This document discusses disaster management and defines disasters as occurrences that cause damage, loss of life, and deterioration of health on a scale that requires assistance from outside the affected community. It notes that disasters can be natural, such as floods or earthquakes, or human-made, such as industrial accidents. The document outlines the phases of disaster management as preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. It describes the roles of various organizations in disaster response and the roles of nurses in disaster preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation efforts.

1. DISASTER
MANAGEMEN
T MS. KANIKA
ASSISTANT
PROFESSOR
MMCON, MULLANA,
AMBALA

2. DEFINITIONS OF DISASTERDEFINITIONS OF DISASTER
“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause
damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life,
deterioration of health and health services on a scale,
sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from
outside the affected community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
“A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either
natural or manmade that causes human suffering and
creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate
without assistance”.
American Red Cross (ARC)

3. TYPES OFTYPES OF
DISASTERDISASTER

4. TYPES OF DISASTERTYPES OF DISASTER
SUDDEN
ONSET
SLOW
ONSET

5. FACTORS AFFECTINGFACTORS AFFECTING
DISASTERDISASTER

6. ““Natural disasters”Natural disasters”
• Disasters caused
by floods,
droughts, tidal
waves and earth
tremors are
generally
considered
“natural disasters”

7. ““Human-made” disastersHuman-made” disasters
• Disasters caused by chemical or industrial
accidents, environmental pollution, transport
accidents and political unrest are classified as
“human-made” or “human induced” disasters
since they are the direct result of human action.

8. List of various DisastersList of various Disasters
 Water and climate related disasters
- Floods and drainage management
- Cyclones
- Tornadoes and hurricanes
- Hailstorm
- Cloud burst
- Heat wave and cold wave
- Snow avalanches
- Droughts
- Sea erosion
- Thunder and lightening
- Tsunami

9. List of various Disasters…List of various Disasters…
• Geological related disasters
- Landslides and mudflows
- Earthquakes
- Dam failures/ Dam bursts
- Minor fires

10. List of various DisastersList of various Disasters
• Chemical, industrial
and nuclear related
disasters
–Chemical and
Industrial disasters
–Nuclear disasters

11. List of various DisastersList of various Disasters
• Accident related disasters
- Forest fires
- Urban fires
- Mine flooding
- Oil spills
- Major building collapse
- Serial bomb blasts
- Festival related disasters
-Electrical disasters and fires
- Air, road and rail accidents
-Village fire

12. List of various DisastersList of various Disasters
• Biological related disasters
- Biological disasters
and epidemics
- Pest
- Cattle epidemics
- Food poisoning

13. DROUGHT & FLOODDROUGHT & FLOOD

14. GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING
CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE

15. MAJOR
GREEN GASES
 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
 Methane (CH4)
 Nitrous oxide (N2O)
 Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)
 Perfluorocarbon (PFC)
 Sulpher hexafluoride (SF)

17. GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE

21. Likely Impact due to Climate ChangeLikely Impact due to Climate Change
 Flash floods are more likely to occur,
especially in urban areas with poor drainage
network
 Although rainfall is more, drought is also
likely to occur, as the rainfall come in
intense spells
 Crop loss due to flood and drought, both
will be more
 Groundwater recharge will be poor due to
high intensity of rainfall. Runoff or water
yield will be more and infiltration will be
less.
21

23. DESERTIFICATION FAMINEDESERTIFICATION FAMINE

24. EXISTING WATEREXISTING WATER
RELATED CONCERNS INRELATED CONCERNS IN
TAMIL NADUTAMIL NADU
 Flood
 Migration
 Cyclone
 Tsunami
 Droughts
 Ground Water
Depletion
 Water Use
Efficiency
24

25. CHARACTERISTICS OFCHARACTERISTICS OF
DISASTERDISASTER
Predictability
Controllability
Speed of onset
Length of
forewarning
Duration of impact
Scopeand intensity
of impact

26. PHASES OFPHASES OF
DISASTERDISASTER

28. DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disast er management
can be def ined as t he
organizat ion and
management of
resources &
responsibilit ies f or
dealing wit h all
humanit arian aspect s
of emergencies, in
part icular,
preparedness,
response and recovery
in order t o lessen t he
impact of disast ers.

29. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTERPRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
 Disaster management is the
responsibility of all spheres of
government
 Disaster management should use
resources that exist for a day-to-day
purpose.
 Organizations should function as an
extension of theircore business
 Individuals are responsible for their
own safety.
 Disaster management planning should
focus on large-scale events.

30. CONTD….CONTD….
 Disaster management planning should recognize the
difference between incidents and disasters.
 Disaster management operational arrangements are
additional to and do not replace incident management
operational arrangements
 Disaster management planning must take account of the
type of physical environment and the structure of the
population.
 Disaster management arrangements must recognise the
involvement and potential role of non- government

31. PHASES OF DISASTERPHASES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

32. DISASTERDISASTER
PREPAREDNESSPREPAREDNESS
Preparedness should be in the form of money,
manpower and materials
Evaluation from past experiencesabout risk
Location of disaster proneareas
Organization of communication, information and
warning system
Ensuring co-ordination and responsemechanisms
Development of public education programme
Co-ordination with media
National & international relations
Keeping stock of foods, drug and other essential
commodities.

33. E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD)
plays a key role in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by
detection tracing. It has 5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar,
Vishakapatanam, Chennai & Mumbai. In addition there are 31
special observation postssetup along theeast coast of India.
The International Agencies which provides humanitarian
assistanceto thedisaster strikeareasareUnited Nation agencies.
 Officefor theco-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA)
 World Health Organization (WHO)
 UNICEF
 World Food Programme(WFP)
 Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD)
E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations
 Co-OperativeAmerican Relief Every where(CARE)
 International committeeof Red cross

34. DISASTER IMPACTDISASTER IMPACT

35. TRIAGETRIAGE
Golden hour
Immediate orhigh priority:
Delayed ormedium priority:
Minororminimal orambulatory patients:
Expectant orleast priority:
Colourcode:

37. Disaster responseDisaster response
Epidemiologic surveillance and
diseasecontrol
 Vaccination
Nutrition

38. rehabilitation phaserehabilitation phase
Watersupply
Food safety
Basic sanitation
and personal
hygiene
Vectorcontrol

39. Disaster mitigationDisaster mitigation
This involves lessening the likely effects of
emergencies, depending upon the disaster, protection
of vulnerablepopulation and structure.
 For example, improving structural qualities of
schools, houses and such other buildings so that
medical casualities can be minimized. Similarly
ensuring the safety of health facilities and public
health services including water supply and sewerage
system to reduce the cost of rehabilitation and
reconstruction. This mitigation compliments the
disaster preparednessand disaster responseactivities.

40. Disaster managementDisaster management
CYCleCYCle

41. Disaster-eFFeCtsDisaster-eFFeCts
Deaths
Disability
Increasein communicabledisease
Psychological problems
Food shortage
Socioeconomic losses
Shortageof drugsand medical supplies
Environmental disruption

42. Disaster DrillDisaster Drill
A disaster drill is an exercise in which
people simulate the circumstances of a
disaster so that they have an opportunity to
practicetheir responses.

43. DisasterDisaster nUrsingnUrsing
It can be defined as the
adaptation of professional
nursing skills in recognizing
and meeting the nursing,
physical and emotional
needs resulting from a
disaster.

44. role oF nUrse inrole oF nUrse in
Disaster managementDisaster management
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
To facilitatepreparation with community
To provide updated record of vulnerable
populationswithin community
Nurseleadsapreparednesseffort
Nurseplay multi-rolesin community
 Nurse should have understanding of
community resources
Disaster Nurse must be involved in
community organization

45. Disaster response
Nurse must be involved in community
assessment
Once rescue workers begin to arrive at the
scene, immediate plans for triage should
begin
Nurse work as a member of assessment
team
To beinvolved in ongoing surveillance

46. Disaster reCoVerYDisaster reCoVerY
Successful Recovery
Preparation
Be vigilant in Health
teaching
Psychological support
Referrals to hospital as
needed
Remain alert for
environmental health
Nurse must be attentive
to thedanger