Images are visual representations that can be used to record and present information. There are various techniques for acquiring, processing, and manipulating digital images with computers. The fundamental steps in digital image processing typically involve image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, compression, and segmentation. Imaging systems cover a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum and light is commonly used for imaging due to its safe, reliable, and controllable properties.

1. An Introduction to Image Rendering

2. Images are Pictures!!
 A way of recording and presenting information
visually.
 Used to save visual experiences.
 A picture is worth a 1000 words…I think more!!!

3. Photography

 An imaging technique.
 Requires a light source – be it any portion of
electromagnetic spectrum.
 It includes X-rays as well as microwaves.

4. X-Ray Image


5. Digital Elevation Model
of Antarctica


6. Image Processing

 Wide range of techniques available for modifying
and manipulating images in various ways.
 DIP-Digital Image Processing
 Processing of digital images with the help of
computers.

7. Example: Contrast
Enhancement


8. Removal of Motion Blur


9. Image Warping


10. Imaging

 Imaging is the process of acquiring images.
 Shorthand for image acquisition.
 Process of sensing our surroundings and then
representing the measurements that are made in the
form of an image.
 Passive imaging – employs energy sources that are
already present in the scene.
 Active imaging – involves use of artificial energy
sources to probe our surroundings.

11. Imaging Contd…

 Passive imaging is subject to the limitations of
existing energy sources.
 Active imaging is not restrictive in this way but is
invariably a more complicated & expensive
procedure.
 Active imaging predominates in medical field, where
precise control over radiations sources is essential.
 Active imaging is also an important tool in remote
sensing.

12. Why prefer Light in
imaging?

 Light is familiar, and inherently safe.
 Light can be generated reliably and cheaply.
 Light is easy to control and process with optical
hardware.
 Light can be detected easily.

13. Image Formation


14. Image Defined

 A 2-D function, f( x, y ), where x and y are
spatial(plane) coordinates, & the amplitude of f at
any pair of coordinates (x, y) is called the intensity or
grey level of the image at that point.
 When x, y, and the amplitude values of f are all
finite, discrete quantities, we call the image a digital
image.
 Imaging machines cover almost the entire EM
spectrum, ranging from gamma to radio waves.

15. Fundamental Steps in a
DIP

 Image Acquisition
 Image Enhancement
 Image Restoration
 Color Image Processing
 Wavelets
 Compression
 Morphological Processing
 Segmentation
 Representation and Description
 Recognition

16. Wavelets &
Color Morphological
Multiresolution Compression
processing processing
processing
Image
Segmentation
restoration
Representation
Image
Knowledge Base &
Enhancement
description
Image Object
Acquisiion Recognition

17. Components of Image
processing
 Network
Image displays Computer Mass Storage
Specialized Image
Image processing
Hardcopy processing
software
hardware
Problem
Image Sensors
Domain

18. 
Any Queries??