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The document describes the different layers of soil and types of soil. It discusses the topsoil layer, which contains organic matter and supports plant and animal life. Below is the subsoil layer with fewer organisms and less organic matter. The deepest layer is bedrock, containing no life and few nutrients. The document also defines different types of soil as fertile, poor, or arid, and their ability to support plant growth. Finally, it provides definitions and examples of rocks and minerals.
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There are different types of soil including sand, silt, clay, and loam. Sand particles are large and the soil is dry, while silt is smaller broken rock particles. Clay soil holds water well, has no air between particles, and is sticky when wet. Loam is a mixture of sand, silt and clay and is best for plant growth. Soil is a natural resource that cannot be replaced and must be conserved to prevent erosion, the movement of soil to new places. Planting trees and grass and practicing healthy farming techniques like keeping soil clean and adding nutrients can help conserve soil.
Desert ecosystem
The document summarizes the key characteristics and adaptations of desert ecosystems. Deserts are defined as regions receiving less than 10 inches of annual precipitation and have extreme temperature fluctuations. Desert ecosystems are specialized, with organisms adapting to the harsh conditions through mechanisms like reduced water loss, water storage, and nocturnal activities. Common desert plants like cacti are succulents that store water and have lost leaves, while animals live underground or have features to dissipate heat. Despite the harsh conditions, desert farming is possible through extensive irrigation projects that bring water from distant sources, making regions like California's Imperial Valley highly productive agriculturally.
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This document summarizes six major ecosystem types: forest, grassland, desert, tundra, freshwater, and marine. It provides 1-3 defining characteristics of each ecosystem type. Forest ecosystems have diverse flora and fauna, tall trees with dense foliage that can be deciduous, coniferous, or a mixture. Grasslands have a semi-arid climate with grasses and flowers, providing an ideal grazing environment. Deserts receive low precipitation, generally under 25cm/year, and have sparse or no vegetation. Tundra soils may remain frozen with lichens and small flowers in spring/summer under harsh cold climates. Freshwater ecosystems include stationary or flowing water and support more than just fish
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Soil
Soil is formed over long periods of time through the weathering of rock by living organisms and environmental factors. It consists of layers, with topsoil at the surface where plants grow. Soil properties like texture and water retention depend on the sizes of particles like sand, silt and clay. Different soil types suit different plants, for example loam soil supports many vegetables due to good nutrient and moisture levels, while sandy soil is suitable for cacti and aloe vera. Soil provides anchoring and nutrients essential for plant growth and development.
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There are different types of soil including sand, silt, clay, and loam. Sand particles are large and the soil is dry, while silt is smaller broken rock particles. Clay soil holds water well, has no air between particles, and is sticky when wet. Loam is a mixture of sand, silt and clay and is best for plant growth. Soil is a natural resource that cannot be replaced and must be conserved to prevent erosion, the movement of soil to new places. Planting trees and grass and practicing healthy farming techniques like keeping soil clean and adding nutrients can help conserve soil.
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Soil is formed over long periods of time through the weathering of rock by living organisms and environmental factors. It consists of layers, with topsoil at the surface where plants grow. Soil properties like texture and water retention depend on the sizes of particles like sand, silt and clay. Different soil types suit different plants, for example loam soil supports many vegetables due to good nutrient and moisture levels, while sandy soil is suitable for cacti and aloe vera. Soil provides anchoring and nutrients essential for plant growth and development.
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Desert ecosystems receive very little rainfall and experience large temperature fluctuations between day and night. A desert ecosystem is defined by the interactions between plant and animal populations and the climate. Desert plants have adaptations like being succulent or having thickened stems and fleshy parts to store water, which helps them survive the extreme desert conditions with short growing seasons and long dormant periods. Cacti are an example of a succulent desert plant that stores water in its thick, fleshy stem.
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TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM
TYPES: Forest ecosystem
Desert ecosystem
Grassland ecosystem
Aquatic ecosystem
FOREST ECOSYSTEM
A forest ecosystem is the one in which a tall and trees grow that support many
animals and birds. The forest are found in undisturbed areas receiving
moderate to hi rainfall. The forest occupies nearly 40%
of the world’s land area. In India it occupies only 19% of its total land area.
GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM.
Grassland occupies about 20% of earth’s surface addition to grass
species, some trees and shrubs are/also pre in grasslands. Limited
grazing helps to improve the net primary production of the grasslands.
But, overgrazing leads degradation of these grasslands resulting in desertification
DESERT. ECOSYSTEMS
Desert occupies about 35% of our world’s land area. It is
characterized by less than 25 cm rainfall. The atmosphere is dry and hence it is a poor insulator .
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
The aquatic ecosystem deals with water bodies. The major types
of organism found in aquatic environments are determined by the water’s salinity.
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Components, Physical Properties, Types, and Layers of Soil
A powerpoint presentation about the components, physical properties, types, and layers of soil for educational use.
types of soil
This document provides summaries of different soil types found in India:
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- Red soil is formed from weathered crystalline rocks. It is more sandy, less clayey, and poor in nutrients. It covers 3.5 lakh sq km.
- Laterite soil is brown to yellowish in color and forms a hard material used for building when exposed to air.
- Desert soil is sandy, porous, and low in nutrients and moisture. It covers 1.4 lakh sq km.
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Soil
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The document discusses the key components and properties of soil. It describes the different layers of soil - the O horizon at the top which contains living and decomposed materials, the dark A horizon below it which is rich in minerals and organic matter where many plants grow, the lighter B horizon below containing more clay and minerals, and the C horizon at the bottom consisting of partially weathered bedrock. The color of the soil provides clues to its composition, health, and changes over time.
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Soil Profile, Properties and types are described here
You can easily understand this.
Thank you!!
Ram Charan
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Soil sciences
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Diego
- 1. THE TOP LAYER OF EARTH DIEGO AGUIRRE
- 2. SOIL LAYERS
- 3. TOPSOIL The soil is soft. There are roots, insects , moles, fungi and bacteria ( decomposers). It has a lot of humus, air and water
- 4. SUBSOIL The soil is hard.There are no living things but some roots of the biggest trees can reach this layer.It has little humus, air and water.
- 5. BEDROCK The soil is very hard. There are no living things.It has very little air and water and no humus.
- 7. FERTILE • It has a lot of humus and water • Many types of plants grow such us fruit trees and crops • It is in temperate forest
- 8. POOR • It has little humus and water • Only hardly plants grow there such us olive trees, oaks, vines, etc. • It is in savannahs and Mediterranean forest.
- 9. ARID • It has very little humus and water. • Only very hardly plants can grow such us cacti. • It is in deserts.
- 11. DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS of the Earth. Rocks • Rocks are the solid part are made up of minerals • They are non – living things because aren ´t born, don´t grow, don´t reproduce and die. They are natural because people didn ´t make them.
- 12. ROCKS • Slate: it is used to make the roff of some homes. • Granite: it is made up of 3 minerals: quartz,mica and feldespate. • Marble: it is used for conscuction.
- 13. MINERALS • Gold: we use gold for jewellry. • Salt: we can eat it. • Copper: it is used to make pipes, for example.