This document summarizes clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment for various diseases in cattle including diarrhea, wooden tongue, lumpy jaw, foot and mouth disease, and left displaced abomasum. For diarrhea, it provides a scheme for differential diagnosis based on temperature, fecal exam, and case history. Treatment depends on the identified cause and may include antibiotics, astringents, antidiarrheal medications, fluid therapy, or anthelmintics. Clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment are also outlined for other diseases such as wooden tongue, lumpy jaw, foot and mouth disease, and left displaced abomasum.

2. Clinical signs
-Frequent evacuation of watery feces &may contain
blood or sherds of mucous and have unpleasant
odour.
-by auscultation of intestine increase prestaltic
sound .
-body temp. in case of infectious disease (bacteria
or virus).
-M.M *congested in infectious
*pale in parasitic infestation
*icteric in hepatic dysfunction(fasciola)
Scheme for D.D:
1-Take body temp.:
-if high infectiuos(bacteria or virus)
-if normal parasitic , nutritional or
toxic.
2-Fecal exam.:
-if(+ve) parasitic
-if(-ve) nutritional or toxic
3-Take case history may be history of
toxicity or history of change of diet
Treatment:
1- give systemic broad spectrum antibiotic (if there is
systemic change on animal)
e.g:
Enroflox 1cm /40 kg ,I/M,every 24 hr
Or
Sulphaimidine 15 cm /100 kg ,I/M or I/V ,every 24 hr
Or
Give local antibiotic as terramycine tablets
cattle 1-4 tab/daily
sheep→½-2 tab/daily
2-Give local astringent as :
tannic acid → 10 gm/cattle/orally
or starch→100 gm/cattle/orally
3-give patent preparation as:
Neodiaclean , Biodiristin , diaclean
½ sachet /calves & sheep/twice daily
2 sachet /cattle/twice daily
4-mixture of sulfaguanidine 20 gm/100 kg B.wt+
chlormphenicol +tannic acid
5-give fluid therapy(saline or ringer lactate)+glucose 5%
-in sever case give NaHCo3 (to treat the acidosis)
6-in case of coccidia :- Amprolium+sulfaguanidine
mixture→ 5gm/100kg/orally/5 days
7-in case of parasite give anthelmentics

3. 8-in case of toxicity:
a-give purgative (liquid parafine→ 1 liter/100kg
b.wt or Mg sulfate→ 500gm/orally/cattle)
b-give astringent as tannic acid
c-give antidote as atropine sulfate→ 5 cm / cattle.
d-give cal-D-Mag→ I/V as cardiac tonic
9-if the cause is nutritional correction of the diet.
10-in case of dietetic scour stop of milk feeding for
24 hr then refeeding gradually
D.D OF DIARRHEA in calves:
1-clostridium prefringens up to 10 days old , has
blood in feces
2- dietary scour up to 4 weeks
3-colibacillosis up to 1 week &may has blood
4-rota & crona virus 1-21 days old
5- salmonella 5-120 days old & and may has blood
6-coccidiosis over 17 day old &has blood in
feces and mucus
7- cryptosporidiosis 5-28 days old
greenish in colour
Wooden tongue

4. (Chronic infectious disease of cattle)
**ch` by inflammation of soft tissue of the head
(tongue)
*the disease common occur in adult age
*feeding of coarse feeds predisposing factor
**clinical signs:
1- salivation , difficult mastication & appetite
2- swelling of tongue , hard , have round yellow
lesion(2-5 mm)
3- swelling of retropharyngeal & submandibular
L.N
**Treatment :
1- I/V injection of Sod.iodide 10% as:
1gm/12 kg / b. wt/ repeated after 10-14
days
2- intensive coarse of antibiotic for 5
successive days as:
I/M injection of Streptopencid
2 vial/12 hr
Lumpy jaw

5. *chronic , infectious disease of cattle ch` by
suppurative granulation of the bones of head
(mandible)
*cattle , buffaloes are most commonly susceptible
*feeding of coarse foods predisposing factors
Clinical signs :
1-painless bony swelling (very hard
&immovable)
2-the swelling break through the skin
discharge of pus small in amount , sticky
honey like fluid contain yellow-white
granules (sulfur granules)
3- in severe cases salivation , difficult
mastication & appetite
Treatment
1- I/V injection of Sod.Iodide 10% 1 gm/12 kg
b.wt /repeated after 10 -14 days
2-intensive coarse of antibiotic for 5 successive
days I/M injection of Streptopencid
2 vial/12hr
3- surgical treatment of the growth

6. Ch` clinically by :
fever , diarrhea , salivation , leucopenia , ulceration
& erosion of G.I.T
*infect cattle & buffalo mainly occur from 8 months to
2 years
Clinical signs
1-fever (40-41 c) , depression , anorexia .................etc
2-profuse salivation
3-watery diarrhea
4- erosion & ulcer on oral mucosa , muzzle & nostrils
5-mucopurulent nasal discharge
6-lacrimation & corneal opacity
( from central to peripheral)
7-congenital anomalies of fetus

7. D.D
a-from disease cause oral lesion + diarrhea:
M.C.F , R.P , I.B.R (alimentary form)
b-from disease cause oral lesion without diarrhea:
F.M.D , Vesicular stomatitis , Blue tongue , Bovine papular stomatitis
& necrotic stomatitis
c-from disease cause diarrhea without oral lesion :
Salomellosis , nutritional deficiency , parasitic diarrhea ,
enterotoxaemia & Johne`s disease
Treatment
1-(no specific treatment) , symptomatic treatment as :
a-I/V injection of Analgine (fever)
b-I/M injection of broad spectrum antibiotic to control secondary
bacterial infection as :
Streptopencid 2 vial / 12 hr/I.M
Enroflox 1 cm / 40 kg b.wt /I.M/ 24 hr

8. c-I/V injection of Glucose 5 % + Ringer 1-2 liter
2-treatment of diarrhea → Neodiaclean sachet
→ 2 sachet / 12 hr / large animal
Vaccination
*modified live attenuated vaccine ( not used in Egypt)
*given 1 month before parturition in 2 doses with 2 week
interval
* given to calves 1-6 months of age
* booster dose every 6 month
==disadvantage → immunosuppressive
*it is aprimary disease of sheep & may affect cattle (rare)
( it is insect born viral disease)
Clinical signs:
1-fever (41-42 c)
2-depression & weakness
3-hyperemia & cyanosis of the M.M of tongue
4-ulceration in and around mouth
5-frothy salivation
6-nasal discharge
7-lameness & recumbancy
8-abortion in pregnant ewe

10. D.D
a- from contagious ecthyma → have proliferative lesion (no ulcerative
lesion) + no systemic reaction
b- F.M.D → in early stage , there is vesicles ( ulcer in both disease
difficult to be differentiate)
c- from lesion cause lamness as polyartheritis , foot rot , foot abscess
& white muscle disease
Treatment
1-local mouth washing with pot.permengnate 1/4000
2-systemic treatment :
a-broad spectrum antibiotic as Panterramycine
1 cm / 10 kg b.wt / I.M / 24 hr (or other A.B)
b-I/V injection of Novalgine → 10 cm / 100 kg b.wt (fever)
c- I/V injection of Dexterose 25% → ½ - 1 liter
Vaccination
Live attenuated vaccine:-
*give immunity for 1 year 7 the colostral
antibodies persist for 3-6 monthes
*pregnant animal not vaccinated
*should be given 3-6 week before the begining
of the service period

11. Ch` clinically by presence of eroded plaques on the teats &
udder and around mouth of suckling calves
Clinical signs:
1- the lesion seen only in teat & appear as follow :
erythema → vesicle or pustule → ruptures → thick scab
(½ - 2.5 cm) → elevated → the scab drop off → leave
horseshoe shaped ring of small scabs surrounded by a
wart like granuloma
The previous lesion can occur around mouth of calves
Treatment
* removal of scabs & application of emollient cream before
milking & astringent solution after milking
The disease start as small painless papule
on the superficial layer of the skin of teat
Healing phase (the scabs slowly resolve)

12. Circular area delineated by small red scabs
Very rough , slightly moist papilli
form appearance with several
elevated masses

13. Oral necrobacillosis

14. Fusobacterium necrophorumCause :
*common occur in calves of age less than 3 month old
Clinical signs:
1-fever , depression & anorexia
2-necrotic stomatitis & necrotic deep ulcer on oral
mucosa
3-foul smelling of mouth
4-swelling & protosion of tongue
5-cough & dyspnea
Treatment :
1-I/M injection of Streptopencid 1 vial / 12 hr
or Panterramycin 1 cm / 10 kg B.wt / daily for 2 weeks
2-removal of necrotic materials & application of Tr.iodine

15. dysphagia
Clinical signs:
1- anorexia
2- dysphagia
3- drooling of saliva
4- regurgitation of food & water
5- free gas bloat in ruminants
Diagnosis :
by passage of stomach tube → not pass
Treatment :
1-I/V or I/M injection of Atropine sulfate 1 % 3-5 cm /
cattle & horse
(for relaxation of wall of esophagus )
2-pushing of the foreign body to the stomach by st.tube

16. *it is highly contagious viral disease of cloven footed
animals (cattle , buffaloes , sheep & goats)
*high morbidity & low mortality in adults & high morbidity
rate in calves
*ch` clinically by :
-fever -ropy salivation
- vesicle formation in oral cavity , interdigital space &
coronary band
*clinical signs:
1-high fever (40-41 ºc) , depression , anorexia
2-vesicle formation on oral M.M→ ropy salivation , vesicle
of 1-2 cm , on M.M of mouth , dorsal aspect of tongue ,
dental pad , muzzle , udder , teat , in the interdigital space
& coronary band
3-the body temperature return to normal after rupture of
vesicle
4-the vesicle → rupture within 24 hr → leaving painful raw
erosion → heals within 4 week (may be complicated by
secondary bacterial invasions)
5-severe lameness
6-in calves , lambs → sudden death without any previous
signs (due to myocardial necrosis)
**D.D:
a-from disease cause vesicular lesion as :
-vesicular stomatitis → affect horse while FMD not
affect horse
b-from mucosal disease complex as :
- Mucosal disease (MD)
- Rinder pest (RP)
- Malignant cattarral fever (MCV)
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
c-from herps complex as :
- Bovine papular stomatitis
- Cow pox
- bovine mammalitis
d- from disease cause lameness as:
- foot rot
- bovine emphemeral fever

18. Excessive area of sloughing of epithelium on the
tongue

19. The inter digital space shows white spread ulceration
along its entire length Vesicle formation on the coronary band

20. Treatment
**in endemic area as in Egypt , applied of systemic
treatment as:
1-broad spectrum antibiotic :
I/M injection of panterramycine 1 cm / kg b.wt
or streptopencid 2 vial / 12 hr
2-oral antiseptic as Pot.permenganat 1/4000 (mouth
wash)
3-antipyretic as Novalgine I/V → 10 cm / 100 kg b.wt
4-give the animal soft & easily digested food
5-for foot lesion → foot bath in copper sulfate 5 %
Vaccination
(in endemic area)
By using of killed inactivated vaccine
*it give immunity for 8 month
*the dose : 2 ml / cattle , buffalo & calves / S.C
1 ml / sheep / S.C
*AGE : a- if calves born to vaccinated dams → it vaccinated
at 6 month of age & booster dose at 10 month
b- if the calves born to non-vaccinated dams → it
vaccinated at 4 month of age & booster dose at 8
month
*it require 2 vaccination / year (booster dose after 6 month)

21. Clinical signs
1-anorexia & general depression
2-cessation of rumination
3-distension of left flank
4-by palpation of rumen firm,doughy material
5-by auscultation of rumen *R.stasis
*Presence of tinkling sound
6-profuse diarrhea(pasty feces & contain undigested food
particle)
7-severe dehydration , H.R (100/minute) & respiratory
rate(60-90/minute) shallow,rapid
8-the temp. is sub normal (severe case)
9-sternal recumbency after 48 hr & their head turned into
the flank (as milk fever)
N.B/when H.R. reach 120/minute bad prognosis & death
occur within 24-48 hr
Treatment:
1-liquid paraffin 1 liter/100 kg b.wt/cattle/orally (for evacuation of ruminal
content)
2- oral administration of sod.bicarbonate (antiacid) → 1 gm /kg b.wt/cattle
3- oral administration of antibiotic:
e.g: terramycine powder 5-8 gm /orally/cattle
4- I/M injectin of Bykahebar 1 cm/10 kg b.wt/single dose
5-oral administration of stomachic as:
Supermash 1 sachet/cattle/200 cm water
⅓ sachet/sheep/100 cm water
or vapcodigest , uccmadigest , bykodigest...
6- fluid therapy (I/V):
a-saline or ringer lactate or dextrose 5% 3-4 liter
b-sod.bicarbonate 5% 2-5 liter/450 kg b.wt/I.V then after 12 hr give
sod.bicarbonate 1.3% 150 ml/kg b.wt/I.V
****N.B:
commercial drug used is : Laxavet
1 sachet/cattle/1 liter water/orally
½ sachet/sheep/½ liter water/orally
*ch` by chronic diarrhea & progressive emaciation
*most common in cattle & buffaloes
*cattle take infection during 1st 6 month of life
Clinical signs
appear at 4 years age
*severe emaciation , drop in milk production
*chronic diarrhea (continous or intermittent )
*submandibular edema

22. Diagnosis
●depend on history of chronic diarrhea which is
not respond to treatment & progressive weight
loss & emaciation
●from single intradermal test
D.D
●FROM:
-salmonellosis
-coccidiosis → (+ve) oocyst in feces
-parasitism → (+ve) egg in feces
-copper deficiency
-chronic debilitating disease

23. *the highly producing dairy cattle is highly
susceptable especially after parturition(6
week)
*ketosis & fatty liver→are common
concurrent disease with LDA
*hypocalcemia →predispose for LDA
Clinical signs
1-sudden & complete anorexia
2-sudden drop in milk production
3-R.atony
4-severe abdominal distension (abomasum appear as a
bulge in left paralumber fossa)
5-scanty & soft feces
6-ping sound heared on from 9th to 13th ribs on left
paralumber fossa(in middle & upper third)
7-Rectal exam:-
a-rumen is smaller than normal
b-palpation of the distended abomasum between the
rumen & left abdominal wall
Treatment:
1-surgical treatment
2-give fluid therapy & electrolyte (saline & ringer
lactate) give mixture of :
2 liter of saline 0.9%
1 liter of KCL 1.1%
1 liter of dextrose 5%
give at rate of 4 liter/hr/I.V
3-may be rolling of cow by casting of the cow on
her back then rolled to right side vigorously
D.D OF PING SOUND:***
left sided ping:-A
1-LDA →from 9th to 13th rib(middle to upper third)
2-Ruminal ping→from 9th to tuber coxae
3-pneumoperitonium→bilateral over the dorsal ⅓ of
abdomen under the lumber vertebrae
right side ping:-B
1-RDA→from 9th to 13th rib & extend to right flank
2-right abomasal torsion (volvolus)→from 8th to 13th
rib
3-cecal dilatation→from 13th rib till tuber
coxae
4-pneumoperitonum→ bilateral over the dorsal ⅓ of
abomen under the lumber vertebrae

25. Corneal opacity & crusted muzzle
Ch`ch` corneal opacity of MCF beginning
from peripheral to central

26. *Highly fatal infectious viral disease of cattle & buffalo
Clinical signs
1-erosive stomatitis
2-gastroenteritis
3-erosion in upper respiratory tract
4-keratoconjunctivitis
5-encephalitis
6-enlargment of L.N
7-fever(40-42 c) , depression , anorexia...............
8-nasal & occular discharge (serous→mucopurulent →purulent)
ْ9-drolling of saliva , dyspnoea
10- diffusen necrosis of oral mucosa on the lips , dental pad , hard
palate , soft palate & tongue
11-corneal opacity ( form peripheral to central)
N.B
in the B.V.D the corneal opacity ( from centeral to
peripheral) , beside enlargement of L.N of head
& neck
D.D
From : R.P , B.V.D , M.D complex & I.B.R

27. Clinical signs
*enlargement of the salivary gland
*dysphagia & difficult mastication
*profuse salivation
*may extend to larynx causing edema
Treatment
1- apply hot fomentation as iodine oint.
10% ,twice/daily.
2- Atropine sulphate 1% (to decrease
salivation) 3-5 cm in cattle &horse
I / V, I / M or S/C.
3- broad spectrum antibiotic.
Contagious disease with high mortality up to
100%

28. Small pinpoint areas of necrosis on the ventral
surface of the tongue (early oral lesion)
Small pinpoint areas of necrosis on the gum &
dental pad

29. Severe occular discharge which may
become purulent
*acute highly contagious viral disease of cattl & buffalo ch`:
-by erosive stomatitis & diarrhea with high mortality &
high morbidity rates
Clinical signs :
1- per acute form → high fever , dullness & depression , death
within 2-3 days (before mucosal erosions)
2- acute form → a- sudden fever , lacrimation , serous nasal
discharge + congested M.M
b- after 2-5 days → raised pin point gray
(white) necrotic foci on M.M of mouth
→ ↑in size & number → coalesce →
caseous plagues → detached → leaving
raw red erosions , the lesion appear on
ventral aspect of tongue , dental pad &
lips

30. C-profuse salivation
D-purulent occular & nasal discharge
E-profuse watery diarrhea (appear 2-3 days of ↓ of
fever)
*death after 6-12 ays after onset of fever
N.B
* the ch` zebra striping in colon & rectal mucosa
D.D
a-from disease cause erosive stomatitis & diarrhea as:
*Malignant catarral fever (MCV)
*Bovine viral diarrhea-Mucosal disease
complex (BVD-MD)
*Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (alimentary form)
(IBR)
b-from disease cause oral lesion without diarrhea as:
*FMD *Bovine papular stomatitis
*Blue tongue (in sheep & goat)
c-from peste des petits ruminants (PPR) → affect goat &
sheep but cattle are resistant
*very bad prognosis due to high mortality rate
: no specific treatment*Treatment
*Vaccination:
-restriction of animal movement + emergency
vaccination for all infected & contact animal
*Live attenuated vaccine:
-safe for pregnant animal
**the vaccine present in lyophilized form in vials (100 & 200
doses) → reconstituted in 100 & 200 ml saline
dose: 1 ml /S.C
*The acquired immunity is transmitted to the offspring via
colostrum & persist for 5-6 monthes so, the starting age of
vaccination in calves at 5-6 month of age
-if no colostrum → vaccination in the 1st week & revaccinate again
after 6-8 month
-if gives immunity for 1-2 years

31. Clinical signs
-anorexia ,dullness &depression
-drop in milk yield
-cessation of rumination
-R . atony
-moderate tympany (may occur)
-by palpation of rumen →firm content
-by percussion of rumen →dull sound
-diarrhea may be present (after 24-48 hr)
Treatment:
1-give laxative
*liquid paraffine →1 liter /100 kg b.wt/orally
or Mg sulphate →1 gm /kg b.wt/orally
2-give supermash→1 sachet/200 ml water/cattl/orally
→⅓ sachet/100 ml water /sheep/orally
or vascodigest→1 sachet/liter water /cattle/orally
→½ sachet/ ½liter water/cattle/orally
or uccmadigest , bycodigest
3-give bykahepar (as R.tonic)→ 1 cm / 10 kg b.wt/I.M/single dose
-
4-give sod.bicarbonate (antiacid)→50-100 gm orally
or give laxavet sachets→1 sachet /1 liter water/cattle/orally
→½ sachet/½ liter/sheep/orally
5-give easily digested food (barseem or hay)

32. Secondary bacterial infection for the lesion on the
tongue , lower lip & gum
Clinical signs
1-Anorexia (partial or complete)
2-Fever (if stomatitis is secondary to
systemic disease)
3-Fetid odour is present in breath
4-Preasence of local lesion in oral cavity
as vesicle ,erosion,ulcer,
diphtheritic m. or mycotic lesion.
:Treatment
1-wash the mouth cavity with antiseptic solution
as gentian violet 2% (20 ml) 3 times daily or
2% pot.permenganat or 1% boric acid.
2- Atropine sulphate 1% (to decrease salivation)
3-5 cm in cattle & horse I/V I/M or S/C.
3- Broad spectrum antibiotic (in case of
infectious disease).
4- Dextrose 25% 1-2 liter , I/V.
5-Feeding of animal an easily digested food as
barseem.
N.B: in case of diphtheritic membrane
→Tr.iodine 3% in glycerine 10%

33. Clinical signs
*distension of left paralumber fossa(upper part)
by palpation of rumen hyper-reselient
by percussion of rumen tympanic sound
by auscultation of rumen at 1st
R.hypermotility then R.atony
-the animal become restlessness,discomfort&kicking
of abdomen.
-signs of dyspnea.
-in sever case resp.rate 60/min
H.R 100-120/min
Female goat show severe distension of left paralumber fossa
severe distension of left paralumber fossa

34. :D.D-
-between frothy bloat & free gas bloat by
passage of stomach tube or trocrization
*in case of frothy bloat not relieve of gas
*in case of free gas bloat releive of gas
:Treatment-
1- Emergency treatment ( intraruminal pressure) by :
=trocrization(in free gas bloat only)
=passage of st.tube (in free gas bloat only)
2-Medical treatment:
a-oral administration of liqid paraffin 0.5-1 liter, as efoaming
agent (in case of frothy bloat).
b-oral administration of antifoaming agent :
e.g: bloatzol , dimethicone , antibloat, antiflot , bloatryl as:
100 ml / ½ liter water /cattle
25 ml / ¼ liter water / sheep
c-oral administration of sod.bicarbonate:
150-200 ml / 1 liter water
d-oral administration of ruminal tonic & stomachic:
e.g: supermach 1 sachet / 200 cm water / cattle
¹⁄з sachet / 100 cm water / sheep
& calves
or vapocodigest 1 sachet /1 liter / cattle
½ sachet / 1 liter / sheep
or other uccmadigest , baycodigest , rivadigest
N.B:
May give turbinatine oil 70 cm with other oils

35. Ch`ch` pupple shaped abdomen (enlarged left flank region
& enlargment of both right & left ventral abdomen
Clinical signs
1-compelet anorexia & loss of b. wt
2-distension of rumen of left flank
3-papple-shape abdomen (anterior type)
4-rectal exam. L-shape rumen (anterior type)
5-scanty pasty feces
6-dehydration
7-abomasal impaction (palpation on lower right
abdomen) posterior type
8-by auscultation of rumen at 1st R. hypermotility then
become R. atony
9-bradycardia( 45/min)
10-fluid splashing sound of rumen (posterior type)
11-moderate tympany
-Atropine sulphate test:**
I/M injection of atropine sulphate
If H.R by 15% & more vagus indigestion
If H.R by less than 15% not vagus indigestion
**Treatment :
Slaughter of animal is the best treatment
Trial for treatment:
-give Laxative
-give fluid therapy
-rumenotomy
N.B:
Vagus indigestion commonly associated with
traumatic reticulo-peritonitis

36. *infectious viral disease in horse & cattle.
Clinical signs:
1-vesicle in the oral mucosa
2-vesicle in the skin over the coranary band & interdigital
space
3-high fever , depression , anorexia ................etc
4-vesicle formation on M.M of mouth (stomatitis) , tongue ,
dental pad , muzzle , udder , teat .
5-profuse salivation
6-lameness
N.B
*In horse : the lesion present on dorsal aspect of the
tongue or the lips

37. D.D
a- from diseases cause vesicular lesion as :
F.M.D , B.V.D , M.D , I.B.R , M.C.F , Mycotic
stomatitis & Erosive stomatitis
b- from Pox-Herpes complex as :
cow pox , papular stomatitis , pseudocow pox
Treatment
as in the F.M.D