Soil is a complex mixture that supports plant and animal life. The type of soil, such as sandy, clay, or loam influences what plants can grow. Organisms in the soil break down organic matter and cycle nutrients. Humans can negatively impact soils through erosion, desertification, acidification, deforestation, salinization, and mining which damages the soil ecosystem. Maintaining healthy soil is important for sustaining communities of plants, animals, and human settlements.
This document discusses different types of soil including sandy soil, clay soil, silty soil, loamy soil, chalky soil, and peaty soil. It describes the characteristics of each soil type and some of the problems associated with each. For example, it notes that sandy soil does not hold water well and nutrients drain quickly through it, while clay soil is difficult for air and water to penetrate, creating problems for plant growth. The document also discusses soil conservation and its importance.
The document discusses several ecological phenomena and concepts:
1) Weathering describes how rocks and minerals break down on Earth's surface due to water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and temperature changes acting as agents of weathering over time.
2) Forest ecosystems are areas dominated by trees that consist of integrated communities of plants, animals, microbes, soils, and atmospheres. Forests maintain climate, rainfall, and support biodiversity.
3) Mountain ecosystems are found on mountain slopes and provide diverse habitats for many plant and animal species, though conditions are harsher at higher altitudes with alpine vegetation.
The document summarizes key information about soil resources. It defines soil and discusses soil-forming factors such as parent material, climate, topography and organisms. It also describes soil composition, nutrients, horizons, texture, characteristics, types of fertilizers and their pros and cons. Methods to prevent soil erosion, salinization, desertification and reclaim degraded land are also summarized.
The factors which relate to structure and composition of soil are called edaphic factors.
Soil is a very complex medium. A good fertile soil contains mineral matter (40%), organic matter (10%), water (15%) and air (25%).
Mineral matter in the soil occurs in the form of particles. Soil can be studied under Physical and chemical properties.
Soil is a complex, slowly renewed resource that provides nutrients for plant growth. It is formed through weathering of bedrock and develops distinct horizontal layers over time. Soil properties like texture, structure, color and nutrient content are influenced by the parent material, climate, vegetation and other factors. Texture, determined by the proportion of sand, silt and clay particles, affects characteristics such as water retention, aeration and erosion potential. A variety of soil nutrients derived from organic matter and minerals cycles are essential for plant nutrition.
Soil is formed through the weathering of rock and mineral particles and the accumulation of organic matter over long periods of time. The document discusses the key components and layers of soil, including the O horizon of organic material, the A horizon containing humus and nutrients, the B horizon containing clay and minerals, and the C horizon containing broken down bedrock. Several factors influence soil formation, such as climate, topography, parent material, biological activity, and time. The texture and permeability of soil is determined by the relative proportions of sand, silt, clay, and humus particles.
Soil Science Simplified.ppt #soil science #fundamentals of sailajaysaini99283371
This document provides an introduction to basic soil properties and formation factors. It discusses why soil is an important resource, noting its role in plant growth, water filtration, gas exchange, and historical record. The document then covers physical soil properties like texture, structure, pore space, temperature, and color. It describes the components that make up soil, such as sand, silt, clay, and organic matter. It also explains methods for determining properties like texture, using the soil texture triangle and Munsell color system.
Soil is a complex mixture that supports plant and animal life. The type of soil, such as sandy, clay, or loam influences what plants can grow. Organisms in the soil break down organic matter and cycle nutrients. Humans can negatively impact soils through erosion, desertification, acidification, deforestation, salinization, and mining which damages the soil ecosystem. Maintaining healthy soil is important for sustaining communities of plants, animals, and human settlements.
This document discusses different types of soil including sandy soil, clay soil, silty soil, loamy soil, chalky soil, and peaty soil. It describes the characteristics of each soil type and some of the problems associated with each. For example, it notes that sandy soil does not hold water well and nutrients drain quickly through it, while clay soil is difficult for air and water to penetrate, creating problems for plant growth. The document also discusses soil conservation and its importance.
The document discusses several ecological phenomena and concepts:
1) Weathering describes how rocks and minerals break down on Earth's surface due to water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and temperature changes acting as agents of weathering over time.
2) Forest ecosystems are areas dominated by trees that consist of integrated communities of plants, animals, microbes, soils, and atmospheres. Forests maintain climate, rainfall, and support biodiversity.
3) Mountain ecosystems are found on mountain slopes and provide diverse habitats for many plant and animal species, though conditions are harsher at higher altitudes with alpine vegetation.
The document summarizes key information about soil resources. It defines soil and discusses soil-forming factors such as parent material, climate, topography and organisms. It also describes soil composition, nutrients, horizons, texture, characteristics, types of fertilizers and their pros and cons. Methods to prevent soil erosion, salinization, desertification and reclaim degraded land are also summarized.
The factors which relate to structure and composition of soil are called edaphic factors.
Soil is a very complex medium. A good fertile soil contains mineral matter (40%), organic matter (10%), water (15%) and air (25%).
Mineral matter in the soil occurs in the form of particles. Soil can be studied under Physical and chemical properties.
Soil is a complex, slowly renewed resource that provides nutrients for plant growth. It is formed through weathering of bedrock and develops distinct horizontal layers over time. Soil properties like texture, structure, color and nutrient content are influenced by the parent material, climate, vegetation and other factors. Texture, determined by the proportion of sand, silt and clay particles, affects characteristics such as water retention, aeration and erosion potential. A variety of soil nutrients derived from organic matter and minerals cycles are essential for plant nutrition.
Soil is formed through the weathering of rock and mineral particles and the accumulation of organic matter over long periods of time. The document discusses the key components and layers of soil, including the O horizon of organic material, the A horizon containing humus and nutrients, the B horizon containing clay and minerals, and the C horizon containing broken down bedrock. Several factors influence soil formation, such as climate, topography, parent material, biological activity, and time. The texture and permeability of soil is determined by the relative proportions of sand, silt, clay, and humus particles.
Soil Science Simplified.ppt #soil science #fundamentals of sailajaysaini99283371
This document provides an introduction to basic soil properties and formation factors. It discusses why soil is an important resource, noting its role in plant growth, water filtration, gas exchange, and historical record. The document then covers physical soil properties like texture, structure, pore space, temperature, and color. It describes the components that make up soil, such as sand, silt, clay, and organic matter. It also explains methods for determining properties like texture, using the soil texture triangle and Munsell color system.
Civil Engineering Scope and Uses for societykeshavmech2008
Driving on a highway or while walking on a bridge ever wondered what it takes to be a designer behind these massive constructions? Civil engineers discuss real-world challenges and work on dynamic technical developments. Are you someone who has an interest in planning and constructing new buildings? Get involved and make an impact through your designs, constructions and engineering technology. It is important to assess the scope of a field before pursuing a career in that direction, here is all the information you need on the scope of civil engineering.
THIS BLOG INCLUDES:
Scope of Civil Engineering in Government Sector
Scope of Civil Engineering in the Private Sector
Popular Private Companies for Civil Engineers
Salary in Civil Engineering
List of Civil Engineering Jobs
Skills Required
Popular Job Areas
Scope of Civil Engineering PPT
Is Civil Engineering a Good Career Choice?
Courses & Top Universities
Civil Engineering Courses After 12th: Bachelors Level
Diploma Courses in Civil Engineering
Certificate Courses in Civil Engineering
Top Colleges & Universities
FAQs
Top Civil Engineering Colleges
Types of Civil Engineering
Scope of Civil Engineering in Government Sector
There is a massive career scope in Civil Engineering as BE/BTech Civil Engineering graduates can explore promising opportunities in both the private sector and public sectors. Most importantly, there is an immense scope of Civil Engineering in the government sector where you can work in the following government jobs in Civil Engineering:
ONGC
PWD
Electricity boards
Armed Forces
NHAI
Indian Railways
IOC
Town Planning
BHEL
At these public-sector organisations, there are numerous vacancies available at Indian Railways, ONGC, PWD and BHEL and offer the most scope of Civil Engineering in India!
Scope of Civil Engineering in the Private Sector
Here are the most popular job profiles and careers in Civil Engineering in India:
Project Manager
Planning and Design Officer
Site Engineer
Construction Managers
Civil Engineering Technicians
Architects
Assistant Engineer
Senior Engineer
Chief Engineer
City Engineer
Division Leader and Head
Deputy Engineer
Surveyors
Director of Public Work
Urban and Regional Planners
Environmental Engineers
Professor and Teachers
Researcher
Consultants
Entrepreneurs
Popular Private Companies for Civil Engineers
Looking for the best private companies for Civil Engineering jobs? Here are the top private companies in India that hire Civil Engineering graduates:
Punj Lloyd, Maharashtra
Akme Projects Ltd, New Delhi
Bridge & Roof Co (India) Limited, Kolkata
DLF Limited, Haryana
Coastal Projects Pvt Ltd (CPPL), Hyderabad
CQRA, Mumbai
Gammon Infrastructure Projects Limited (GIPL), Mumbai
Stewarts & Lloyds of India Ltd, Kolkata
Arun Excello Group of Companies, Tamil Nadu
Conart Engineers Ltd, Mumbai
Essar Group, Maharashtra
Salary in Civil Engineering
The average salary differs as per the public and private sector as government jobs. The average salary in Civil Engine
Soil is a natural medium composed of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and organisms that supports plant growth. It performs key functions like nutrient provision, water storage and purification, atmospheric modification, and habitat for decomposers. Soil consists of distinct horizontal layers called horizons that vary from rich organic layers on top to underlying rocky layers. Different types of soils exist based on their composition, including clay, silt, sand, loam, chalk, and peat soils, each with defining characteristics and suitable crops.
Soil is a natural medium composed of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support plant growth. It performs important functions like supporting plant growth, storing water, and providing habitat for decomposer organisms.
Soil consists of distinct horizontal layers called horizons that vary in composition from rich organic layers on top to underlying rocky layers. The horizons include the O horizon of leaf litter and humus, the topsoil A horizon where plants root and seeds germinate, the clay-rich subsoil B horizon, the partially weathered bedrock C horizon, and the unweathered bedrock R horizon.
Different types of soils like clay, silt, sand, loam, chalk
The soil system is a dynamic ecosystem with inputs, outputs, storages and flows. The quality of soil influences the primary productivity of an area. Soil is made up of organic matter, organisms, nutrients, minerals, air and water. It exists in solid, liquid and gas states. Soils take a long time to develop and are considered a non-renewable resource. Soil degradation reduces soil quality and can be caused by erosion, biological degradation, physical degradation and chemical degradation from human activities like agriculture. Conservation efforts aim to reduce erosion, improve soil structure and condition, and promote sustainable land management.
Soil is a complex natural body that forms at the interface between the earth's atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. It is composed of weathered rocks and decaying organic matter and provides a medium for plant growth. Soil formation involves physical, chemical and biological weathering processes over long periods of time. Soils perform key ecosystem functions like supporting plant growth, regulating water supply, recycling nutrients, and serving as a habitat. Understanding soil properties and managing soils sustainably is important for agriculture, the environment and human well-being.
Microbes play an essential role in soil properties and plant growth. They are responsible for decomposing organic matter, fixing nitrogen, and managing soil stability through various biochemical processes. The four main types of microbes found in soil are bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and algae. Each group serves important functions like nutrient cycling, organic matter breakdown, and maintaining balances in the soil environment. Microbes also influence soil structure by producing compounds that bind soil particles together and form stable aggregates.
This document provides information about the different types of soils found in India. It discusses 7 major soil types - alluvial soil, black soil, red and yellow soil, laterite soil, arid soil, mountain and forest soil, and desert soil. For each soil type, it provides details on characteristics, regions found, and crops that are best suited for that soil. The overall document emphasizes the importance of understanding soil types for effective agricultural practices and crop cultivation in India.
Soil is formed over long periods of time through the weathering of rock by living organisms and environmental factors. It consists of layers, with topsoil at the surface where plants grow. Soil properties like texture and water retention depend on the sizes of particles like sand, silt and clay. Different soil types suit different plants, for example loam soil supports many vegetables due to good nutrient and moisture levels, while sandy soil is suitable for cacti and aloe vera. Soil provides anchoring and nutrients essential for plant growth and development.
1) The document discusses soil, including its composition of distinct layers called horizons. The uppermost horizon is the topsoil, which is dark and rich in humus and minerals.
2) Soil profile is examined, with the topsoil providing shelter for organisms and plant roots. The next layer has less humus but more minerals. The lowest layer is bedrock.
3) Soil types are classified based on particle size, with sandy soil having large particles, clayey soil having fine particles, and loam being the best mixture for plant growth.
- Formation and evolution of soil.
- Characteristics and classification of soils.
- Regularity and environmental features of soil distribution on Earth.
- Location of the soil in the biosphere.
- Morphological signs of soil profile.
- Structure of soil profile.
- Granulometric composition.
- Soil composition: properties and modes.
- General physical properties of soil.
This document summarizes soil formation, types, and composition. It defines soil and lists the main factors that affect soil formation: climate, original rock materials, organisms, topography, and time. Soil types are then described based on thickness (thick or shallow), development stage (young, mature, old), and particle size (sand, clay, silt, peat, chalk, loam). Each soil type is defined in terms of composition, properties like drainage and nutrients, and common locations. The stages of soil formation from rock weathering to a mature soil are also outlined.
The document discusses different types of soil including sandy soil, loam soil, peat soil, clay soil, silt soil, and chalky soil. It provides details on the composition, properties, characteristics, benefits for plant growth, and examples of plants that grow well in each soil type. The document is a report submitted by students from the Botany department of Rawalpindi Women's University on various soil types.
Sandy Soil - This type has the biggest particles and the size of the particles does determine the degree of aeration and drainage that the soil allows. It is granular and consists of rock and mineral particles that are very small. Therefore the texture is gritty and sandy soil is formed by the disintegration and weathering of rocks such as limestone, granite, quartz and shale. Sandy soil is easier to cultivate if it is rich in organic material but then it allows drainage more than is needed, thus resulting in over-drainage and dehydration of the plants in summer .
Soils and growing media provide nutrients, air, water and support for plant growth. Key properties include physical attributes like texture, chemical properties that influence nutrient supply, and biological factors from microorganisms. Texture, structure, permeability and pH all impact aeration, drainage and plant suitability. Safety precautions must be followed when working with soils. Improvements can address texture, structure, pH, salinity through amendments, drainage or plant selection.
Soil has evolved over millions of years and is an important natural resource.
Soils in India can be classified as - Alluvial, Black, Red and Laterite soils. Their distribution, composition, characteristics such as color, texture, minerals, crops grown and it's conservation have been described.
The document discusses different types of soils found in India such as alluvial, black, red, yellow, laterite, and arid soils and describes their key characteristics and locations. It also covers sustainable soil conservation methods like terracing, contour planting, and cover cropping to reduce erosion. The impacts of the Green Revolution are discussed, including increased crop yields but also environmental issues like water depletion, inefficient irrigation, and loss of genetic diversity.
The document discusses different types of soils found in India such as alluvial, black, red, yellow, laterite, and arid soils and describes their key characteristics and locations. It also covers topics like soil conservation methods, sustainable agriculture, irrigation techniques, soil nutrients, fertilizers, the green revolution and its environmental impacts. The green revolution increased crop yields through new varieties but also caused problems like water depletion, soil degradation, and loss of genetic diversity.
Sandy soil consists of large particles that allow for good drainage but can dry out plants. Clay soil is made of very fine particles that make it difficult to work with due to poor drainage and risk of waterlogging. Loamy soil balances sand, silt and clay for good texture, water retention and drainage. Chalky soil is alkaline with many stones and prone to dryness. Peaty soil is rich in organic matter but low in nutrients unless well fertilized and drained. The subsoil below the topsoil may not contain nutrients for plants.
Civil Engineering Scope and Uses for societykeshavmech2008
Driving on a highway or while walking on a bridge ever wondered what it takes to be a designer behind these massive constructions? Civil engineers discuss real-world challenges and work on dynamic technical developments. Are you someone who has an interest in planning and constructing new buildings? Get involved and make an impact through your designs, constructions and engineering technology. It is important to assess the scope of a field before pursuing a career in that direction, here is all the information you need on the scope of civil engineering.
THIS BLOG INCLUDES:
Scope of Civil Engineering in Government Sector
Scope of Civil Engineering in the Private Sector
Popular Private Companies for Civil Engineers
Salary in Civil Engineering
List of Civil Engineering Jobs
Skills Required
Popular Job Areas
Scope of Civil Engineering PPT
Is Civil Engineering a Good Career Choice?
Courses & Top Universities
Civil Engineering Courses After 12th: Bachelors Level
Diploma Courses in Civil Engineering
Certificate Courses in Civil Engineering
Top Colleges & Universities
FAQs
Top Civil Engineering Colleges
Types of Civil Engineering
Scope of Civil Engineering in Government Sector
There is a massive career scope in Civil Engineering as BE/BTech Civil Engineering graduates can explore promising opportunities in both the private sector and public sectors. Most importantly, there is an immense scope of Civil Engineering in the government sector where you can work in the following government jobs in Civil Engineering:
ONGC
PWD
Electricity boards
Armed Forces
NHAI
Indian Railways
IOC
Town Planning
BHEL
At these public-sector organisations, there are numerous vacancies available at Indian Railways, ONGC, PWD and BHEL and offer the most scope of Civil Engineering in India!
Scope of Civil Engineering in the Private Sector
Here are the most popular job profiles and careers in Civil Engineering in India:
Project Manager
Planning and Design Officer
Site Engineer
Construction Managers
Civil Engineering Technicians
Architects
Assistant Engineer
Senior Engineer
Chief Engineer
City Engineer
Division Leader and Head
Deputy Engineer
Surveyors
Director of Public Work
Urban and Regional Planners
Environmental Engineers
Professor and Teachers
Researcher
Consultants
Entrepreneurs
Popular Private Companies for Civil Engineers
Looking for the best private companies for Civil Engineering jobs? Here are the top private companies in India that hire Civil Engineering graduates:
Punj Lloyd, Maharashtra
Akme Projects Ltd, New Delhi
Bridge & Roof Co (India) Limited, Kolkata
DLF Limited, Haryana
Coastal Projects Pvt Ltd (CPPL), Hyderabad
CQRA, Mumbai
Gammon Infrastructure Projects Limited (GIPL), Mumbai
Stewarts & Lloyds of India Ltd, Kolkata
Arun Excello Group of Companies, Tamil Nadu
Conart Engineers Ltd, Mumbai
Essar Group, Maharashtra
Salary in Civil Engineering
The average salary differs as per the public and private sector as government jobs. The average salary in Civil Engine
Soil is a natural medium composed of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and organisms that supports plant growth. It performs key functions like nutrient provision, water storage and purification, atmospheric modification, and habitat for decomposers. Soil consists of distinct horizontal layers called horizons that vary from rich organic layers on top to underlying rocky layers. Different types of soils exist based on their composition, including clay, silt, sand, loam, chalk, and peat soils, each with defining characteristics and suitable crops.
Soil is a natural medium composed of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support plant growth. It performs important functions like supporting plant growth, storing water, and providing habitat for decomposer organisms.
Soil consists of distinct horizontal layers called horizons that vary in composition from rich organic layers on top to underlying rocky layers. The horizons include the O horizon of leaf litter and humus, the topsoil A horizon where plants root and seeds germinate, the clay-rich subsoil B horizon, the partially weathered bedrock C horizon, and the unweathered bedrock R horizon.
Different types of soils like clay, silt, sand, loam, chalk
The soil system is a dynamic ecosystem with inputs, outputs, storages and flows. The quality of soil influences the primary productivity of an area. Soil is made up of organic matter, organisms, nutrients, minerals, air and water. It exists in solid, liquid and gas states. Soils take a long time to develop and are considered a non-renewable resource. Soil degradation reduces soil quality and can be caused by erosion, biological degradation, physical degradation and chemical degradation from human activities like agriculture. Conservation efforts aim to reduce erosion, improve soil structure and condition, and promote sustainable land management.
Soil is a complex natural body that forms at the interface between the earth's atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. It is composed of weathered rocks and decaying organic matter and provides a medium for plant growth. Soil formation involves physical, chemical and biological weathering processes over long periods of time. Soils perform key ecosystem functions like supporting plant growth, regulating water supply, recycling nutrients, and serving as a habitat. Understanding soil properties and managing soils sustainably is important for agriculture, the environment and human well-being.
Microbes play an essential role in soil properties and plant growth. They are responsible for decomposing organic matter, fixing nitrogen, and managing soil stability through various biochemical processes. The four main types of microbes found in soil are bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and algae. Each group serves important functions like nutrient cycling, organic matter breakdown, and maintaining balances in the soil environment. Microbes also influence soil structure by producing compounds that bind soil particles together and form stable aggregates.
This document provides information about the different types of soils found in India. It discusses 7 major soil types - alluvial soil, black soil, red and yellow soil, laterite soil, arid soil, mountain and forest soil, and desert soil. For each soil type, it provides details on characteristics, regions found, and crops that are best suited for that soil. The overall document emphasizes the importance of understanding soil types for effective agricultural practices and crop cultivation in India.
Soil is formed over long periods of time through the weathering of rock by living organisms and environmental factors. It consists of layers, with topsoil at the surface where plants grow. Soil properties like texture and water retention depend on the sizes of particles like sand, silt and clay. Different soil types suit different plants, for example loam soil supports many vegetables due to good nutrient and moisture levels, while sandy soil is suitable for cacti and aloe vera. Soil provides anchoring and nutrients essential for plant growth and development.
1) The document discusses soil, including its composition of distinct layers called horizons. The uppermost horizon is the topsoil, which is dark and rich in humus and minerals.
2) Soil profile is examined, with the topsoil providing shelter for organisms and plant roots. The next layer has less humus but more minerals. The lowest layer is bedrock.
3) Soil types are classified based on particle size, with sandy soil having large particles, clayey soil having fine particles, and loam being the best mixture for plant growth.
- Formation and evolution of soil.
- Characteristics and classification of soils.
- Regularity and environmental features of soil distribution on Earth.
- Location of the soil in the biosphere.
- Morphological signs of soil profile.
- Structure of soil profile.
- Granulometric composition.
- Soil composition: properties and modes.
- General physical properties of soil.
This document summarizes soil formation, types, and composition. It defines soil and lists the main factors that affect soil formation: climate, original rock materials, organisms, topography, and time. Soil types are then described based on thickness (thick or shallow), development stage (young, mature, old), and particle size (sand, clay, silt, peat, chalk, loam). Each soil type is defined in terms of composition, properties like drainage and nutrients, and common locations. The stages of soil formation from rock weathering to a mature soil are also outlined.
The document discusses different types of soil including sandy soil, loam soil, peat soil, clay soil, silt soil, and chalky soil. It provides details on the composition, properties, characteristics, benefits for plant growth, and examples of plants that grow well in each soil type. The document is a report submitted by students from the Botany department of Rawalpindi Women's University on various soil types.
Sandy Soil - This type has the biggest particles and the size of the particles does determine the degree of aeration and drainage that the soil allows. It is granular and consists of rock and mineral particles that are very small. Therefore the texture is gritty and sandy soil is formed by the disintegration and weathering of rocks such as limestone, granite, quartz and shale. Sandy soil is easier to cultivate if it is rich in organic material but then it allows drainage more than is needed, thus resulting in over-drainage and dehydration of the plants in summer .
Soils and growing media provide nutrients, air, water and support for plant growth. Key properties include physical attributes like texture, chemical properties that influence nutrient supply, and biological factors from microorganisms. Texture, structure, permeability and pH all impact aeration, drainage and plant suitability. Safety precautions must be followed when working with soils. Improvements can address texture, structure, pH, salinity through amendments, drainage or plant selection.
Soil has evolved over millions of years and is an important natural resource.
Soils in India can be classified as - Alluvial, Black, Red and Laterite soils. Their distribution, composition, characteristics such as color, texture, minerals, crops grown and it's conservation have been described.
The document discusses different types of soils found in India such as alluvial, black, red, yellow, laterite, and arid soils and describes their key characteristics and locations. It also covers sustainable soil conservation methods like terracing, contour planting, and cover cropping to reduce erosion. The impacts of the Green Revolution are discussed, including increased crop yields but also environmental issues like water depletion, inefficient irrigation, and loss of genetic diversity.
The document discusses different types of soils found in India such as alluvial, black, red, yellow, laterite, and arid soils and describes their key characteristics and locations. It also covers topics like soil conservation methods, sustainable agriculture, irrigation techniques, soil nutrients, fertilizers, the green revolution and its environmental impacts. The green revolution increased crop yields through new varieties but also caused problems like water depletion, soil degradation, and loss of genetic diversity.
Sandy soil consists of large particles that allow for good drainage but can dry out plants. Clay soil is made of very fine particles that make it difficult to work with due to poor drainage and risk of waterlogging. Loamy soil balances sand, silt and clay for good texture, water retention and drainage. Chalky soil is alkaline with many stones and prone to dryness. Peaty soil is rich in organic matter but low in nutrients unless well fertilized and drained. The subsoil below the topsoil may not contain nutrients for plants.
Similar to 1603638315-lecture-22-community-soil-relationship.pptx (20)
This document defines and provides examples of the different types of adverbs in English. It explains that adverbs modify verbs by providing information about how, where, how many times, or with what intensity an action occurs. The types of adverbs discussed are: manner, place, time, frequency, degree, affirmation/negation, and reason. Examples are given for each type to illustrate how adverbs provide additional details about verbs.
This document provides a 3 paragraph summary of the contents and purpose of William Shakespeare's collection of sonnets. The first paragraph introduces that it is an electronic publication from The Electronic Classics Series. The second paragraph notes that Jim Manis is the editor and it is being published to make the works freely accessible. The third paragraph provides background on Jim Manis and notes that the text of the sonnets themselves are not copyrighted within the United States.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
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2. community Soil relationship
Definition - What does Soil mean?
Soil, often called the Skin of the Earth, is a mixture of decaying
organic matter (humus), minerals, liquids, and many countless
living organisms. Soil covering the Earth is a medium for plant
growth and a means of water storage. A particular soil’s texture,
mineral composition, fertility, and consistency can vary from
location to location.
3. Community:
Community, also called biological community,
in biology, an interacting group of various species in a common
location.
For example, a forest of trees and undergrowth plants, inhabited
by animals and rooted in soil containing bacteria and fungi,
constitutes a biological community.
5. Plants and soil relationship:
• Sandy soil –
are light, warm, dry and tend to be acidic and low in nutrients. Sandy soils are often known as light soils due to their
high proportion of sand and little clay (clay weighs more than sand). These soils have quick water drainage and are
easy to work with. They are quicker to warm up in spring than clay soils but tend to dry out in summer and suffer
from low nutrients that are washed away by rain. The addition of organic matter can help give plants an additional
boost of nutrients by improving the nutrient and water holding capacity of the soil.
• Easiest Plants to Grow in Sandy Soil
• Bearded Iris (Iris germanica) –
• Black Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia) –
• Russian Sage (Perovskia atriplicifolia) –
• Salvia (Salvia nemorosa) –
.
6. • Clay soil – are heavy soils that benefit from high nutrients. Clay soils remain wet and cold in
winter and dry out in summer. These soils are made of over 25 percent clay, and because of the
spaces found between clay particles, clay soils hold a high amount of water. Because these soils
drain slowly and take longer to warm up in summer, combined with drying out and cracking in
summer, they can often test gardeners.
• Perennials for Clay Soil
• Daylilies (Hemerocallis)
• Hosta
7. • Silt soil – are light and moisture retentive soils with a high fertility rating. As
silt soils compromise of medium sized particles they are well drained and
hold moisture well. As the particles are fine, they can be easily compacted
and are prone to washing away with rain. By adding organic matter, the silt
particles can be bound into more stable clumps.
• Types of Plants Grown in Silty Soil
• Hostas (Hosta spp.)
• Hellebore (Helleborus x hybridus,
• Cranesbill (Geranium spp.), flowering perennials also called hardy
geraniums, grow in moist soil that drains well, making them well-suited for
silty gardens.
• Roses
• Furns
• bulbs
8. • Peat soil –
are high in organic matter and retain a large amount of moisture. This type of soil
is very rarely found in a garden and often imported into a garden to provide an
optimum soil base for planting.
• crops are grown in peaty soil
plants like; heather, latern trees,witch hazel, camelia , rhondodendron.
9. • Chalk soil – can be either light or heavy but always highly alkaline due to the calcium
carbonate or lime within its structure. As these soils are alkaline they will not support
the growth of ericaceous plants that require acidic soils to grow. If a chalky soil shows
signs of visible white lumps then they can’t be acidified and gardeners should be
resigned to only choose plants that prefer an alkaline soil.
10. • Loam soil – are a mixture of sand, silt and clay that are combined to avoid the
negative effects of each type. These soils are fertile, easy to work with and
provide good drainage. Depending on their predominant composition they can
be either sandy or clay loam. As the soils are a perfect balance of soil particles,
they are considered to be a gardeners best friend, but still benefit from
topping up with additional organic matter. Image result for crops grown in
loamy soil
• Crops. The three most widely grown vegetables in American home gardens are
tomatoes, peppers and green beans. These are followed by cucumbers, onions
and lettuce. Other popular vegetables that will grow well in sandy loams
include sweet corn, okra, radishes, eggplant, carrots, pole beans, greens and
spinach.
11. Relationship of soil with animals and insects
• Rodents
• Earthworms
• Termites
• Ants
• Nematodes
• Protozoans
• Rotifers
• Micro organism(fungi,bacteria)
• Detritivores(mites,woodlice and earthworm)
12. • These organisms can act by both physically and chemically and have
both beneficial and harmful effects.
• Benefits:
• Organic matter decomposition
• Inorganic transformation
• Nitrogen fixation
13. Harmful effects:
• injurious to higher plants
• Competition for nutrients
• Nutrient deficiencies and toxicities
• Production of antibiotics in soils
14. Human and Soil Interactions:
• Erosion
• Desertification
• Acidification
• Deforestation
• Salinization
• Mining
• Urbanization
15. Erosion
• Erosion occurs when soil particles are detached,transported and
deposited.erosion is a natural geological process.humams accelerate
the process by removing cover.accelerated erosion occur 10 to 100
times than natural erosion.is is caused by removing trees and
grasses.it may eroded by wind and water.
• Desertification:is the extreme degradation of productive land in arid
and semi arid areas.this can create poor quality vegetation and the
spreading of deserts in areas that were never desert before.
16. Acidification:
Occurs when basic cations(Ca and Mg) leach from the soil,leaving
the acidic cations in the soil (H,Al,Mn and Fe).the pH decreases and soil
become acidic.this is natural process in weathering.
•Deforestation:
cutting of forests.it is very severe problem.
•Salinization:
build up of salt on soil surface.this can cause physical soil damage.
•Mining
surface mining can drastically change the landscape.