10. EARTH is made up of three parts
namely water, soil and air.
SOIL – is very important natural resource on earth
that
is made up of tiny particles of rocks and decayed
plants and animals.
WATER – comprises ¾ or 75% of the earth. It
mostly
come from seas and oceans. Other sources of water come from
underground sources that is potable for drinking.
12. SOIL
The upper layer of the earth’s surface is
called soil.
It is important for the growth of plants.
We grow vegetables, fruits and other
plants in the soil.
14. Some soils are good for
planting while others are not.
The presence of the different
kinds of vegetative plants in a
place is an evidence of a good
quality of soil in the area or
locality.
15. How soil is formed?
Soil is formed by breaking up of rocks
into tiny pieces.
19. CLAY
* Particles are packed together tightly.
* It is sticky when wet and has the finest
texture
* It is bad for growing things because it has no
drainage where water tends to escape.
* Broccoli and cabbages are likely to thrive in
this soil.
C
L
A
Y
21. LOAM
* It is a mixture of sand and clay.
* It contains large amount of decaying
plants and animals.
* It has a fine texture.
* It holds water well because of the heavy
grittiness given from the sand with good
drainage.
LOAM
22. SAND
* Particles are coarse and loose.
* It is usually made up of granules of mineral
and rock which has large spaces between its
particles.
* It is the driest among the different types of
soil.
* Carrots, aloe vera, cactus, and oregano grow
well in sandy soil.
23. 1. Type of soil which is found
nearby the sea.
2. Contains large amount of
decaying materials.
3. Good for making pots.
4. Particles are coarse and
loose
5. It is a mixture of sand and
clay.
26. TOPSOIL
A – Horizon
The uppermost layer of the soil
Rich with organic materials called
humus
The soil’s dark color is an indication
of the presence of humus.
Several types of plants can be seen
growing on this layer.
ORGANIC LAYER
TOPSOIL
27. SUB-SOIL
B – Horizon
Located just below the topsoil
Composed of loosely arranged rocks,
sand, and clay
Very rich with minerals that drain
from topsoil
When the topsoil is washed out, the
subsoil alone cannot support plant
life.
SUBSOIL
28. PARENT ROCK
C – Horizon
Composed of rocks that are slowly
breaking apart.
It is exposed to very little weathering.
It does not contain necessary nutrients
and water needed for plant growth.
PARENT ROCK
29. BEDROCK
BEDROCK
D – Horizon
•The lowest of the soil
layers
•Made up of undisturbed
large boulders and
gravel.
•Contains materials
good for constructing
buildings and making
roads.
•No plant can survive in
this layer.