finishing textile

1. Understand
Fabric Finishes
Apparel and Textile Production
II

2. Types of Fabric Finishes
 Appearance
 How it looks
 Texture
 How it feels
 Performance
 How it behaves

3. Appearance
Finishes
Creating Fabrics That Appeal
To Consumers’ Fashion Sense

4. Color Finishes
 Dyeing = giving color to fiber, yarn, fabric, or
garment
 Fiber dyeing = imparts color to fibers before
spun into yarn
 Yarn dyeing = places spools of yarn into the dye
 Piece dyeing = raw (greige) goods are placed in
dye bath before being sewn into garments
 Garment dyeing = whole garment is dyed after
construction

5. Color Finishes
 Printing = adds color, pattern, design to
surface of fabrics
 Roller Printing = applied as fabric passes
through rollers
 Screen Printing = similar to stenciling, large
screens used to allow dye to various areas on
fabric

6. Color and Patterns

7. Acid Washed
 No acid is actually used in the process.
 washed with pumice stones and chlorine until
it is bleached almost white

8. Stone Washed
 Process used to give a newly manufactured
cloth garment a worn-in (or worn-out)
appearance. Stone-washing also helps to
increase the softness and flexibility of
otherwise stiff and rigid fabrics such as
canvas and denim.

9. Calendaring
 a finishing process used on cloth, paper,
or plastic film
 The fabric is then run through rollers that
polish the surface and make the fabric
smoother and more lustrous. High
temperatures and pressure are used as well.
 Fabrics that go through the calendering
process feel thin, glossy and papery.
 The calendering finish is easily destroyed,
and does not last well. Washing in water
destroys it, as does wear with time.

10. Calendaring Effects

11. Brushing
 Fabric passed through wire rollers which
brush the fabric to leave it soft and fluffy.

12. Embossing
 Giving fabrics a raised design on the surface
with rollers engraved with the design

13. Napping
 Using rotating wire brushes to raise the short
fiber ends to create a soft fuzzy surface

14. Sizing
 Adding starches or resins to the fabric for
extra body or crispness
 Temporary finish

15. Weighting
 The application of metallic salts to silk to add
weight and body
 improve its drape.

16. Performance
Finishes
Creating Fabrics That Meet
The Needs of Consumers

17. Antimicrobial/Antibiotic
 Antimicrobial Finish is a long-lasting formula
that inhibits the growth of microorganisms
such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, mold,
and mildew.

18. AntiStatic
Antistatic finish are used for the
removal in synthetic fibers of the
unwanted effects of electrostatic
charge produced during production and
wear of fabrics and knits.

19. Flame Resistant
 treated with and/or holds natural properties to
self-extinguish when exposed to an ignition
source.

20. Flame Retardant
A chemical application designed to increase a
fabric's resistance to flame spread; less likely
to flame up and/or burn

21. Mercerization
 typically for cotton threads
 strengthens them and gives them a lustrous
appearance.

22. Mildew Resistant
 This provides a mildew inhibitor and fungicide
for fabrics exposed to damp climates.

23. Moth Resistant
 Insecticides used on fabric
 This aids in deterring moths from attacking
and damaging fabric.

24. Permanent Press/Durable Press
 processed with resins similar to those in
wash-and-wear products.

25. Sanforized
 will not shrink out of fit
 The aim of the process is a cloth which does not shrink
significantly during clothes production by cutting,
ironing, sewing or, especially, by wearing and washing
the finished clothes.
 Sanforization is a process of treatment used
for cotton fabrics mainly and most textiles made
from natural or chemical fibres, patented by Sanford
Lockwood Cluett (1874–1968) in 1930. It is a method of
stretching, shrinking and fixing the woven cloth in both
length and width before cutting and producing, to
reduce the shrinkage which would otherwise occur after
washing.

26. Water Repellent
 applied to such items as raincoats and
umbrellas, closing the pores of the fabric by
application of such substances as insoluble
metallic compounds, paraffin, bituminous
materials, and drying oils
 Water-repellent finishes are surface finishes
imparting some degree of resistance to water
but are more comfortable to wear because the
fabric pores remain open. Such finishes
include wax and resin...

27. Waterproof
 are fabrics that are inherently, or have been
treated to become, resistant to penetration by
water and wetting.

28. Wrinkle Resistant
 A chemical finish designed to keep fabrics
free of creases and wrinkling
 Formaldehyde used, danger?

29. Fabric Finishes
of the 21st
Century
Technology in the Apparel
Industry

30. Microfiber
 used for athletic wear
 wicks moisture (sweat) away from the body, keeping the
wearer cool and dry
 very elastic, making it suitable for undergarments.
 used to make tough, very soft-to-the-touch materials for
general clothing use, often used in skirts and jackets.
 can be made into Ultrasuede, an animal-product-free
imitation
 used to make many accessories: wallets, handbags,
backpacks, shoes, cell phone cases, and coin purses
 lightweight, durable, and somewhat water repellent, so it
makes a good substitute.

31. More about Microfibers
 used to make many accessories: wallets,
handbags, backpacks, shoes, cell phone cases,
and coin purses
 lightweight, durable, and somewhat water
repellent, so it makes a good substitute
 can be coated with various finishes or can be
treated with anti-bacterial chemicals.
 can also be printed with various designs,
embroidered with colored thread, or heat-
embossed to create interesting textures

32. Nanotechnology
 Making composite fabric with nano-sized
particles or fibers allows improvement of
fabric properties without a significant increase
in weight, thickness, or stiffness as might
have been the case with previously-used
techniques. For example incorporating nano-
whiskers into fabric used to make pants
produces a lightweight water and stain
repellent material.
 http://www.nano-tex.com/

34. Smart Fabrics
 E-textiles, also known as electronic textiles, smart
textiles, or smart fabrics, are fabrics that enable
digital components (including small computers),
and electronics to be embedded in them.
 Many intelligent clothing, smart clothing, wearable
technology, and wearable computing projects
involve the use of e-textiles.
 E-textiles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

36. Green Fabric Finishes
 reduce the health and environmental impact
of fabric performance finishes by dramatically
lowering the amount of chemicals and other
harmful substances used in the finishes

37. Microencapsulation
 involves encapsulating liquid or solid substances
in tiny thin-walled natural or synthetic bubbles
within the fabric.
 has allowed moisturizers, therapeutic oils, and
insecticides to be incorporated into fabrics
 includes the delivery of drug treatments through
clothing to patients
 also offers a way of maintaining body heat
 http://technology.tki.org.nz/