Digital image processing focuses on improving images for human interpretation and machine perception. It involves key stages like acquisition, enhancement, restoration, morphological processing, segmentation, and representation. Applications include medical imaging, industrial inspection, law enforcement, and human-computer interfaces. While digital images allow for faster and more efficient processing than analog images, limitations include reduced quality if enlarged beyond a certain file size.

1. DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING
by
Avisek Roy
09/ECE/28

2. Contents
Introduction
History
Key Stages In DIP
Applications
Conclusion
References

3. Introduction
A digital image is a representation of a two-
dimensional image as a finite set of digital values,
called picture elements or pixels.

4. 1 pixel
Digital image processing focuses on two major tasks:
Improvement of pictorial information for human
interpretation
Processing of image data for storage, transmission and
representation for autonomous machine perception

5. History
In early 1920s
Mid to late 1920s
In 1960s
Improved Early 15 tone digital
In 1970s digital image image
A picture of the moonCAT
Typical head slice taken
image
by the Ranger 7 probe
minutes before landing

6. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image
Acquisition Representation
& Description
Problem Domain

7. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Acquisition
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image
Acquisition Representation
& Description
Problem Domain

8. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Enhancement
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image
Acquisition Representation
& Description
Problem Domain

9. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Restoration
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image
Acquisition Representation
& Description
Problem Domain

10. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Morphological Processing
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image
Acquisition Representation
& Description
Problem Domain

11. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Segmentation
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image
Acquisition Representation
& Description
Problem Domain

12. Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Object Recognition
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image
Acquisition Representation
& Description
Problem Domain

13. Applications
Image enhancement
Artistic effects
Medical visualisation
Industrial inspection
Law enforcement
Human computer interfaces

14. Image Enhancement

15. Artistic Effects
Effects given in pictures
Special Effects shown in
films

16. Medicine
Original MRI Image of a Dog Heart Edge Detection Image
Original X-Ray Image Enhanced X-Ray Image

17. Industrial Inspection
PCB Inspection

18. Law Enforcement
Number plate recognition
Fingerprint recognition

19. Human Computer Interface
Face Recognition
Gesture Recognition

20. Conclusion
The processing of images is faster and more cost-effective. One needs less time
for processing, as well as less film and other photographing equipment.
It is more ecological to process images. No processing or fixing chemicals are
needed to take and process digital images. However, printing inks are essential
when printing digital images.
When shooting a digital image, one can immediately see if the image is good or
not. Copying a digital image is easy, and the quality of the image stays good unless it
is compressed.
However, it has some disadvantages too. A digital file of a certain
size cannot be enlarged with a good quality anymore. For instance, a good poster
cannot be made of an image file of 500 kb. However, it is easy to make an image
smaller.

21. References
• Picture Processing by Computer, New York: Academic Press, 1969
• “Digital Image Processing”, Rafael C. Gonzalez & Richard E. Woods,
Addison-Wesley, 2002
• “Machine Vision: Automated Visual Inspection and Robot Vision”,
David Vernon, Prentice Hall, 1991
• Anil K. Jain, “Fundamentals Of Digital Image
Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1986

22. THANK YOU