pertain to various stages of a
disaster at all levels.
An applied science which seeks, by systemic
observation and analysis of disasters, to improve
measures relating to prevention, emergency
response, recovery and mitigation.
Encompasses all aspects of planning for, and
responding to disasters, including both pre and post
disaster activities.
13. Disaster Management
13
A continuous and integrated process of
planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing
measures which are necessary or expedient for-
● Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.
● Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or
consequences.
● Capacity-building.
● Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
● Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation
or disaster.
● Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any
disaster.
● Evacuation, rescue and relief.
● Rehabilitation and reconstruction.
14. Integrated
Disaster
Management
Prepared-
ness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation
Activities prior to a
disaster.
• Preparedness plans
• Emergency exercises
• Training,
• Warning systems
Activ
dis
•
Activities following a
disaster.
•Temporary
housing
• Claims processing
• Grants
• Medical care
Activities that reduce
effects of disasters
• Building codes &
zoning
• Vulnerability
analyses
• Public education
ations
Search & rescu1e4
17. Disaster Preparedness
17
Disaster preparedness - is ongoing multisectoral activity.
Integral part of the national system responsible for
developing plans and programmes for
disaster management,
prevention,
mitigation,
response,
rehabilitation and
reconstruction.
18. Disaster Preparedness
18
Co-ordination of a variety of sectors to carry out-
Evaluation of the risk.
Adopt standards and regulations.
Organize communication and response mechanism.
Ensure all resources- ready and easily mobilized.
Develop public education programmes.
Coordinate information with news media.
Disaster simulation exercises.
19. Medical Preparedness &
Mass Casualty Management
Developing and capacity building of medical team for
Trauma & psycho-social care,
Mass casualty management and Triage.
Determine casualty handling capacity of all hospitals.
Formulate appropriate treatment procedures.
Involvement of private hospitals.
Mark would be care centers that can function as a
medical units.
Identify structural integrity and approach routes.
19
20. Disaster Response
Immediate reaction to disaster as the disaster is
anticipated, or soon after it begins in order to assess the
needs, reduce the suffering, spread and
of the disaster,
limit
open
the
up the way to
consequences
rehabilitation.
By-
Mass evacuation
Search and rescue
Emergency medical services
Securing food and water
Maintenance of Law & Order
20
22. Medical and Public Health response
22
• Pre-hospital emergency services -
Linkage to govt. incident command system.
External medical services and extrication workers.
Search and Rescue teams.
•Assessment of immediate health needs.
• Identification of medical & health resources.
• Temporary field treatment
Prompt and proper treatment to save lives.
23. Medical and Public Health response
• Triage: French word meaning selection &
classification
Assigning priority for treatment and transport
on
the basis of severity of injuries & likelihood of
survival
when resources are insufficient for all to be treated
• Medical transportation
Ground, Air and Heli ambulance 23
Patient dR
iste
rib
d
ution & evacuation
Yellow
High Priority Medium priority
i
m
m
e
Bd
i
a
lat
e
cl
y
k.
Green
D•eT
a
ag
g
di
n
og
-
rf
o
mrb
oo
t
rh
ibp
a
ut
i
e
nn
dt
sand d
e
a
d
AB
mo
d
bi
e
us
latory
Patients Patients
TRIAGE
24. Medical and Public Health response
Food safety and Water Safety
Animal control- Carcasses can foul water,
Zoonotic diseases.
Vector control- Mosquito and Rodents
Communicable disease control:
Measles, diarrheal diseases, ARI, and malaria
Breakdown in environmental safeguards.
Crowding of persons in camps, Malnutrition.
Waste management
Temporary latrines
Chemical toileting
Sewage disposal damage.
24
25. Medical and Public Health response
Management of hazardous agent exposure
Particular matter
Also Infectious agents if hospital or scientific
laboratories damaged
Mental health
Specialized psychological triage and treatment
significant in terrorism.
Information
Behavioral Contagion handling
Risk communication
25
26. Consequences of Disaster
Health -
Physical – Entanglement, Injuries, Disabilities,
Coma ,Death.
Psychological- Cognitive, Behavioral, Social.
Structural Damage – to variable extent.
Ecological- Changes in eco system.
Economical-Financial losses.
26
27. Symptoms after disaster
Physiological
Symptoms
• Fatigue
• Shock
symptoms
• Profuse
sweating
• Fine motor
tremors
• Chills
• Teeth
grinding
• Muscle aches
• Dizziness
Cognitive
Symptoms
• Memory loss
• Distractibility
• Reduced
attention
span
• Decision
making
difficulties
• Calculation
difficulties
• Confusing
trivial with
major issues
Emotional
Symptoms
• Anxiety
• Feeling
overwhelmed
• Grief
• Identification
with victims
• Depression
• Anticipation
of harm to
self or others
• Irritability
Behavioral
Symptoms
• Insomnia
• Substance
abuse
• Gallows
humor
• Gait change
• Ritualistic
behavior
• Hyper
vigilance
• Unwillingness
to leave
scene
27
28. Factors which may affect reactions
• Lack of warning
• Scope of the event
• Abrupt contrast of scene
• Personal loss or injury
• Type of disaster
• Traumatic stimuli
• Nature of the destructive
agent
• Human error
• Time of occurrence
• Lack of opportunity for
effective action
• Environment (temperature,
humidity, pollution…)
Disaster Related Factors Host Related Factors
• Health
• Disabled, Invalid
• Medical problems
• Social
• Lack of support network-
Divorced, Widowed
• Cultural: language barriers
• Demographic
• Age: younger and older
have more difficulties
• Sex: more stress in women,
but more resilient
• Past History
• Traumatic events
• Mental illness or emotional
problems
28
29. Disasters and Diseases
29
Epidemic diseases
May be consequences of disasters.
Some tend to become pandemics, to evolve as
disaster
Plague of Justinian from 541 to 750 AD , killed
about 60% (100 Millions) of Europe's population.
The Black Death of 1347 to 1352 AD killed 25
million in Europe .
Spanish flu killed 50 million people in 1918-1919,
more than those died in precedent First World
War.
30. Communicable Diseases after Disasters
30
Pre existing Diseases in the Population :
dysentery, cholera, measles, tuberculosis, malaria,
intestinal parasites, scabies, skin infections.
Ecological Changes :
Altered ecology- vector borne and water
borne diseases
Living conditions - plague, louse borne typhus
and relapsing fever.
Stray animals and wild animal displacement-
rabies.
Damage to public Utilities :
Water supplies & sewage disposal disrupted.
31. Communicable Diseases after Disasters
31
Population Movements :
Introduction of new disease or vector.
In settlements - diarrheal diseases , measles, viral
hepatitis, whooping cough, malaria etc.
Interruption in Public Health Services :
Disruption of curative and preventive services.
Interrupted vector control - malaria, dengue
Interrupted immunization - measles, whooping
cough, and diphtheria.
Altered Individual Resistance to diseases :
Malnutrition increases susceptibility to diseases .
32. Diseases after Man Made Disasters
32
Will depend upon particular exposure type.
Symptoms and diseases differ widely.
Spectrum may range from simple non fatal injuries to
chromosomal defects.
Again technology that is capable of producing mass
destruction weapons and developments in bio-
technology leading to invention of deadly bio-attack
organisms ,is of ever growing concern for world .
33. Other Public Health Impacts of Disasters
Sexual violence
Rape, Exploitation & Sexual violence
Causes: Separation of women from family
Weakened social structures
Increased aggressive behavior
Human right violations
Torture of civilian
Physical and psychological harms
Sex trafficking
Child labour
Denial of basic needs
33
34. Mental Health Impact of Disasters
Post traumatic stress disorder
Stage one- Adrenergic surge.
Stage two- Helplessness and a loss of self-control.
Stage three - Despondency and demoralization.
Children -Developmental age is more important
Preschoolers- Increased arousal, fear.
School-age children- reckless ,psychosomatic signs.
Adolescents- some partake in rescue and recovery,
regression & withdrawal possible.
Elderly - increased risk for physical injury, than mental.
34
35. Rescue workers in Disaster
Secondary victims of a disaster.
Stress reactions seen in non-professionals.
More emotional trauma if involved in a failed rescue
attempts (especially if children are involved).
Inexperienced body handlers become more sensitive.
19 August is observed as World Humanitarian Day in
honour of aid workers, who lost their lives.
35
36. Disaster Recovery
Repatriation - after the emergency is over, displaced
people return to their place of origin.
Rehabilitation -restoration of basic social functions.
Providing temporary shelters,
Stress debriefing for responders and victims,
Economic Rehabilitation,
Psycho-social Rehabilitation,
Scientific Damage Assessment,
Elements of recovery
Community recovery (including psychological).
Infrastructure recovery (services and lifelines).
Economy recovery ( financial, political ).
Environment recovery.
36
38. Permanent reduction of risk of a disaster,
to limit impact on human suffering and economic assets.
Primary mitigation - reducing hazard & vulnerability.
Secondary mitigation- reducing effects of hazard.
Components:
Reducing hazard - protection against threat by
removing the cause of threat.
Reducing vulnerability - reducing the effect of threat
Natural hazards are inevitable, reduce vulnerability.
Disaster Mitigation
38
39. Components of Disaster Mitigation
Hazard identification and mapping –
Assessment – Estimating probability of a damaging
phenomenon of given magnitude in a given area.
Considerations-
History
Probability of various intensities
Maximum threat
Possible secondary hazards
Vulnerability analysis –
A process which results in an understanding of the types and
levels of exposure of persons, property, and the environment
to the effects of identified hazards at a particular time.
39
40. Components of Disaster Mitigation
Risk analysis –
Determining nature and scale of losses which can be
anticipated in a particular area.
Involves analysis of
Probability of a hazard of a particular
magnitude.
Elements susceptible to potential loss/damage.
Nature of vulnerability.
Specified future time period.
Prevention –
Activities taken to prevent a natural phenomenon or potential
hazard from having harmful effects on either people or
economic assets.
40
41. • Promotion of desired
actions by -
• Planning control.
• Training & education.
• Economic assistance.
• Subsidies.
• Facilities-refugee
points, storage.
• Public information.
Active measures Passive measures
• Prevent undesired
actions by -
• Requirement to conform
with design codes.
• Checking compliance of
controls on site.
• Court proceedings
• Fines, Closure orders
• Control land use.
• Denial of utilities in
areas development
undesired.
41
Disaster Mitigation Measures
42. VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA
Asian region is most disaster prone region with 60%
of the major natural disasters of world.
India is vulnerable in varying degrees to a large
number of natural as well as man-made disasters.
• 12 % land is prone to floods and river erosion.
• 58 % landmass is prone to earthquakes.
• 5,700 km coastline is prone to cyclones and tsunamis.
• 68% cultivable area is vulnerable to drought.
• Hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches.
• Further, the vulnerability to Nuclear, Biological and Chemical
(NBC) disasters and terrorism has also increased.
42
43. Major Disasters in India (last 40 years)
S. Event
N
Year State & Area Effects
1 Drought 1972 Large part of country 200 million affected
2 Cyclone 1977 Andhra Pradesh
10,000 people & 40,000
cattle died
3 Drought 1987 15 states 300 million affected
4 Cyclone 1990 Andhra Pradesh
967 died. 435,000 acres
land affected
5 Earthquake 1993 Latur, Maharashtra
7,928 people died.30,000
injured
6 Cyclone 1996
Andhra Pradesh 1000 people died.5,80,000
houses destroyed
7
Super
cyclone
1999 Orissa Over 10,000 deaths
8 Earthquake 2001 Bhuj,Gujrat
13,805 deaths,6.3 millions
affected 43
44. Major Disasters in India (last 40 years)
S. Event
N
Year State & Area Effects
9 Tsunami 2004
Coastline TN, Kerala,
AP, A&N islands &
Puducherry
10,749 deaths.5,640
missing,2.79 Millions
10 Floods
July
2005
Maharashtra
1094 deaths
167 injured, 54 missing
11 Earthquake 2008 Kashmir 1400 deaths
12 Kosi floods 2008 North Bihar
527 deaths,19,323 cattle
died
13 Cyclone 2008 Tamilnadu 204 deaths
14
Krishna
floods
2009
Andhrapradesh &
Karnataka
300 died
15 Flash flood
June
2013
Uttarakhand
5,700 deaths,
70,000 affected
16
Phailin
Cyclone
Oct
2013
Coastline of Orissa,
Jharkhand
27 died, 10,00,000
evacuations 44
45. Floods,
Mumbai,
26 July 2005
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004
Cyclone
29 Oct 1999
Flood, Assam
& Bihar 2004
MAJOR DISASTERS
(1980-2005)
Earthquake
Uttarkashi, 20
Oct 1991
Bhuj,
Earthquake,
26 January,
2001
Avalanche
Feb 2005
Earthquake,
Latur, 30
Sept 1993
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004
Alia Cyclone
2009
Bhopal Gas
Tragedy, Dec
1982
Earthquake,
Oct, 2005
PHAILIN
Cyclone 2013
Flood,
Uttarakhand
2013
A f e w d i s a s t e r s i n
45
46. High Powered Committee set up in August 1999.
Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry.
Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in June 2002.
National Disaster Management Authority established 28th
September 2005.
Inclusion of Disaster Management in the Seventh Schedule of
the Constitution.
On 23 December, 2005, Disaster Management Act .
Developments in Disaster Management
47. Changes in Disaster Management in India
Paradigm
Shift
Response centric to Holistic &
Integrated Approach
Backed
By
Institutional
Framework Legal Authority
Supported
By
Financial
Mechanisms
Creations of
Separate Funds
48. Institutional Framework
48
Disaster Management Structure
NDMA Apex Body with Prime Minister as Chairperson.
National Executive Committee - Secretaries of 14 Ministries
and Chief of Integrated Defence Staff.
Centre Level
Central Ministries; National Disaster Management Authority,
National Institute of Disaster Management
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
State Level
SDMA headed by Chief Minister.
State Executive Committee (SEC).
District Level
DDMA headed by District Magistrate.
Interface between Govt. and Public.
49. Nodal Ministries related with Disasters
Type of Disaster Nodal Ministry
Natural- Flood, Tsunami, Cyclone,
Earthquake
Manmade-Civil strife
Home Affairs
Drought Agriculture
Biological, Epidemics Health & Family Welfare
Chemical, Forest related Environment & Forest
Nuclear Atomic Energy
Air Accidents Civil Aviation
Railway Accidents Railway
Industrial Accidents Labour
49
50. Mitigation Projects
50
• Cyclones - 308 Million US $.(World Bank)
• Earthquakes - Rs. 1597 Cr.
• Pilot Project for School Safety: Rs. 48 Cr.
• Disaster Information & Communication Network - Rs. 821 Cr.
Also projects are being implemented for-
Landslides.
Floods.
Medical Preparedness.
Creation of National Disaster Response Reserves
51. Disaster Management in Development
51
•All new Projects/ Programmes will mandatorily have
inbuilt disaster resilience. (at conceptualization level).
•Planning Commission and the Ministry of Finance to give
approval to the projects only if disaster resilience self
certification is provided.
• Ongoing Projects to be revisited to include disaster
resilience audit.
•Infrastructural loans to be sanctioned by the Banks only
after due diligence on disaster resilience audit.
52. Disaster Management in Development
52
• Existing Lifeline Projects to be selectively revisited and
retrofitted.
• Generation awareness by introduction of DM in
education.
• Documentation –India Disaster Report.
• Training at community-PRI & Local self Govt. members
53. Disaster Management Training
53
• NIDM provides Web based training courses.
www.onlinenidm.gov.in
• Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework
6 weeks course ; Fee 1500/-
• Thematic- 9 Types; 4 weeks & Course fee Rs 1000/-
• Damage and Reconstruction Needs Assessment
• Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning
• Risk Analysis
• Community Based Disaster Risk Management
• Climate Change & Disaster Risks
• Financial Strategies for Managing the Economic
Impacts of Natural Disasters
• Earthquake Risk Reduction
• Safe Cities
• Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery &
Reconstructions
54. Disaster Management Training
54
• NIDM provides Web based training courses.
• Satellite based demonstration cum Training Programme on
Disaster Management conducted through Edu-SAT Network.
• Self E-learning courses- @ www.nidmssp.in
1) Basics of Disaster Management
2) Community Based Disaster Risk Management(CBDRM)
3) A Guide for Civil Defense Volunteers
4) A Guide for Public Health Worker
5) School Safety
6) Introduction to Earthquake Risk Mitigation & Management
7) Introduction to Flood Risk Mitigation and Management
8) Introduction to Cyclone Risk Mitigation and Management
9) Introduction to Industrial Chemical Disaster Risk Mitigation
and Management
10) Landslide Risk Mitigation and Management
55. Response and Rescue
55
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
Composition: 10 battalions
Tasks-
Specialized Response during disasters.
Well equipped and trained in search and rescue.
Assist in Community Training & Preparedness.
Impart basic and operation level training to SDRF.
Proactive Deployment during impending disaster
situations.
Liaison, Rehearsals and Mock Drills.
57. MOCK DRILLS
Mock Exercises (Districts & Schools)
• Conducted so far 209 (including 80 Schools/ Colleges).
• Community & First Responders: Sensitized 15.0 Lakhs.
• Commonwealth Games - 55 mock drills.
57
58. Research
58
Involvement of various Universities and Research
Institutes to carry out research for Disaster
Management
• Case studies and lesson learnt exercises by NIDM
• Preparation of Digital Maps.
• Preparation of Upgraded Hazard Maps.
• Development of GIS Platform for Vulnerability Analysis
and Risk Assessment.
• Seismic Microzonation.
• Improved Modeling for Advanced Forecasting
Capability.
• National Disaster Management Information System
(NDMIS).
59. Resource and Knowledge Network
59
• India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN)
Inaugurated on 1st September 2003.
Web-enabled, centralized database for quick access
to resources to minimize response time.
Updated every year ,at District & State level.
226 items, 69,329 records in 545 districts uploaded.
• India Disaster Knowledge Network (IDKN)
Web portal for knowledge collaboration, maps,
networking, emergency contact information system .
Goal - easy to use unified point of access to disaster
management ,mitigation and response.
IDKN is a part of South Asian Disaster Knowledge
Network (SADKN).
60. Other Institutional Arrangements
60
• Armed Forces
• Central Para Military Forces
• State Police Forces and Fire Services
• Civil Defence and Home Guards
• State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)
• National Cadet Corps (NCC)
• National Service Scheme (NSS)
• Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS)
61. Stakeholders’ Participation
61
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
• Public Private Partnership (PPP)
• Media Partnership
• Training of Communities
• DM Education in Schools
63. International Co-operation
UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
for all international disaster response.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),
for mitigation and prevention aspects
UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) System.
Streamlining Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Response.
The Asian Disaster Reduction Center in Kobe(1998)
to enhance disaster resilience of the 30 member countries,
to build safe communities,
to create a society where sustainable development is possible.
63
64. Disaster Reduction Day
• NIDM observes "Disaster Reduction Day" on the
Second Wednesday of October.
• UN General Assembly in 2009, designated October 13
as International Day for Disaster Reduction.
• 2013 Theme -“Living with Disability and Disasters”.
• Rallies and lectures for awareness for disaster reduction
amongst youth, children and general people.
64
65. Disaster Management in Maharashtra
65
• SDMA AND SDRF - At conceptual level.
• EOC- Emergency operations Centre at Mantralaya.
All disaster activities handled through Ministry of
Relief and Rehabilitation.
• Fire department – Urban Development Ministry.
• PLAN – Relief commissioner in Mantralaya will be
assisted by YASHADA
• Supreme Court on 23, Sept. 2013 issued notice to the
central government, disaster relief agencies, the
meteorological department and some states including
Maharashtra, to implement Disaster Management Act.
66. Disaster Management in Nagpur
66
• Fire Extinguishing Department of Nagpur Municipal
Corporation is dealing for preparation of a DM plan.
• Disaster Management Cell in District Control Room
situated in Office of the Collector, Nagpur
• Phone/Fax - 0712-2562668 Toll Free No. – 1077
• 24 areas in Nagpur urban and 16 in rural are flood
prone. Also remaining 12 Tahasils’ more or less flood
prone areas.
• The population at risk in geo-seismic regions
1. IA is 2,45,974 ( Wainganga Basin) and
2. IB is 1,20,657(Wardha Basin).
• Also prone to Industrial Disasters – Low risk.
• Extremist activities and Terrorist activities – Low risk
67. Areas of Concern
67
Activating an Early Warning System network and its
close monitoring.
Mechanisms for integrating the scientific, technological
and administrative agencies for effective disaster
management.
Terrestrial communication links which collapse in the
event of a rapid onset disaster.
Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (power supply,
communication, water supply, transport, etc.) to disaster
events
68. Areas of Concern
68
Funding : Primacy of relief as disaster response.
Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored.
Lack of integrated efforts to collect and compile data,
information and local knowledge on disaster history and
traditional response patterns.
Need for standardized efforts in compiling and
interpreting geo-spatial data, satellite imagery and early
warning signals.
Weak areas - continue to be forecasting, modeling, risk
prediction, simulation and scenario analysis, etc.
69. Areas of Concern
69
Absence of a national level, state level, and district level
directory of experts and inventory of resources.
Lack of properly structured of National Disaster Management
Plan, and State level and district level disaster management
plans.
Sustainability of efforts
Effective Inter Agency Co-ordination and Standard Operating
Procedures for stakeholder groups, especially critical first
responder agencies.
Lack of emergency medicine, critical care medicine, first aid
facilities.
70. 70
Future Directions
• Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks.
• Mobilize and train disaster volunteers for more effective
preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS, NCC,
Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence, Home guards).
• Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability
reduction.
• Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness,
mitigation and disaster response
71. 71
Future Directions
• Mobilizing stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups,
Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj
Institutions.
• Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock
drills and Scenario Analysis.
• Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices
• Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk
Management.
• Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child friendly,
eco-friendly and disabled friendly disaster management
• Technology driven but people owned.
• Knowledge Management: Documentation and
dissemination of good practices.
72. 72
Future Directions
• Mobilizing stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups,
Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj
Institutions.
• Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock
drills and Scenario Analysis.
• Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices
• Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk
Management.
• Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child friendly,
eco-friendly and disabled friendly disaster management
• Technology driven but people owned.
• Knowledge Management: Documentation and
dissemination of good practices.
73. 73
New possibilities
• Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
for 70 cities: recent experience of extreme weather
conditions in a few major metros and megacities.
• BRIMSTOWAD project in BrihanMumbai
• 100,000 Rural Knowledge Centre's ( IT Kiosks): Spatial
e-Governance for informed decision making in disaster-
prone areas: before, during and after disasters
74. • FOR INFORMATION ON DISASTERS
DIAL TOLL FREE No. 1070
• Contact
NDMA Control Room
26701728,730;Fax-26701729
9868891801,9868101885
controlroom@ndma.gov.in; ndmacontrolroom@gmail.com
WEBSITE
• Republic of India-http:// ndma.gov.in
74