The document provides an overview of GPS (Global Positioning System) including:
- GPS uses 24 satellites and their ground stations as reference points to calculate positions accurate to within meters.
- It works globally in all weather and allows users to determine their location, velocity, and time.
- GPS was originally developed by the US Department of Defense but is now widely used by civilians as well as the military.
The document provides information on how to use maps and compasses to navigate terrain. It discusses key features of topographic maps like highways, railroads, bridges and landmarks. It then presents sample navigation problems asking the reader to determine the best routes and locations based on map symbols and terrain. The final sections explain the basic steps to use a compass to determine headings and directions of travel.
It will give you a fundamentals on different types of map and an introduction on topographic mapping.
This presentation is made for my report in Basic Geography Class
This document provides an introduction to map and compass navigation. It consists of four parts that cover the topics of globe to map projections, topographic maps, the magnetic compass, and navigation. The first part explains how maps are created by projecting the round earth onto a flat surface, which results in distortions of areas, shapes, directions and distances. It also discusses common map projections and techniques to minimize distortions, such as using a series of transverse Mercator projections.
Photogrammetry is the science of obtaining information about physical objects through photographs, without needing direct contact. It involves measuring and analyzing captured images. The name comes from Greek roots meaning "light", "drawing", and "to measure". Key developments included using photography for mapmaking in the 1840s-1850s, the photogrammetric stereoplotter in the 1890s, and aerial photography from balloons and planes in the 1860s-1900s, advancing the field into the digital era.
The document provides an overview of GPS (Global Positioning System) including:
- GPS uses 24 satellites and their ground stations as reference points to calculate positions accurate to within meters.
- It works globally in all weather and allows users to determine their location, velocity, and time.
- GPS was originally developed by the US Department of Defense but is now widely used by civilians as well as the military.
The document provides information on how to use maps and compasses to navigate terrain. It discusses key features of topographic maps like highways, railroads, bridges and landmarks. It then presents sample navigation problems asking the reader to determine the best routes and locations based on map symbols and terrain. The final sections explain the basic steps to use a compass to determine headings and directions of travel.
It will give you a fundamentals on different types of map and an introduction on topographic mapping.
This presentation is made for my report in Basic Geography Class
This document provides an introduction to map and compass navigation. It consists of four parts that cover the topics of globe to map projections, topographic maps, the magnetic compass, and navigation. The first part explains how maps are created by projecting the round earth onto a flat surface, which results in distortions of areas, shapes, directions and distances. It also discusses common map projections and techniques to minimize distortions, such as using a series of transverse Mercator projections.
Photogrammetry is the science of obtaining information about physical objects through photographs, without needing direct contact. It involves measuring and analyzing captured images. The name comes from Greek roots meaning "light", "drawing", and "to measure". Key developments included using photography for mapmaking in the 1840s-1850s, the photogrammetric stereoplotter in the 1890s, and aerial photography from balloons and planes in the 1860s-1900s, advancing the field into the digital era.
Remote sensing involves collecting data about objects from a distance without direct contact. It works by measuring reflected electromagnetic energy from targets using sensors on platforms like satellites. There are several key components, including the energy source (sun), its interaction with the atmosphere and earth surfaces, sensors to record the energy, and processing of the data. Remote sensing provides digital imagery that can be analyzed for applications like land use mapping. Global positioning systems (GPS) provide location data by triangulating signals from satellite constellations. India is developing its own regional GPS network called IRNSS and has also launched satellites for other countries to gain experience in space technologies.
This document provides an introduction to the course GEE-221: Geomorphology-I. It defines geomorphology as the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. It discusses the importance of geomorphology for understanding natural hazards, landforms, and landscapes. The document also outlines various geomorphic processes including weathering, erosion, deposition, mass movement, faulting, folding, volcanism, earthquakes, landslides, diastrophism and metamorphism. These processes are classified as terrestrial or extra-terrestrial, exogenetic or endogenetic. The key agents and products of geomorphic processes are also introduced.
This document discusses various methods used to represent physiographic features on topographical maps. It describes isopleths as lines connecting places of equal value, such as temperature or rainfall. Choropleths show how a measurement varies across a geographic area by shading or patterning areas proportionately. Specific representation methods covered include hachures, hill shading, contour lines, spot heights, and layer tinting.
This document discusses map projections and coordinate systems. It begins with a review of ellipsoids and datums that are used to approximate the shape of the Earth. It then discusses different types of map projections used to transform the spherical Earth onto a flat surface with minimal distortion. Finally, it reviews different coordinate systems and examples of horizontal and vertical datums.
This document discusses different types of map projections used to represent the spherical earth on a flat surface. It describes how all projections involve some distortion of properties like shapes, areas, distances or directions. The key types are conformal, equivalent, and equidistant projections. It explains the concepts of projection surfaces like cones, cylinders and planes, as well as variables like the light source and orientation. Specific common projections are also outlined, such as Mercator, Lambert conformal conic, and azimuthal equidistant, along with their characteristic distortions and uses.
This document provides an overview of geographical information systems (GIS). It discusses that GIS is a computer system for capturing, storing, analyzing and displaying spatial data. The document outlines the history of GIS, its components including hardware, software and data, common data structures like raster and vector, and procedures for spatial analysis and querying. It also discusses applications of GIS in areas like public health for disease mapping and planning interventions. Remote sensing, global positioning systems and their uses are summarized. The document concludes with a SWOT analysis of GIS.
Geodesy is the science of measuring and representing the Earth, including its gravity field. It has applications in monitoring climate change, natural hazards, volcanoes, water resources, soil moisture, glaciers, and landslides using space-based technologies like GNSS, altimetry, and gravity missions. Some key technologies are GPS, GLONASS, altimetry missions like TOPEX and JASON-1, and gravity missions like GRACE and CHAMP. Geodesy has its origins in ancient Greece and has evolved into a modern discipline using satellites to study Earth systems and processes.
Raw remote sensing images contain errors that must be corrected through pre-processing before analysis. Pre-processing involves radiometric, geometric, and atmospheric corrections. Radiometric corrections address distortions in pixel values from issues like noise, striping, or dropped scan lines. Geometric corrections rectify distortions caused by terrain, sensor geometry, and platform movement using ground control points. Atmospheric corrections reduce haze effects through techniques like dark object subtraction that assume minimum surface reflectance values. Pre-processing is essential for producing accurate, georeferenced images suitable for analysis and interpretation.
Errors and biases in GPS measurements arise from a variety of sources including satellite positions, weather, multipath, timing errors, and signal propagation through the atmosphere. These errors are broadly classified as those originating from satellites (ephemeris, clock errors), receivers (clock errors, multipath, noise), and signal propagation (ionospheric and tropospheric delays). Selective availability intentionally added error for non-authorized users until being discontinued in 2000. Differential GPS and other techniques can help reduce or eliminate some biases to achieve sub-meter accuracy.
Map projections allow the representation of locations on the spherical Earth on a flat surface by transforming geospatial coordinates using mathematical formulas. There are different types of map projections that preserve various geometric properties to differing degrees, such as distance, shape, or direction. It is important to choose a projection and coordinate system that suit the intended mapping purpose. Coordinate systems use datums to define relationships between coordinates and locations on the Earth's irregular surface.
Remote sensing plays a large role in enhancing geographic information systems (GIS) by providing large amounts of data needed for GIS. It reduces the need for manual field work and allows the retrieval of data from difficult to access areas. Remote sensing imagery can directly serve as a visual aid in GIS and can indirectly provide information about land use, vegetation, and other features through analysis. As remote sensing technologies advance, they continue to increase the resolution and coverage of data available to integrate within GIS. This leads to more accurate and detailed geographic information systems.
1) Lines of latitude and longitude allow us to accurately describe locations on Earth. Lines of latitude run east-west and indicate how far north or south a place is from the equator, while lines of longitude run north-south and indicate how far east or west a place is from the prime meridian.
2) The prime meridian passes through Greenwich, England and is defined as 0° longitude. Longitude lines are numbered up to 180° east and west of the prime meridian.
3) To write the latitude and longitude coordinates of a location, write the latitude value first, followed by the longitude value. For example, the coordinates of Madrid are 40° 26' N 3° 42' W.
Location. Location. Location. With so many maps and datums out there, how does a person know what datum is correct? How come my GPS coordinates don\'t match up on my map? Why is there a shift of 100 metres? How do I transform between different datums? What is a datum? What is the EPSG? Why have GIS Vendors and Oracle adopted them? Does offshore or onshore make a difference? How come there are so many datums? This presentation looks to provide some answers to some of these questions and to point out that latitude and longitude are not absolute.
Over the decades that surveyors have been trying to map the Earth, history and politics have shaped the way we see the world. Are the borders actually there? What if one nation adopts a standard, but the other does not? Does really matter what the co-ordinate system is? Why when I draw the a UTM Projection, the lines are curved, not in a grid? Is the OGC adopting these standards? So many questions and this presentation aims to answer some of them and provide some light on a complicated and sometimes unclear topic.
Geographic coordinate system & map projectionvishalkedia119
The document discusses geographic coordinate systems and map projections. It defines key concepts like geoid, spheroid, datum, latitude and longitude, projections, and the UTM coordinate system. The UTM system divides the globe into 60 zones, each 6 degrees wide, and uses a Transverse Mercator projection within each zone. UTM coordinates express a point's easting and northing distances in meters from the central meridian and equator/south pole.
Remote sensing involves collecting data about objects from a distance without direct contact. It works by measuring reflected electromagnetic energy from targets using sensors on platforms like satellites. There are several key components, including the energy source (sun), its interaction with the atmosphere and earth surfaces, sensors to record the energy, and processing of the data. Remote sensing provides digital imagery that can be analyzed for applications like land use mapping. Global positioning systems (GPS) provide location data by triangulating signals from satellite constellations. India is developing its own regional GPS network called IRNSS and has also launched satellites for other countries to gain experience in space technologies.
This document provides an introduction to the course GEE-221: Geomorphology-I. It defines geomorphology as the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. It discusses the importance of geomorphology for understanding natural hazards, landforms, and landscapes. The document also outlines various geomorphic processes including weathering, erosion, deposition, mass movement, faulting, folding, volcanism, earthquakes, landslides, diastrophism and metamorphism. These processes are classified as terrestrial or extra-terrestrial, exogenetic or endogenetic. The key agents and products of geomorphic processes are also introduced.
This document discusses various methods used to represent physiographic features on topographical maps. It describes isopleths as lines connecting places of equal value, such as temperature or rainfall. Choropleths show how a measurement varies across a geographic area by shading or patterning areas proportionately. Specific representation methods covered include hachures, hill shading, contour lines, spot heights, and layer tinting.
This document discusses map projections and coordinate systems. It begins with a review of ellipsoids and datums that are used to approximate the shape of the Earth. It then discusses different types of map projections used to transform the spherical Earth onto a flat surface with minimal distortion. Finally, it reviews different coordinate systems and examples of horizontal and vertical datums.
This document discusses different types of map projections used to represent the spherical earth on a flat surface. It describes how all projections involve some distortion of properties like shapes, areas, distances or directions. The key types are conformal, equivalent, and equidistant projections. It explains the concepts of projection surfaces like cones, cylinders and planes, as well as variables like the light source and orientation. Specific common projections are also outlined, such as Mercator, Lambert conformal conic, and azimuthal equidistant, along with their characteristic distortions and uses.
This document provides an overview of geographical information systems (GIS). It discusses that GIS is a computer system for capturing, storing, analyzing and displaying spatial data. The document outlines the history of GIS, its components including hardware, software and data, common data structures like raster and vector, and procedures for spatial analysis and querying. It also discusses applications of GIS in areas like public health for disease mapping and planning interventions. Remote sensing, global positioning systems and their uses are summarized. The document concludes with a SWOT analysis of GIS.
Geodesy is the science of measuring and representing the Earth, including its gravity field. It has applications in monitoring climate change, natural hazards, volcanoes, water resources, soil moisture, glaciers, and landslides using space-based technologies like GNSS, altimetry, and gravity missions. Some key technologies are GPS, GLONASS, altimetry missions like TOPEX and JASON-1, and gravity missions like GRACE and CHAMP. Geodesy has its origins in ancient Greece and has evolved into a modern discipline using satellites to study Earth systems and processes.
Raw remote sensing images contain errors that must be corrected through pre-processing before analysis. Pre-processing involves radiometric, geometric, and atmospheric corrections. Radiometric corrections address distortions in pixel values from issues like noise, striping, or dropped scan lines. Geometric corrections rectify distortions caused by terrain, sensor geometry, and platform movement using ground control points. Atmospheric corrections reduce haze effects through techniques like dark object subtraction that assume minimum surface reflectance values. Pre-processing is essential for producing accurate, georeferenced images suitable for analysis and interpretation.
Errors and biases in GPS measurements arise from a variety of sources including satellite positions, weather, multipath, timing errors, and signal propagation through the atmosphere. These errors are broadly classified as those originating from satellites (ephemeris, clock errors), receivers (clock errors, multipath, noise), and signal propagation (ionospheric and tropospheric delays). Selective availability intentionally added error for non-authorized users until being discontinued in 2000. Differential GPS and other techniques can help reduce or eliminate some biases to achieve sub-meter accuracy.
Map projections allow the representation of locations on the spherical Earth on a flat surface by transforming geospatial coordinates using mathematical formulas. There are different types of map projections that preserve various geometric properties to differing degrees, such as distance, shape, or direction. It is important to choose a projection and coordinate system that suit the intended mapping purpose. Coordinate systems use datums to define relationships between coordinates and locations on the Earth's irregular surface.
Remote sensing plays a large role in enhancing geographic information systems (GIS) by providing large amounts of data needed for GIS. It reduces the need for manual field work and allows the retrieval of data from difficult to access areas. Remote sensing imagery can directly serve as a visual aid in GIS and can indirectly provide information about land use, vegetation, and other features through analysis. As remote sensing technologies advance, they continue to increase the resolution and coverage of data available to integrate within GIS. This leads to more accurate and detailed geographic information systems.
1) Lines of latitude and longitude allow us to accurately describe locations on Earth. Lines of latitude run east-west and indicate how far north or south a place is from the equator, while lines of longitude run north-south and indicate how far east or west a place is from the prime meridian.
2) The prime meridian passes through Greenwich, England and is defined as 0° longitude. Longitude lines are numbered up to 180° east and west of the prime meridian.
3) To write the latitude and longitude coordinates of a location, write the latitude value first, followed by the longitude value. For example, the coordinates of Madrid are 40° 26' N 3° 42' W.
Location. Location. Location. With so many maps and datums out there, how does a person know what datum is correct? How come my GPS coordinates don\'t match up on my map? Why is there a shift of 100 metres? How do I transform between different datums? What is a datum? What is the EPSG? Why have GIS Vendors and Oracle adopted them? Does offshore or onshore make a difference? How come there are so many datums? This presentation looks to provide some answers to some of these questions and to point out that latitude and longitude are not absolute.
Over the decades that surveyors have been trying to map the Earth, history and politics have shaped the way we see the world. Are the borders actually there? What if one nation adopts a standard, but the other does not? Does really matter what the co-ordinate system is? Why when I draw the a UTM Projection, the lines are curved, not in a grid? Is the OGC adopting these standards? So many questions and this presentation aims to answer some of them and provide some light on a complicated and sometimes unclear topic.
Geographic coordinate system & map projectionvishalkedia119
The document discusses geographic coordinate systems and map projections. It defines key concepts like geoid, spheroid, datum, latitude and longitude, projections, and the UTM coordinate system. The UTM system divides the globe into 60 zones, each 6 degrees wide, and uses a Transverse Mercator projection within each zone. UTM coordinates express a point's easting and northing distances in meters from the central meridian and equator/south pole.
Multidimensional analysis of data from Bari Harbour: a GIS based tool for the...SIGEA Puglia
This document summarizes a study analyzing sediment data from Bari Harbour in Italy. Bathymetric and geophysical surveys were conducted from 2009-2011 to characterize sediment volume and quality. Grain size analyses of sediment cores showed a broad variability in sizes depending on depth and location. Combining these data in a GIS allowed for a multidimensional representation of sediment physical characteristics. This information on sediment thickness, volume, and grain size distribution will aid future integrated management of the harbor by informing maintenance dredging needs.
Progetto di ricognizione e verifica del patrimonio geologico esistente, con individuazione dei geositi e delle emergenze geologiche della Regione Puglia.
Progetto di ricognizione e verifica del patrimonio geologico esistente, con individuazione dei geositi e delle emergenze geologiche della Regione Puglia.
Quella ‘Grande Bellezza’ che confina col mare in 25 anni cancellata in più parti dal cemento: pur mantenendo angoli suggestivi e intatti, la visione di insieme fornita dall’ultimo Dossier del WWF “Cemento coast-to coast: 25 anni di natura cancellata dalle più pregiate coste italiane” restituisce, con schede sintetiche e foto da satellitari a confronto, l’immagine di un profilo fragile e bellissimo martoriato da tante ferite
La serata di giovedì 28 novembre realizzata a Parabiago grazie alla colaborazione del circolo di Legambiente Parabiago e del Parco dei Mulini è stata una tappa importante per il progetto “L’Olona entra in città: ricostruzione del corridoio ecologico fluviale nel tessuto metropolitano denso” promosso da Comune di Rho e Legambiente e con la partecipazione di un pool di esperti (Università dell’Insubria, Iridra, Oikos e Idrogea) e finanziato da Fondazione Cariplo.Importante perchè, nonostante il progetto preveda lo studio di interventi di deframmentazione nel terriorio di Rho, è fondamentale creare sinergie e collaborazioni con realtà territoriali a Nord e Sud dell'area di intervento. Per questo gli interventi fatti da Raul del Santo, Parco dei Mulini, e da Gianluigi Forloni, assessore di Rho, vanno nella stessa direzione: creare un collegamento fra diverse progettualità e dunque dare possibilità a questo piccolo varco ecologico di ricrearsi.
Damiano Di Simine, presidente regionale di Legambiente, ha riassunto le condizioni territoriali e di contesto molto difficili con cui il gruppo di progetto deve fare i conti. Un’unica immensa città, grande quasi 12 mila ettari: una gigante “Olonia” con una superfice urbanizzata pari quasi alla metà di quella di Milano ma con una popolazione di circa 240 mila abitanti, tutto questo con gravi conseguenze per lo stato di salute del fiume, per la sicurezza idrogeologica e per la sopravvivenza della biodiversità. Barbara Raimondi, Idrogea e Francesco Bisi, Oikos sono entrati invece nel dettaglio delle campagne di indagine faunistiche e vegetazionali portate avanti in seno al progetto evidenziando i singoli nodi critici che per ora frammentano il corridoio. La serata si è conclusa con la consegna della Guida Olona da Vivere, realizzata da Legambiente con il sostegno di Ianomi, ad uso e consumo di tutti gli abitanti del sottobacino Olona-Bozzente e Lura. (fonte Legambiente)
I Tarantini hanno il Mar Piccolo davanti agli occhi tutta la vita. ...Ma siamo sicuri di conoscere questo particolarissimo ambiente naturale? Lasciamoci guidare dal gruppo di lavoro del progetto Posidonia del Comune di Taranto, coordinato dalla prof.Silvia De Vitis, dedicato agli alunni delle Scuole primarie....e in fondo, anche a tutti noi......
Sin dalle sue origini, la sezione di chimica dell'ITIS di Treviglio, si è caratterizzata per la particolare attenzione alle tematiche ambientali.Il campionamento,
l’analisi delle acque e il monitoraggio dell’aria hanno trovato posto nei piani di studio. Tra le finalità vi è l’incentivazione delle competenze tecniche e lo sviluppo di una, sempre più sensibile, coscienza ambientale.
2016 Slides per il corso di 094933 GEOLOGIA, tenuto dalla prof.a PergalaniLuca Marescotti
Politecnico di Milano, 2015-2016 - secondo semestre.
Materiale di supporto alla didattica usato nel corso tenuto dalla prof.a Floriana Pergalani: 094933 Geologia.
Il corso è tenuto all'interno del corso integrato:
096345 - CI QUALITÀ DEGLI AMBIENTI INSEDIATIVI
Docenti Marescotti Luca Piero , Pergalani Floriana
Il caso Messina - la gestione dell’emergenza a due mesi dal disastro del 1 ot...Ricercazione
Geol. Gian Vito Graziano (Presidente dell’Ordine dei Geologi della Sicilia)
“Difesa del Suolo e Valorizzazione delle Aree Montane:
prevenzione del rischio idrogeologico e cooperazione istituzionale per un territorio fragile”
Urbino, 18 dicembre 2009
Michele Lupo, Gianfranco Vincenzo Pandiscia
Evoluzione della fascia costiera jonica fra i fiumi Bradano e Basento attraverso l'analisi di cartografia e orto immagini storiche e recenti
Convegno Annuale A.I.C., Gorizia, 5-7 maggio 2010
Gruppo di Ecologia: Erosione costiera del sistema dunale di Sabaudia. Domenico Alberti
Lo scopo dello studio è rivolto alla salvaguardia e tutela del litorale costiero del comune di Sabaudia (LT), in particolare è stato effettuato uno studio approfondito sull'erosione costiera delle dune.
Il lavoro del gruppo ha permesso, attraverso un primo step, di evidenziare le caratteristiche principali della duna litoranea di Sabaudia, successivamente sono stati effettuati degli studi concentrati su alcuni tratti del litorale costiero in modo da poter mostrare gli effetti antropici sulla duna. Infine, come ultima fase sono stati introdotti dei provvedimenti, utilizzando risorse rinnovabili, da attuare per facilitare una maggiore salvaguardia e tutela del litorale costiero.
Il progetto è stato infine esposto al Prof. Sergio Zerunian, ex Direttore del Parco Nazionale del Circeo.
Sitografia:
- Verdi Ecologisti Pontini
- WWF Italia
- ISPRA
- parks.it (Parco Nazionale del Circeo)
Comuni di Gorno, Oneta, Oltre il Colle, Promoserio
Convegno, "Il distretto minerario Riso-Parina. Studi, valorizzazione e sviluppo"
Gorno BG, 22 marzo 2014
Diego Marsetti, Ecogeo srl, "Inquadramento geomorfologico e proposte riutilizzo miniere dismesse"
Programma: dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/21632223/Convegno%20miniere%20Gorno%202014/Depliant%20bassa%20sensibile.pdf
Fotografie: picasaweb.google.com/117290793877692021380/IlDistrettoMinerarioRisoParina?authuser=0&feat=directlink
Ecomuseo delle miniere di Gorno: ecomuseominieredigorno.it/cms/
1. Dinamica e
morfologia costiera
Prof. Geol. Giuseppe Mastronuzzi
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e
Geoambientali
Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro”, Bari
3. La risalita del mare
nel corso dell’Olocene
ha comportato la veloce
sommersione
di parte di versanti
originariamente
modellati in ambiente
subaereo.
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Costa orientale del Salento
Lecce
4. Con lo stazionamento del livello del mare raggiunto
circa 6/5000 anni BP il mare ha iniziato su quei
versanti una continua azione di smantellamento, più o
meno efficace in funzione dell’assetto morfologico e
litostrutturale del corpo roccioso su cui
quei versanti erano modellati.
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Milella et al., 2006, Il Quaternario
Lambeck e Bard, 2000, EPSL
5. MORFODINAMICA DELL’AMBIENTE COSTIERO
Essa è determinata
dalla combinazione di processi marini e continentali:
- Processi a breve/medio termine;
(variazioni relative del livello del mare,
eustatismo, tettonica, ecc.)
- Processi istantanei o parossistici;
(mareggiate, tsunami, alluvioni, smottamenti, crolli)
- Processi continui;
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
(onde, correnti, maree, deriva litorale, ecc.)
- Processi attivati da azioni antropiche
(dirette ed indirette).
6. Agenti e fattori
geologici
che condizionano
l’evoluzione e
la dinamica
dell’ambiente costiero
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Morner, 1994, JCR
18. La spiaggia è un sistema mobile,
elastico e dinamico
rispetto alle sollecitazioni esterne,
la cui esistenza è il risultato di
circa 6/5000 anni di evoluzione e
della dinamica odierna.
19. Classificazione delle
spiagge su base
morfodinamica
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Mastronuzzi and Sansò, 2002,
Sed. Geol.
21. Il nutriente dal mare
Materasso detritico
Il coralligeno e
le alghe fotofile
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
+
La prateria di
Posidonia oceanica =
22. Piana del Fortore, Foggia
Spiagge di piane alluvionali
(apporti fluviali e
subordinatamente marini)
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Foto M. Caldara
23. Spiagge di insenature definite da promontori rocciosi
= pocket beach
(apporti marini, fluviali e
di demolizione delle coste rocciose)
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Foto M. Caldara Vieste, Foggia
24. Lo stato attuale
Il Pilone, Brindisi
Punta Penna Grossa, Brindisi
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Il Capitolo, Bari
26. Le cause
dell’arretramento
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
27. Arresto della
deriva litorale
causa presenza
di opere
antropiche
Le protezioni della falesia
di Colle Ardizio, Pesaro
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Le protezioni della falesia
di Pineto Scalo, Pescara
28. La presenza dei
porti sopraflutto
Accumuli di sedimento,
di foglie e di alghe
nel porto di Torre Canne
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
29. Porto di Savelletri = .8m di interrimento
Porto di Torre Canne = .7m di interrimento
Porto di Villanova = .6m di interrimento
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Torre Canne - ostruzione
del porto da parte di foglie di Posidonia oceanica
30. Lido Morelli, Brindisi
Rosa Marina, Brindisi
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
La pulizia della spiagge
con mezzi pesanti
e lo scalzamento della duna
31. L’uso delle foglie di Posidonia e
della sabbia quale concime;
il prelievo della sabbia
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
per l’uso in edilizia
2.5 kg di “detrito” = 0.4 kg di foglie + 2.1 kg di sabbia!!!!!!!!!!!
32. Torre Canne, Brindisi
Rosa Marina, Brindisi
L’apertura di varchi
nell’apparato dunare
Porto Cesareo, Lecce
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
33. La distruzione
del corpo dunare
Porto Cesareo, Lecce
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Casalabate, Lecce
36. Falesie con componente
di modellamento
gravitativo subaereo
Falesie “pure”
Foto G. Palmentola
Capo Colonna, Crotone
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Porto Miggiano, Lecce
39. Lesina, Foggia
I sink holes
Ostuni, Brindisi
Foto A. Vitale
Le “Spunnulate”, Nardò, Lecce
40. A meno dell’effetto di abrasione sono i fattori
intrinsechi cioè i caratteri litostrutturali definiti
dai parametri morfologici, geotecnici e
strutturali:
c = coesione
φ = angolo di attrito interno
θ = angolo del versante
γ = peso specifico della roccia
q = resistenza alla compressione
Così l’altezza critica di una falesia è
Hc = 4c(sen θ cos φ /1 - cos (θ – φ))/γ
o, ancora,
Mastronuzzi et al., 1992,
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Boll. Oc. Teor. Appl.
Hc= 4c tg(45+ φ/2)/γ
Hc= q/γ
51. Torre Santa Sabina, Brindisi
Il blocco “errante” B87
Position after the January 4, 2002 storm
Final position after the Initial position
January 4, 2003 24 m
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Mastronuzzi & Sanso, 2004, Quaternary International
57. Sant’Emiliano,
Otranto, Lecce
Boulder berm (max 70 tons)
about 2,5 km long
Attributed to the February 20, 1743
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Seismogenic tsunami
Mastronuzzi et al., 2007,
Marine Geology
58. FOCE S. ANDREA
KE
TORRE SCAMPAMORTE
WASHOVER FAN
A
LA D
RI
A
IN
S C. FOCE CAUTO A
TI
LE C
SE
Lesina, Foggia POST TSUNAMI
COASTAL BARRIER
A
RECOVERY
N
DEGRADATED COASTAL
BARRIER
Gianfreda et al., FOCE CAUTO
2001, Nat. Hazard WASHOVER FAN
Mastronuzzi e Sansò,
2002, JQS.
Gravina et al., 2005,
Mediterranée
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Quattro tsunami avvenuti rispettivamente nel
2430 +/- 40 BP (= 736 +/- 20 cal BC);
1590 +/- 190 BP (= 488 +/- 55 cal A.D. = 493 A.D.?);
1520 +/- 110 BP (= 1009 +/- 130 cal A.D. = 1087 A.D.?);
880 +/- 40 BP (= 1557 +/- 66 cal A.D. = 1627 A.D.?).
59. (Greuter, 1627)
Costa di Lesina
(Foggia)
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
“… il mare si ritirò dentro il suo letto tre miglia,
e poi uscì fuori con grand’impeto di miglia entro terra …”
(Del Vasto, 1627)
60. Ionian coast, South to Taranto –
17 Aprile 1836 :
…dopo una primavera molto piovosa ed un’orribile tempesta accaduta il
17 aprile 1836 nel golfo tarentino seguirono pochi giorni sereni fino al 24
Aprile 1836 …Verso mezzanotte dell’istesso giorno gli animali mostrarono
soverchia inquietudine, il mare divenne grosso e tempestoso e sopra di esso
fa’ vista una meteora di color fuoco, in quel punto accompagnato da cupo
rumore un terremoto durò 20 secondi e dopo 3 minuti replicò
violentemente…
(Baffi, 1929)
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
61. Grazie ad evidenze geologiche e geomorfologiche sono stati riconosciuti almeno
15 differenti tsunami che hanno colpito le coste del Mediterraneo negli ultimi 6000
anni circa,
generati da terremoti, eruzioni vulcaniche e frane sottomarine:
• 3500 BP (Santorini, Mediterranean Sea);
•736 BP (Lesina, Apulia);
•365 AD (Crete, Mediterranean Sea)
• 493 a.D. (Lesina, Apulia);
• 1087 a.D (Lesina, Apulia);
• February 4th, 1169 (Sicily);
•1300 a.D. (Crete)
• December 5th, 1456 (Ionian Apulia);
•July 30th, 1627 (Lesina, Apulia)
• April 6th, 1667 (Adriatic Apulia, Croatia)
• January 11th, 1693 (Sicily);
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
• February 20th, 1743 (Ionian and Adriatic Apulia);
•February 6th, 1783 (Scilla, Thyrrenian Calabria)
• end of XIX century (1836?) (Ionian Calabria and Ionian Apulia);
• December 28th, 1908 (Sicily).
62. 5. Conclusioni
… per gestire bisogna conoscere,
per conoscere bisogna studiare …
… c’è molto ancora da studiare per gestire bene!
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
63. I dati qui presentati sono risultato dei seguenti progetti nazionali:
MURST COFIN 1999-2000
Morfodinamica dei sistemi costieri: processi naturali ed influenze antropiche.
(Responsabile Nazionale: Prof. Giuliano Fierro; Responsabile U.O.: Prof. Giovanni Palmentola).
Project S2 2004-06
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia -
Dipartimento Protezione Civile
“Valutazione del potenziale sismogenetico e probabilità dei forti terremoti in Italia”
National Coordinators: Dott. D. Slejko and Dott. G. Valensise;
Local Coordinator Bari/Lecce Unit: Prof. G. Mastronuzzi.
Progetto ARCHEOMAR 2004-06
Ministero dei Beni Culurali ed Ambientali
National Coordinators: Dott. Luigi Fozzati
Local Coordinator Puglia Unit: Prof. G. Mastronuzzi;
MIUR COFIN 2005-2006 Project:
“Analysis of risk from tsunamis in the Calabrian Arc and in the Adriatic Sea ”
National Coordinator: Prof. S. Tinti,
Local Coordinator Bari Unit: Prof. G. Mastronuzzi; Local Coordinator Lecce Unit: Prof. P.Sansò.
Project S1 2007/09
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia -
Dipartimento Protezione Civile
“Analysis of the seismic potential in Italy for the evaluation of the seismic hazard”
Coordinatori Nazionali : Prof. S. Barba, Prof. C. Doglioni
UR 6.03– responsabile: Prof G. Mastronuzzi, Univ. di Bari
64. e dei progetti internazionali:
IGCP Project n.437 1999-2003
International Geological Correlation Programme
“Coastal Environmental Change During Sea-Level Highstands: a global synthesis for future
management of coastal change” dell’UNESCO – IUGS (Project Leader: Prof. C. Murray Wallace,
University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia;
Italian Delegates: G.Mastronuzzi, P. Sansò).
IGCP Project n.495 2004–2009
International Geological Correlation Programme
“Quaternary Land-Ocean Interactions: Driving Mechanisms and Coastal Responses ”
dell’UNESCO – IUGS
(Project Leaders: Dr. A. Long, University of Durham, UK;
Dr. S. Islam, University of Chittangong, Bangladesh;
Italian Delegates: G.Mastronuzzi, P. Sansò).
IGCP Project n.588 2010–2015
International Geological Correlation Programme
“Preparing for coastal changes:
A detailed process-response framework for coastal change at different timescale”
dell’UNESCO – IUGS.
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it
(Project Leaders: Dr. A. Switzer, EOS, Singapore;
Dr. Craig Sloss, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Prof. B. Horton,
University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA;
Dr. Y. Zong, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R. China
Italian Delegates: G.Mastronuzzi).
66. La presentazione è stata prodotta ai soli fini
scientifici e non è in commercio.
Le diapositive mostrate sono dell’autore o
tratte da lavori scientifici dei partecipanti
a progetti di ricerca o da contributi
comunque indicati in bibliografia.
Qualora esse siano state riportate
omettendone o citandone erroneamente la
fonte si prega di segnalare l’imprecisione
all’autore della presentazione.
g.mastrozz@geo.uniba.it