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DIGITAL IMAGE
 PROCESSING

         by
          Avisek Roy
          09/ECE/28
Contents
 Introduction
 History
 Key Stages In DIP
 Applications
 Conclusion
 References
Introduction
A digital image is a representation of a two-
dimensional image as a finite set of digital values,
called picture elements or pixels.
1 pixel




Digital image processing focuses on two major tasks:
   Improvement of pictorial information for human
      interpretation
   Processing of image data for storage, transmission and
      representation for autonomous machine perception
History

In early 1920s

Mid to late 1920s

In 1960s
                      Improved            Early 15 tone digital
In 1970s            digital image                image
                             A picture of the moonCAT
                                Typical head slice taken
                                         image
                               by the Ranger 7 probe
                               minutes before landing
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing


                   Image       Morphological
                 Restoration    Processing



    Image
                                               Segmentation
 Enhancement


    Image
  Acquisition                                  Representation
                                                & Description


Problem Domain
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Acquisition
                   Image       Morphological
                 Restoration    Processing



    Image
                                               Segmentation
 Enhancement


    Image
  Acquisition                                  Representation
                                                & Description


Problem Domain
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Enhancement
                   Image       Morphological
                 Restoration    Processing



    Image
                                               Segmentation
 Enhancement


    Image
  Acquisition                                  Representation
                                                & Description


Problem Domain
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Restoration
                   Image       Morphological
                 Restoration    Processing



    Image
                                               Segmentation
 Enhancement


    Image
  Acquisition                                  Representation
                                                & Description


Problem Domain
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Morphological Processing

                   Image       Morphological
                 Restoration    Processing



    Image
                                               Segmentation
 Enhancement


    Image
  Acquisition                                  Representation
                                                & Description


Problem Domain
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Segmentation
                   Image       Morphological
                 Restoration    Processing



    Image
                                               Segmentation
 Enhancement


    Image
  Acquisition                                  Representation
                                                & Description


Problem Domain
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Object Recognition
                   Image       Morphological
                 Restoration    Processing



    Image
                                               Segmentation
 Enhancement


    Image
  Acquisition                                  Representation
                                                & Description


Problem Domain
Applications
  Image enhancement
  Artistic effects
  Medical visualisation
  Industrial inspection
  Law enforcement
  Human computer interfaces
Image Enhancement
Artistic Effects




Effects given in pictures



                            Special Effects shown in
                                      films
Medicine




Original MRI Image of a Dog Heart        Edge Detection Image




          Original X-Ray Image      Enhanced X-Ray Image
Industrial Inspection




                        PCB Inspection
Law Enforcement




  Number plate recognition



                             Fingerprint recognition
Human Computer Interface




     Face Recognition




    Gesture Recognition
Conclusion
    The processing of images is faster and more cost-effective. One needs less time
for processing, as well as less film and other photographing equipment.
    It is more ecological to process images. No processing or fixing chemicals are
needed to take and process digital images. However, printing inks are essential
when printing digital images.
   When shooting a digital image, one can immediately see if the image is good or
not. Copying a digital image is easy, and the quality of the image stays good unless it
is compressed.

   However, it has some disadvantages too. A digital file of a certain
size cannot be enlarged with a good quality anymore. For instance, a good poster
cannot be made of an image file of 500 kb. However, it is easy to make an image
smaller.
References
• Picture Processing by Computer, New York: Academic Press, 1969

• “Digital Image Processing”, Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods,
Addison-Wesley, 2002

• “Machine Vision: Automated Visual Inspection and Robot Vision”,
 David Vernon, Prentice Hall, 1991

• Anil K. Jain, “Fundamentals Of Digital Image
Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1986
THANK YOU

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Digital image processing

  • 1. DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING by Avisek Roy 09/ECE/28
  • 2. Contents Introduction History Key Stages In DIP Applications Conclusion References
  • 3. Introduction A digital image is a representation of a two- dimensional image as a finite set of digital values, called picture elements or pixels.
  • 4. 1 pixel Digital image processing focuses on two major tasks: Improvement of pictorial information for human interpretation Processing of image data for storage, transmission and representation for autonomous machine perception
  • 5. History In early 1920s Mid to late 1920s In 1960s Improved Early 15 tone digital In 1970s digital image image A picture of the moonCAT Typical head slice taken image by the Ranger 7 probe minutes before landing
  • 6. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing Image Morphological Restoration Processing Image Segmentation Enhancement Image Acquisition Representation & Description Problem Domain
  • 7. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing: Image Acquisition Image Morphological Restoration Processing Image Segmentation Enhancement Image Acquisition Representation & Description Problem Domain
  • 8. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing: Image Enhancement Image Morphological Restoration Processing Image Segmentation Enhancement Image Acquisition Representation & Description Problem Domain
  • 9. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing: Image Restoration Image Morphological Restoration Processing Image Segmentation Enhancement Image Acquisition Representation & Description Problem Domain
  • 10. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing: Morphological Processing Image Morphological Restoration Processing Image Segmentation Enhancement Image Acquisition Representation & Description Problem Domain
  • 11. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing: Segmentation Image Morphological Restoration Processing Image Segmentation Enhancement Image Acquisition Representation & Description Problem Domain
  • 12. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing: Object Recognition Image Morphological Restoration Processing Image Segmentation Enhancement Image Acquisition Representation & Description Problem Domain
  • 13. Applications Image enhancement Artistic effects Medical visualisation Industrial inspection Law enforcement Human computer interfaces
  • 15. Artistic Effects Effects given in pictures Special Effects shown in films
  • 16. Medicine Original MRI Image of a Dog Heart Edge Detection Image Original X-Ray Image Enhanced X-Ray Image
  • 17. Industrial Inspection PCB Inspection
  • 18. Law Enforcement Number plate recognition Fingerprint recognition
  • 19. Human Computer Interface Face Recognition Gesture Recognition
  • 20. Conclusion The processing of images is faster and more cost-effective. One needs less time for processing, as well as less film and other photographing equipment. It is more ecological to process images. No processing or fixing chemicals are needed to take and process digital images. However, printing inks are essential when printing digital images. When shooting a digital image, one can immediately see if the image is good or not. Copying a digital image is easy, and the quality of the image stays good unless it is compressed. However, it has some disadvantages too. A digital file of a certain size cannot be enlarged with a good quality anymore. For instance, a good poster cannot be made of an image file of 500 kb. However, it is easy to make an image smaller.
  • 21. References • Picture Processing by Computer, New York: Academic Press, 1969 • “Digital Image Processing”, Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods, Addison-Wesley, 2002 • “Machine Vision: Automated Visual Inspection and Robot Vision”, David Vernon, Prentice Hall, 1991 • Anil K. Jain, “Fundamentals Of Digital Image Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1986